Do Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Have an Increased Frequency of Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria?

Incidence of Significant Findings of Microhematuria Workup in Women-What Guidelines Work Best?

OBJECTIVE

To apply the American Urogynecological Society (AUGS)/American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommendations of foregoing workup in patients under 50 years of age with less than 25 red cells per high-powered field, to a cohort of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) patients, and assess diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value compared to the American Urologic Association (AUA) guidelines.

METHODS

Retrospective review of female patients who underwent AMH evaluation from 2012 to 2015. The number of patients who would have avoided workup following the AUGS/ACOG recommendations was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive value and accuracy of the AUGS/ACOG recommendations compared to AUA guidelines were determined.

RESULTS

Six hundred twenty women underwent AMH workup with 265 women undergoing full workup as per the AUA guidelines. Applying the AUGS/ACOG recommendations to this cohort would not have resulted in missed malignant diagnoses. Two tumors were found, both in patients who had undergone complete workup, and for whom AUGS/ACOG recommends workup. Following the AUGS/ACOG recommendations would have avoided workup in 126/620 of all women and 44/265 women who underwent the full AUA workup. In looking at findings of malignancy, the AUGS/ACOG workup had a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100% as compared to the AUA guidelines.

CONCLUSION

AUA guidelines may over screen female low risk AMH patients. Extensive workup in a low risk group of female patients does not result in increased cancer diagnoses. Perhaps a more nuanced approach could result in fewer workups without compromising cancer detection.

Risk of Contamination of Voided Urine Specimen in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse

OBJECTIVES

The primary aim of this study was to determine if urine cultures are more likely to be contaminated in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The secondary aim was to evaluate the test characteristics of a urine dipstick in women with POP.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of women who presented to the urogynecology clinic between September 1, 2017, and August 31, 2018. Associations between the presence of POP and contaminated urine culture results were estimated using univariable and multivariable analyses. The sensitivity and specificity of a urine dipstick in women with POP were calculated.

RESULTS

We included 351 women (143 with and 208 without POP). Women with POP were older (65.4 ± 15.8 vs 60.7 ± 11.0 years, P < 0.01), had a lower body mass index (26.6 ± 4.8 vs 29.2 ± 7.7 kg/m, P < 0.01), and were less likely to have recurrent urinary tract infections (3.5% vs 9.6%, P=0.03). Women with POP were more likely to have a contaminated urine culture than women without POP (55.9% vs 40.9%, P < 0.01). Rates of contaminated urine culture were higher in women with stage 3 and 4 prolapse than in women with stage 2 prolapse (59.6% vs 41.0%, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the odds of contaminated urine culture remained higher in women with POP (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-2.99). In women with POP, the sensitivity (23.5%) and positive predictive value (66.7%) of a urine dipstick were poor.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with POP are more likely to provide a contaminated urine culture when collecting a midstream urine specimen.

Microhematuria in Postmenopausal Women: Adherence to Guidelines in a Tertiary Care Setting

PURPOSE

In 2012 the AUA (American Urological Association) released a revision of the asymptomatic microscopic hematuria guidelines. Our study objectives were to assess adherence to these guidelines and describe the prevalence of urinary tract malignancy in postmenopausal women at our institution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a cross-sectional analysis of women older than 55 years evaluated at the Division of Urogynecology or Urology from August 2012 to August 2014 for a diagnosis of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Women who underwent evaluation for 3 or more red blood cells per high power field on microscopic urinalysis were considered to have true asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Those evaluated after a dipstick test with blood who had fewer than 3 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis or no urinalysis were considered positive dipstick. Demographics, laboratory values, imaging results and cystoscopy findings were extracted from electronic medical records.

RESULTS

Our study population included 237 women with a mean ± SD age of 67.1 ± 8.3 years. In our overall population 169 of 237 women (71.3%) had true asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, 48 (20.3%) had a positive dipstick test and 20 (8.4%) underwent evaluation in the setting of urinary tract infection. We detected 3 urinary tract malignancies (1.4%). One kidney cancer was identified in a 56-year-old current smoker with a urine dipstick result of 1+ blood. Bladder cancer was detected in a 58-year old smoker with 6 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis and in a 64-year-old nonsmoker with 42 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis.

CONCLUSIONS

In postmenopausal women evaluated for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria the overall prevalence of urinary tract malignancy was low at 1.4%. Of our population 28.7% underwent evaluation without meeting guideline criteria for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. This demonstrates an opportunity to improve adherence to existing guidelines to provide high quality care and avoid unnecessary expensive testing.

Comparison of frequency of asymptomatic microhematuria in patients with stage 2-4 versus stage 0-1 pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE

To compare the frequency of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in patients with stage 2-4 and stage 0-1 pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

METHODS

The hospital database was searched for women diagnosed with pelvic floor disorders and all medical records were reviewed retrospectively for the presence of AMH. An additional search was conducted for women with other benign gynecological conditions such as myoma uteri, endometrial hyperplasia or adnexal masses without evidence of pelvic organ prolapse (control group). The control group was created using 1:1 matching for age and menopausal status. The frequency of AMH in these patients were compared. The degree of hematuria was categorized as reported by the laboratory as 3 to 25 (low grade hematuria), 26 to 50 (intermediate grade hematuria) and 51 or more (high grade hematuria) red blood cell/high powered field.

RESULTS

AMH is statistically significant more often seen in study group than in control group (p:0.016). In the prolapse group 20 women (13.7%) had AMH compared with 9 (6.2%) in the control group. All of 29 patients with AMH had low grade hematuria defined as < 25 red blood cell/high powered field. Patients were followed up for 22 ± 7 (12 to 33) months. No bladder cancer and no cancer of the upper urinary tract has been detected in these 29 patients with AMH during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with stage 2-4 POP are more likely to be diagnosed with AMH than those with stage 0-1 prolapse.