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Blasdel G, Borah L, Navarrete R, Howland R, Kuzon WM, Montgomery JS. "Prostatectomy after gender-affirming vaginoplasty for a transgender woman with prostate cancer". Urol Case Rep 2024; 56:102819. [PMID: 39220296 PMCID: PMC11363725 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 75 year old transgender woman 18 months post gender-affirming vaginoplasty found to have unfavorable, intermediate risk prostate cancer. She elected a robotic radical prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Postoperatively, the patient resumed neovaginal dilation without difficulty, and had improvements on International Prostate Symptom Score when compared to post-vaginoplasty, pre-prostatectomy. Incontinence measured by Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale remained mild. Robotic prostatectomy can, under appropriate circumstances, allow preservation of the neovaginal vault, but requires considerable experience and multidisciplinary intraoperative collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaines Blasdel
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luca Borah
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Howland
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William M. Kuzon
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Ocasio MA, Isabel Fernández M. The association between gender identity fluidity and health outcomes in transgender and gender diverse people in New Orleans and Los Angeles, USA. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102735. [PMID: 38689888 PMCID: PMC11059450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Most studies with transgender and gender diverse people (TGD) examine gender identity cross-sectionally. Gender identity and expression can fluctuate over time, which may have implications for health. The goal of our study was to compare mental health, substance use and healthcare utilization among 163 gender identity fluid (1 + identity change) and gender identity consistent (no change) TGD. Methods Participants were recruited in New Orleans, LA and Los Angeles, CA and assessed at four-month intervals over 24 months between 2017 and 2021. We conducted logistic regression models to test for associations between gender identity fluidity and health outcomes at 24 months. In post hoc analyses, we explore how controlling for cross-sectional report of gender identity at 24 months may impact the association between gender identity fluidity and health outcomes. Results We saw no significant differences across mental health and substance use indicators. Gender identity fluid participants had 5.9 times the adjusted odds (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 1.9-18.4) of no recent healthcare visit compared to gender identity consistent participants. After controlling for cross-sectional report of gender identity, the association between gender identity fluidity and no recent healthcare visit remained significant (aOR = 4.6; 95 % CI: 1.4-14.8). Conclusions Because providers have limited experience providing gender-affirming care or treating patients with fluid gender identities, gender identity fluid patients may avoid healthcare more than gender identity consistent patients. Our preliminary study highlights the need to measure gender identity longitudinally and examine the relationship between gender identity fluidity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Ocasio
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 966, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - M. Isabel Fernández
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Gómez-Ibáñez R, Leyva-Moral JM, Cruzado-Reyes A, Platero LR, Granel N, Watson CE. Describing Non-Binary People's Encounters with the Healthcare System: A Qualitative Study in Catalonia (Spain). ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1957-1967. [PMID: 38565788 PMCID: PMC11106161 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-binary people face numerous stressors in their daily lives, including personal, interpersonal, and environmental. These stressors gain strength when such individuals access healthcare services, and discrimination and cisgenderism become the main barrier to obtaining gender-affirming healthcare. This study aimed to describe the experiences of non-binary people regarding the care and medical attention received in Catalonia (Spain). A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with 21 non-binary people recruited using snowball sampling in 2022. Data were gathered through open-ended interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified, which were further classified into two categories each: Theme 1-This is me composed of the categories, "My Name and My Pronouns" and "One's Chosen Gender," and Theme 2-I do not exist for the health system consisting of "Uneducated Health System in Sexual Health" and "Feeling Like an Outsider for Being Non-Binary." Non-binary people face multiple stressors when accessing the healthcare services that makes them feel invisible, vulnerable, and marginalized. Further widespread implementation of person-centered care is essential to promote the relationship between non-binary people and the healthcare system. In addition, further sexual health training is required for all health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gómez-Ibáñez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda de Can Domènech, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermera Sobre Vulnerabilidad y Salud, Nursing Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Leyva-Moral
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda de Can Domènech, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermera Sobre Vulnerabilidad y Salud, Nursing Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Lucas R Platero
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Granel
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda de Can Domènech, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermera Sobre Vulnerabilidad y Salud, Nursing Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina E Watson
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Avinguda de Can Domènech, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermera Sobre Vulnerabilidad y Salud, Nursing Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Jecke L, Zepf FD. Delivering transgender-specific knowledge and skills into health and allied health studies and training: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1327-1354. [PMID: 37115277 PMCID: PMC11098887 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Many transgender individuals face inequities, discrimination, and sometimes even a lack of transgender-specific knowledge in health care settings. Educational curricula can address such disparities and help future health professionals to become more knowledgeable, confident, and well-prepared for addressing the needs of transgender individuals. This systematic review aims to summarize current training interventions about care of transgender individuals for health and allied health students, and to analyse the effects of the respective intervention. A total of six databases (Pubmed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and SciSearch) were screened for original articles published between 2017 and June 2021. Search terms and eligibility criteria were pre-specified, and after a structured selection process 21 studies were included into further analysis. Extracted data contained information on general study properties, population, design, program format and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize detected results. Study quality was assessed for each individual study. A self-developed 18-item checklist combining criteria of two prior published tools was used to assess overall quality of quantitative studies. For qualitative studies a 10-item checklist by Kmet et al. [HTA Initiat, 2004] was applied. Eligible studies were designed for multiple health or allied health profession students, and varied widely regarding program format, duration, content, and assessed outcomes. Almost all (N = 19) interventions indicated improvements in knowledge, attitude, confidence and comfort levels or practical skills concerning care for transgender clients. Major limitations included the lack of long-term data, validated assessment tools, control groups and comparative studies. Training interventions contribute to prepare future health professionals to deliver competent and sensitive care and which may improve the prospective experienced health care reality of transgender individuals. However, currently there is no common consensus about best practice of education. Additionally, little is known about whether detected effects of training interventions translate into noticeable improvements for transgender clients. Further studies are warranted to assess the direct impact of specific interventions in the light of the respective target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - F D Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany.
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Butler C. The Role of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Principles in Enhancing the Quality of Urologic Resident Education and Advancing Gender Diverse Care. Urol Clin North Am 2023; 50:541-547. [PMID: 37775213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This article will review the history of trans and gender diverse individuals in the medical field and suggest relevant content and methods to include in a diversity, equity, and inclusion curriculum. The hope is that the inclusion of these methods will help combat the barriers in place to receiving equitable and fair urologic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Butler
- University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Fascelli M, Sajadi KP, Dugi DD, Dy GW. Urinary symptoms after genital gender-affirming penile construction, urethral lengthening and vaginectomy. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:932-943. [PMID: 37305627 PMCID: PMC10251104 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals are seeking penile reconstruction in greater numbers; many pursue urethral lengthening surgery with a goal of voiding while standing. Changes in urinary function and urologic complications-i.e., urethrocutaneous fistulae and urinary stricture-are common. Familiarity with presenting symptoms and management strategies for urinary complaints after genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) can improve patient counseling and outcomes. We will describe current gender-affirming penile construction options with urethral lengthening and review associated urinary complications that present as urinary incontinence. The incidence and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms after metoidioplasty and phalloplasty are poorly characterized due to limited post-operative follow-up. Post-phalloplasty, urethrocutaneous fistula is the most common urethral complication, ranging in incidence from 15-70%. Assessment of concomitant urethral stricture is necessary. No standard technique exists for management of these fistula or strictures. Metoidioplasty studies report lower rates of stricture and fistula, 2% and 9% respectively. Other common voiding complaints include dribbling, urethral diverticula and vaginal remnants. History and physical exam in the post-GGAS evaluation require understanding of prior surgeries and attempted reconstructive efforts; adjuncts to physical exam include uroflowmetry, retrograde urethrography, voiding cysto-urethrogram, cystoscopy, and MRI. Following gender-affirming penile construction, TGNB patients may experience a host of urinary symptoms and complications that impact quality of life. Due to anatomic differences, symptoms require tailored evaluation which can be done by urologists in an affirming environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fascelli
- Urology, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Transgender Health Program, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kamran P. Sajadi
- Urology and Urogynecology, Transgender Health Program, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel D. Dugi
- Urology, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Transgender Health Program, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Geolani W. Dy
- Urology, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Transgender Health Program, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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Mitchell LA, Jacobs C, McEwen A. (In)visibility of LGBTQIA+ people and relationships in healthcare: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 114:107828. [PMID: 37301011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and map research into the visibility of LGBTQIA+ people and their relationships in healthcare, with the view to inform future research and practice. METHOD Five databases were systematically searched for published and grey literature. Primary research reporting on visibility of LGBTQIA+ people in healthcare was included. Two reviewers independently screened the studies until an acceptable level of agreement was reached. A narrative synthesis was conducted and findings mapped to a taxonomy of microaggressions involving three sub-categories: microinsults, microassaults and microinvalidations. RESULTS The microaggressions identified included Microinsults: 'Perception of health professionals' knowledge and comfort' and 'Disclosure'; Microassaults: 'Discrimination and stigma'; Microvalidations: 'Accessing and navigating through services', 'Encounters of assumptions and stereotypes', 'Validating identities and including relationships', and 'Reading the environment'. CONCLUSION Despite growing societal acceptance, microaggressions still exist within healthcare. Groups within LGBTQIA+ communities have varying levels of visibility in research and healthcare based on the studies included. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The limited visibility of LGBT and lack of visibility of QIA+ people and their relationships in healthcare highlight the need to include the views of all LGBTQIA+ communities in research, and to ensure health professionals and clinical services are equipped to address this (in)visibility gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Mitchell
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Clinical Translation and Engagement Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chris Jacobs
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison McEwen
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Creating an Inclusive Urology Practice. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2023; 18:131-138. [PMID: 36817083 PMCID: PMC9925931 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-023-00694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Patients seeking urologic care come from diverse backgrounds. Therefore, clinics should strive for inclusivity to make all patients feel comfortable seeing a urologist. This review aims to outline and analyze literature relevant to the care of LGTBQIA+ (lesbian, gay, transgender/transexual, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual/allies, nonbinary/genderqueer +), racial and ethnic minorities, those who have disabilities, and those with a high body mass index (BMI). Although this review article presents the care of diverse communities separately, there is an overlap of the various social axes influencing healthcare outcomes. Healthcare workers should be open-minded to learning about evolving community needs. Recent Findings Creating a safe space for LGTBQIA+ requires understanding terminology, awareness of community-specific challenges and health risks, and changing heteronormative behaviors built into medicine. Specific clinical care delivery structural processes and patient-physician-centered practices can make a clinic welcoming for patients from underrepresented backgrounds and with disabilities. BMI surgical requirements may pose barriers to care, and if implemented, there should be assistance to reach specified weight goals. Summary Creating an inclusive urology clinical practice takes time, but it can be achieved by building a collaborative team. Treating patients with consideration of their personal identities and social determinants of health will lead to better patient-center care and health outcomes.
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Chung PH, Swaminathan V, Spigner ST, Leong JY, Bulafka J, Frasso R. Genitourinary and Sexual Symptoms and Treatments in Transfeminine Individuals: A Qualitative Exploration of Patients' Needs. Sex Med 2022; 10:100566. [PMID: 36063656 PMCID: PMC9537262 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical providers may not be familiar with the genitourinary and sexual symptoms of transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals. This lack of familiarity may hinder a provider's ability to address these issues as patients may hesitate to report symptoms due to fear of stigma, misgendering, and being treated disrespectfully. AIM To describe the array of genitourinary and sexual symptoms in transfeminine individuals. METHODS Upon institutional review board approval, researchers used semi-structured interviews with 25 transfeminine individuals assigned male at birth to explore urinary and sexual symptoms on a sample of convenience. Participants were recruited and interviews were conducted until saturation was achieved. Two research assistants independently coded all de-identified transcripts and resolved discrepancies. OUTCOMES Thematic codes pertaining to genitourinary and sexual symptoms were defined and assessed in this study. RESULTS Some genitourinary symptoms unrelated to hormone therapy or genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) included frequency, urgency, nocturia, and incontinence, while those attributed to GGAS included slow stream, spraying, and retention. Sexual symptoms unrelated to hormone therapy or GGAS included sexually transmitted infections, erectile dysfunction, and low libido. Sexual symptoms related to GGAS included delayed ejaculation, penile pain, scar tissue pain, and pain with receptive vaginal penetration. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Increased provider awareness of and accountability for the treatment of genital and sexual symptoms of transfeminine individuals. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Open-ended questions were used to generate a range of responses and perspectives through conversation instead of quantifiable data. Findings are not applicable to all TGNB people since participants were limited to transfeminine adults assigned male at birth only. Recruitment was limited by the sensitive nature of the topic and hard-to-reach populations and relied on convenience through flyers and a chain-referral sampling approach. CONCLUSION Transfeminine individuals experience a wide array of genitourinary and sexual symptoms both similar and different to their cis gender counterparts. Chung PH, Swaminathan V, Spigner S, et al. Genitourinary and Sexual Symptoms and Treatments in Transfeminine Individuals: A Qualitative Exploration of Patients' Needs. Sex Med 2022;10:100566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Chung
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vishal Swaminathan
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabina T Spigner
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joon Yau Leong
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Bulafka
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosemary Frasso
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Carlson KJ, Irwin JA, Dowdall JR, Figy SC, Amoura NJ. Integrated Comprehensive Care for Transcare and Gender Diverse Clinic Patients: An Assessment of Physical, Mental, and Social Needs. Cureus 2021; 13:e20544. [PMID: 35070571 PMCID: PMC8765569 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a large body of research reporting the healthcare needs of groups identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ); however, a gap exists in the research literature because many epidemiological studies focus on sexual orientation rather than gender identify/incongruence. To address the lack of specific data from transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, our organization designed and deployed a survey to assess the gender-affirming physical, mental, and social care needs of current patients. Methods A group of subspecialty physicians currently working with TGD patients created a list of questions and requested feedback from medical professionals familiar with the healthcare needs of this population. In addition, patients reviewed the survey for content and clarity. The final 68-item survey was distributed in April 2020 to patients or patients' representatives with an email address on file at the Nebraska Medicine Transgender Care Clinic (NMTCC). Participants were asked to respond to questions regarding their gender identity, their transition-related medical decisions, and their interest in services. Results Invitations were sent to 690 patients and 168 surveys were completed (response rate: 24.3%). Over 90% (n = 153) of the participants were patients and 9% (n = 15) answered survey questions on the patient’s behalf. A majority (77.2%) had started the medical transition (hormones or puberty blockers) in the past four years. Nearly half (46.4%) identified as trans women, 43.4% identified as trans men, and 10.2% indicated they were nonbinary or gender expansive. Participants' sex assigned at birth was 50.9% female and 46.1% male. Most patients (n = 149; 92%) reported currently receiving hormone treatment within the Nebraska Medicine healthcare system. Results indicated the highest level of clinical services interest was primary care (38.4%), gender-affirming surgery (73.5%), voice therapy (49.0%), and hair removal (37.5%). In addition, participants were very likely to participate in support groups with "people of similar gender identity" (32.9%), with "others around my age" (28.6%), and "including a mix of ages and identities" (26.9%). Discussion This study suggests that our TGD patients would utilize integrated services to access a variety of clinical and non-clinical services. Ongoing community engagement and direct feedback from patients are critical to the success and growth of our gender-affirming care clinic. The results of this study will inform the planning and further evolution of a program designed to build trust and address health inequities for TGD individuals throughout the region.
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Sineath RC, Blasdel G, Dy GW. Addressing urologic health disparities in sexual and gender minority communities through patient-centered outcomes research. Urology 2021; 166:66-75. [PMID: 34774931 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities face stigma and discrimination that impact all aspects of health. To better understand and improve their urologic health outcomes, we must study SGM patients as a distinct population and pursue research on outcomes identified as priorities to SGM communities. Patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) is a methodology which is increasingly familiar to urologists and is crucial to adequately addressing SGM health in future urological research. We review existing literature focused on urologic outcomes of SGM populations and highlight specific PCOR initiatives built on SGM community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Craig Sineath
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Gaines Blasdel
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Geolani W Dy
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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