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Lake-Bakaar G, Milgrom B, Kulig C, Sotelo AK, Speirs J, Meihofer A. Ketamine-Induced Sclerosing Cholangitis Associated With Early Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Chronic Topical Ketamine Use. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:471-473. [PMID: 39131718 PMCID: PMC11308429 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Ketamine-induced sclerosing cholangitis has been described with chronic intranasal and intravenous use. Our case follows chronic topical use for peripheral neuropathy. It is also uniquely associated with early inflammatory bowel disease, a known complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerond Lake-Bakaar
- Transplant Center, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Benjamin Milgrom
- Department of Medicine, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Clark Kulig
- Transplant Center, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Andrea K. Sotelo
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Joselle Speirs
- Transplant Center, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Alexandra Meihofer
- Transplant Center, Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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Katsiari T, Bae YE, Darlington Carbin Joseph D, Abou Chedid W, Moschonas D, Kusuma VRM, Patil K, Perry MJA. Newer therapies and surgical management of ketamine-induced uropathy: A review. Urologia 2024; 91:199-206. [PMID: 37897311 DOI: 10.1177/03915603231208094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ketamine use as a recreational drug is becoming more popular nowadays. Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is a late finding observed with long-term use of ketamine. A systematic review of Ketamine-Induced Uropathy was performed to emphasise its key clinical manifestations, mechanism of action and establish an effective treatment pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE via Pubmed and Cochrane using the keywords ketamine and bladder, ketamine and uropathy, and ketamine and epidemiology. The search strategy was limited to articles published from 2000 to 2023. Both animal and human studies were included. A total of 101 papers were reviewed based on topic relevance from the title and abstracts available. While ketamine is a controlled drug in the United Kingdom (UK) and other countries, 283 ketamine-related deaths have been reported in the UK. There is no definite pathogenesis but multiple potential mechanisms that cause KIU and its related symptoms. KIU involves chronic inflammation of the bladder, ureteral wall thickening, hydronephrosis and finally, chronic renal failure. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount when managing these patients to break the vicious cycle. The mainstay of medical and surgical treatment pathways is continued abstinence to prevent symptom relapse. This review included the pathophysiology, novel medical treatments and surgical management of KIU. CONCLUSION KIU is a rare but significantly disabling condition often seen among ketamine abusers. With the rising trend in drug addiction, KIU is expected to be more common. Unfortunately, it is a late complication in chronic ketamine abusers and is only partially reversible even with abstinence. This review discusses this rare entity's newer medical treatments and surgical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katsiari
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Yeong Eun Bae
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Krishna Patil
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
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Vizgan G, Huamán M, Rychik K, Edeson M, Blaivas JG. Ketamine-induced uropathy: A narrative systemic review of surgical outcomes of reconstructive surgery. BJUI COMPASS 2023; 4:377-384. [PMID: 37334018 PMCID: PMC10268589 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Refractory ketamine-induced uropathy (KU) (RKU) has devastating effects on the lower urinary tract leading to ureteral obstruction and even renal failure. The only effective treatment for RKU is major surgical reconstruction or urinary diversion. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of awareness about this destructive condition; the aim of this study is to conduct a narrative systemic review of all surgical outcomes of RKU. Methods This is an English language literature review of surgical outcomes in KU patients who underwent reconstructive lower urinary tract surgery or urinary diversion through 5 August 2022. Two independent researchers assessed the relevance of each paper and disputes were settled by a third party. In-vitro, animal studies, letters to the editor and papers that did not evaluate surgical outcomes were excluded. Results Of the 50 763 identified articles, 622 were relevant based on title, 150 based on abstract, but only 23 papers were relevant by content. In all, 875 patients were documented as having KU, of whom 193 (22%) underwent reconstructive surgery. The data were disconcerting, as the apparent rapid progression from the beginning of KU to end-stage bladder was only a 1-year difference of ketamine abuse between those patients who required surgery (4.4 years) and those that did not (3.4 years). Conclusions The data suggest that the time interval from the beginning of ketamine-induced uropathy to the end-stage bladder may be measured in months, confounding decision making. There is a dearth of literature about KU, and more research is needed to better understand this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vizgan
- SUNY DownstateBrooklynNew YorkUSA
- Department of UrologyInstitute for Bladder and Prostate ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Michael Huamán
- Department of UrologyInstitute for Bladder and Prostate ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin Rychik
- Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Max Edeson
- Hackensack Meridian School of MedicineNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jerry G. Blaivas
- SUNY DownstateBrooklynNew YorkUSA
- Department of UrologyInstitute for Bladder and Prostate ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of UrologyMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Sghaier A, Lamloum E, Debaibi M, Sridi A, Chouchene A. Surgical management of benign noninfected urachal cysts in adult patients: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:214. [PMID: 37221572 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of the urachus include the patent urachus, cysts, sinus, and fistula. Each of these entities represents a failure of complete obliteration of the urachus. Contrary to other urachus anomalies, urachal cysts are usually small and silent unless they are infected. The diagnosis is often made during childhood. A benign noninfected urachal cyst discovered in adulthood is a rare condition. CASE PRESENTATION Herein we report two cases of benign noninfected urachal cysts in adults. The first case is a 26-year-old Tunisian white man who presented with complaints of clear fluid draining from the base of the umbilicus evolving for a week, with no other associated symptoms. The other case was 27-year-old Tunisian white woman who was referred to the surgery department with a history of intermittent draining of clear fluid from the umbilicus. The two cases had laparoscopic resection of urachus cysts. DISCUSSION Laparoscopy represents a good alternative for the management of persistent or infected urachus, especially when this is suspected, despite a lack of radiological evidence. Laparoscopy in the management of urachal cysts is safe, effective, and offers good cosmesis, with all the advantages of a minimally invasive approach. CONCLUSION Managing persistent and symptomatic urachal anomalies requires a wide surgical excision. Such intervention is recommended to prevent symptom recurrence and complications, most notably malignant degeneration. A laparoscopic approach offers excellent outcomes, and is recommended to treat these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sghaier
- Hospital of The Forces and The Security of Interior La Marsa Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Eya Lamloum
- Hospital of The Forces and The Security of Interior La Marsa Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Debaibi
- Hospital of The Forces and The Security of Interior La Marsa Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azza Sridi
- Hospital of The Forces and The Security of Interior La Marsa Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adnene Chouchene
- Hospital of The Forces and The Security of Interior La Marsa Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Anderson DJ, Zhou J, Cao D, McDonald M, Guenther M, Hasoon J, Viswanath O, Kaye AD, Urits I. Ketamine-Induced Cystitis: A Comprehensive Review of the Urologic Effects of This Psychoactive Drug. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:38247. [PMID: 36118982 PMCID: PMC9476224 DOI: 10.52965/001c.38247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a common medical anesthetic and analgesic but is becoming more widely used as a recreational drug. Significant side effects on the urinary tract are associated with frequent recreational ketamine use most notably ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC). Regular ketamine consumption has been shown to increase the risk of cystitis symptoms by 3- to 4-fold, and cessation of ketamine use is usually associated with improvement of symptoms. Common KIC-related problems are urinary pain and discomfort, bladder epithelial barrier damage, reduced bladder storage and increased pressure, ureter stenosis, and kidney failure, all of which significantly impact patients' quality of life. Furthermore, it becomes a vicious cycle when KIC patients attempt to manage their urinary pain with increased ketamine use. The precise pathophysiology of KIC is still unknown but several theories exist, most of which highlight the inflammatory signaling pathways leading to bladder epithelium damage due to presence of ketamine in the urine. Empirical treatment options for KIC are available and consist of ketamine cessation, noninvasive therapies, and surgery, and should be decided upon based on the time course and severity of the disease. Of note, cessation of use is strongly recommended for all KIC patients, and should be supplemented with motivational interviews and psychological and social support. It is crucial for clinicians to be familiar with KIC diagnosis and treatment, and to be prepared to have informed discussions with ketamine-using patients about the potential health consequences of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Zhou
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - David Cao
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Matthew McDonald
- School of Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine
| | | | - Jamal Hasoon
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, Envision Physician Services; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix; Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesia, Louisiana State University Health
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
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6
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Molecular Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Ketamine-Related Cystitis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040502. [PMID: 35453701 PMCID: PMC9029571 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine was first synthesized as a clinical medicine for anesthesia in 1970. It has been used as a recreational drug because of its low cost and hallucination effect in the past decade. Part of ketamine abusers may experience ketamine-related cystitis (KC) and suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary frequency, urgency, and severe bladder pain. As the disease progression, a contracted bladder, petechial hemorrhage of the bladder mucosa, and ureteral stricture with hydronephrosis may occur. The pathophysiology of KC is still uncertain, although several hypotheses have been raised. Cessation of ketamine abuse is critical for the management of KC to prevent progressive disease, and effective treatment has not been established. Research has provided some theoretical bases for developing in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. This review summarized evidence of molecular mechanisms of KC and potential treatment strategies for KC. Further basic and clinical studies will help us better understand the mechanism and develop an effective treatment for KC.
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Xie X, Liang J, Huang R, Luo C, Yang J, Xing H, Zhou L, Qiao H, Ergu E, Chen H. Molecular pathways underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with ketamine cystitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21703. [PMID: 34105799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine cystitis (KC) is a chronic bladder inflammation leading to urinary urgency, frequency, and pain. The pathogenesis of KC is complicated and involves multiple tissue injuries in the bladder. Recent studies indicated that urothelium disruption, lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation, microvascular injury, neuropathological alterations, and bladder smooth muscle (BSM) abnormalities all contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Ketamine has been shown to induce these tissue injuries by regulating different signaling pathways. Ketamine can stimulate antiproliferative factor, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidative stress to disrupt urothelium. Lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation are associated with the activation of cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, immunoglobulin E, and transforming growth factor β1. Ketamine contributes to microvascular injury via the N-methyl-D aspartic receptor (NMDAR), and multiple inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosis factor α and vascular endothelial growth factor. For BSM abnormalities, ketamine can depress the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Cav1.2, and muscarinic receptor signaling. Elevated purinergic signaling also plays a role in BSM abnormalities. In addition, ketamine affects neuropathological alterations in the bladder by regulating NMDAR- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent signaling. Inflammatory cells also contribute to neuropathological changes via the secretion of chemical mediators. Clarifying the role and function of these signaling underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with KC can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to the design of effective treatments for KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Run Huang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuang Luo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongming Xing
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Erti Ergu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Yang XS, Chen Z, Duan JL, Pan B, Qin XP, Lei B, Lu YB, Li YT, Luo Y, Xu XL, Lai CY, Zhuo YM. Efficacy of cystectasia in the treatment of ketamine-induced bladder contracture. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1244-1251. [PMID: 32676407 PMCID: PMC7354329 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of ketamine-induced bladder contractures remains poorly studied. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of cystectasia with a sodium hyaluronate balanced solution in this kind of bladder contracture. Methods Eighteen patients presenting with ketamine-induced bladder contracture between July 2010 and February 2018 were selected and analysed. Ketamine was discontinued in all patients, who were then treated with weekly cystectasia (0.09% sodium hyaluronate balanced solution) 3 times. The volume of the first perfusion was twice the preoperatively measured bladder capacity, and the volume of the subsequent two perfusions was increased by 100 mL each time. The Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) symptom score, O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis (IC) Symptom Index (ICSI), IC Problem Index (ICPI), Quality of Life (QOL) score, and bladder capacity were recorded before surgery and 3 and 12 months after the 3rd expansion. Results No significant complications were observed during the 3 expansions. Fourteen patients completed the full follow-up schedule. Preoperatively and at the 3- and 12-month follow-up evaluations performed after the 3rd expansion, the PUF symptom scores were 20.4±3.6, 11.5±3.1, and 13.2±3.3, respectively; the mean ICSI was 13.6±2.8, 7.7±2.3, and 8.2±2.5, respectively; the mean ICPI was 10.6±2.6, 7.3±2.1, and 7.7±2.5, respectively; and the mean QOL scores were 6.0±0, 2.1±0.5, and 2.7±0.8, respectively; and the mean bladder catheter volume was 83±27, 234±56, and 228±52 mL, respectively. There were significant differences between all preoperative and postoperative values. Conclusions Cystectasia with a sodium hyaluronate balanced solution is an effective treatment modality for ketamine-induced bladder contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Li Duan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin Lei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang-Bai Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan, Guangdong, Dongguan 523320, China
| | - Cai-Yong Lai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhuo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Castellani D, Pirola GM, Gubbiotti M, Rubilotta E, Gudaru K, Gregori A, Dellabella M. What urologists need to know about ketamine-induced uropathy: A systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1049-1062. [PMID: 32212278 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ketamine is a general anesthetic. Dissociative effects and low cost led ketamine becoming an illegal recreational drug in young adults. Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is one of the complications observed in abusers. This study aimed to provide a systematic literature review on KIU clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatments. METHODS We performed the literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase using the terms ketamine and bladder. English papers on human and animal studies were accepted. RESULTS A total of 75 papers were selected. Regular ketamine users complain about severe storage symptoms and pelvic pain. Hydronephrosis may develop in long-term abusers and is correlated to the contracted bladder, ureteral stenosis, or vesicoureteral reflux due to ureteral involvement and/or bladder fibrosis. Cystoscopy shows ulcerative cystitis. Ketamine in urine might exert direct toxicity to the urothelium, disrupting its barrier function and enhancing cell apoptosis. The presence of ketamine/ions in the bladder wall result in neurogenic/IgE-mediated inflammation, stimulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase-cytokines-cyclooxygenase pathway with persistent inflammation and fibrosis. Abstinence is the first therapeutic step. Anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and anticholinergics, intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid, hydrodistension and intravesical injection of botulin toxin-A were helpful in patients with early-stage KIU. In patients with end-stage disease, the control of intractable symptoms and the increase of bladder capacity were the main recommendations to perform augmentation enterocystoplasty. CONCLUSIONS KIU is becoming a worldwide health concern, which should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo M Pirola
- Department of Urology, Usl Toscana Sud Est, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Marilena Gubbiotti
- Department of Urology, Usl Toscana Sud Est, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rubilotta
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Kalyan Gudaru
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Andrea Gregori
- Department of Urology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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10
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Lee W, Tain Y, Chuang Y, Tsai C, Yu C, Su C. Ba‐Wei‐Die‐Huang‐Wan (Hachimi‐jio‐gan) can ameliorate ketamine‐induced cystitis by modulating neuroreceptors, inflammatory mediators, and fibrogenesis in a rat model. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:2159-2169. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chia Lee
- Division of UrologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - You‐Lin Tain
- Division of UrologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Yao‐Chi Chuang
- Division of UrologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Center for Shock Wave Medicine and Tissue EngineeringKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Cheng‐Nan Tsai
- Division of UrologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Chun‐Chieh Yu
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Chia‐Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
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Misra S. Ketamine-Associated Bladder Dysfunction—a Review of the Literature. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-018-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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CHEN IC, LEE MH, CHEN WC, HU TC, LIN HY. Risk Factors of Lower Urinary Tract Syndrome among Ketamine Users. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2017; 10:281-286. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun CHEN
- Department of Psychiatry; Taichung General Veterans Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei LEE
- Department of Urology; Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taichung Taiwan
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih CHEN
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching HU
- Department of Rheumatology; Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ying LIN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taichung Taiwan
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