1
|
Influence of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on the Uptake of PSMA-Targeted Agents: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 51:202-211. [PMID: 28878845 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-016-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an attractive target for both diagnosis and therapy because of its high expression in the vast majority of prostate cancers. Development of small molecules for targeting PSMA is important for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer. Recent evidence implies that androgen-deprivation therapy increase PSMA-ligand uptake in some cases. The reported upregulations in PSMA-ligand uptake after exposure to second-generation antiandrogens such as enzalutamide and abiraterone might disturb PSMA-targeted imaging for staging and response monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with antiandrogen-based drugs. On the other hand, second-generation antiandrogens are emerging as potential endoradio-/chemosensitizers. Therefore, the enhancement of the therapeutic efficiency of PSMA-targeted theranostic methods can be listed as a new capability of antiandrogens. In this manuscript, we will present what is currently known about the mechanism of increasing PSMA uptake following exposure to antiandrogens. In addition, we will discuss whether these above-mentioned antiandrogens could play the role of endoradio-/chemosensitizers in combination with the well-established PSMA-targeted methods for pre-targeting of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Xue W, Xiang H, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Jiao L, Jiao Z. Cathelicidin PR-39 peptide inhibits hypoxia/reperfusion-induced kidney cell apoptosis by suppression of the endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:714-22. [PMID: 27353320 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney damage, which often occurs in deceased donor kidney transplants. Cathelicidin PR-39 peptide possesses anti-inflammatory and wound repair effects through tissue angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis. This study assessed the role of PR-39 in anti-apoptosis in vitro using a lentiviral vector with a kidney specific promoter (KSP) to drive PR-39 expression. Our data revealed that PR-39 peptide was specifically over-expressed in kidney-derived HK-2 cells, but was scarcely detected in non-kidney tissue-derived cells. PR-39 over-expression had a protective role in the hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) treated cells. The anti-apoptotic activity of PR-39 peptide was mediated by the inhibition of caspase-2, caspase-12 and caspase-3 activity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptotic pathway. It was also revealed that the anti-apoptotic effect of PR-39 peptide was mediated by an apoptosis-related protein, cellular inhibitor apoptosis protein-2 (c-IAP-2). Taken together, the current data demonstrate that PR-39 expression driven by KSP could prevent kidney damage (apoptosis) from IRI via the ER stress-induced apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Heli Xiang
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lizi Jiao
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zizhao Jiao
- Department of Kidney Transplant, Hospital of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao H, Huang Z, Shi C, Li H. Construction and detection of the tissue-specific pINV-HPV16 E6/7 vector. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:857-862. [PMID: 25621060 PMCID: PMC4301524 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tissue-specific promoter can control downstream gene expression in tissues or organs. The human involucrin (hINV) promoter (pINV) that contains 2474 bp of hINV upstream sequence is able to regulate tissue-specific gene expression. This tissue specificity may be important for the prevention and treatment of human papilloma virus infections. pINV was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and the human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/7 gene was obtained from the cancer tissue samples of patients with cervical carcinoma at the Yangzhou Maternal and China Health-Care Center of Jinagsu Province (Yangzhou, China). First, specific primers were designed according to the genomic DNA sequence of the HPV16-type standard strain that has been reported and the E6/7 gene was acquired by PCR. The carcinogenic fraction of the E6/7 gene was removed and the remaining section was cloned into T vectors, sequenced correctly and then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCEP4, which was lacking the CMV promoter. The positive recombinants were identified using blue-white screening and endonuclease digestion, subsequent to sequencing and analysis, and the tissue-specific recombinant pINV-HPV16E6/7 plasmids was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Chenlong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Houda Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cell-selective gene silencing in prostate cancer LNCap cells using prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter and enhancer in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:863-72. [PMID: 22612256 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNAi (RNA interference) has been widely used to silence specific genes. However, RNAi may also cause off-target silencing and elicit non-specific side effects. To achieve cell-specific gene silencing, a cell-selective promoter has to be used to drive RNAi expression. Furthermore, different terminators of cell-selective promoters may cause different silencing efficacies. In order to explore the best promoter and terminator combination and prove the cell-selective gene silencing effect of PSMAe/p (prostate-specific membrane antigen enhancer/promoter), we first constructed three plasmids by using PSMAe/p and three different terminators [poly(A), minipoly(A) and poly(U)] to explore the cell-selective driving ability of PSMAe/p by targeting EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) in LNCaP, PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. Then we chose NS (nucleostemin), an important endogenous gene of prostate cancer, and constructed the NS-targeting shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) expression plasmid by using PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and early apoptosis in vitro and xenograft tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice in vivo were detected after NS knockdown. Results showed that PSMAe/p can drive EGFP silencing in LNCaP, not in PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 cells and PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination achieved the best silencing efficacy. Then PSMAe/p-shNS-poly(A) drives NS knockdown in LNCaP cells, not in PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated NS knockdown not only reduces cell proliferation rate, reduces the percentage of S-stage cells and increases the percentage of G1-stage cells and increases the early apoptosis ratio in LNCaP cells in vitro, but also inhibited the LNCaP xenograft tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice in vivo by intratumoural injection. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination is a promising delivery system for targeted RNAi gene therapy of prostate cancer. We showed one effective antitumour strategy by targeting NS protein, an important target in prostate cancer, with PSMAe/p-shNS-poly(A). These results serve as an important step for developing novel strategies to treat prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao LY, Mao XP, Chao KY, Guo SJ, Qiu SP. Prostate-specific membrane antigen can promote in vivo osseous metastasis of prostate cancer cells in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:737-45. [PMID: 22584637 PMCID: PMC3854248 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports remain insufficient on whether and how prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can influence in vivo osseous metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, the authors induced stable expression of PSMA in mouse PCa cell line RM-1. In vivo osseous metastasis was induced in 37 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice weighing 22.45 ± 0.456 g. RM-1 cells were actively injected into the femoral bone cavity, leading to bilateral dissymmetry of bone density in the femoral bone. Tumor cells were also detected in bone tissue by pathological examination. The impact on bone density was demonstrated by the significant difference between animals injected with RM-PSMA cells (0.0738 ± 0.0185 g/cm2) and animals injected with RM-empty plasmid cells (0.0895 ± 0.0241 g/cm2). The lytic bone lesion of the RM-PSMA group (68.4%) was higher than that of the control group (27.8%). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was distinctly higher in the RM-PSMA group than in the control group, while ELISA and Western blot assay indicated that VEGF and MMP-9 were higher in the RM-PSMA group compared to the control group (in vitro). Thus, the present study proposed and then confirmed for the first time that PSMA can promote in vivo osseous metastasis of PCa by increasing sclerotic destruction of PCa cells. Further analyses also suggested that PSMA functions positively on the invasive ability of RM-1 by increasing the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF by osseous metastases in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Huangpu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo Z, Huang H, Zeng L, Du T, Xu K, Lin T, Jiang C, Dong W, Cao Y, Chen J, Zhong W, Huang J. Lentivirus-mediated RNAi knockdown of prostate-specific membrane antigen suppresses growth, reduces migration ability and the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. Med Oncol 2012; 28:878-87. [PMID: 20390466 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen is a type II membrane protein with folate hydrolase activity produced by prostatic epithelium. It has been demonstrated that prostate-specific membrane antigen over-expression may be correlated with prostate cancer, particularly in advanced cancer. The aim of the current study was to explore the possibility of prostate-specific membrane antigen as a therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. To address this problem, lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA was employed to reduce endogenous prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in prostate cancer cell lines—LNCaP and DU-145. Then, the tumorigenesis, migration ability and invasiveness of prostate-specific membrane antigen-reduced prostate cancer cell lines were also examined. The prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in LNCaP and DU-145 cells was persistently and markedly reduced by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. Down-regulation of prostate-specific membrane antigen expression significantly suppressed the growth rates of LNCaP and DU-145 cells. Moreover, the specific down-regulation arrested cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Furthermore, we also observed that the silence of prostate-specific membrane antigen could decrease the migration ability and the invasiveness of LNCaP and DU-145 cells. Our investigation demonstrated that lentivirus-mediated RNA interference silencing targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen might reduce the proliferation, and induce potent antitumor activity of LNCaP and DU-145 cells. Prostate-specific membrane antigen has considerable potential as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilson NH, Stoeckli ET. Cell type specific, traceable gene silencing for functional gene analysis during vertebrate neural development. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e133. [PMID: 21824915 PMCID: PMC3203593 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genes have several, sometimes divergent functions during development. Therefore, timing of gene knockdown for functional analysis during development has to be done with precise temporal control, as loss of a gene's function at early stages prevents its analysis later in development. RNAi, in combination with the accessibility of chicken embryos, is an effective approach for temporally controlled analysis of gene function during neural development. Here, we describe novel plasmid vectors that contain cell type-specific promoters/enhancers to drive the expression of a fluorescent marker, followed directly by a miR30-RNAi transcript for gene silencing. These vectors allow for direct tracing of cells experiencing gene silencing by the bright fluorescence. The level of knockdown is sufficient to reproduce the expected pathfinding defects upon perturbation of genes with known axon guidance functions. Mixing different vectors prior to electroporation enables the simultaneous knockdown of multiple genes in independent regions of the spinal cord. This permits complex cellular and molecular interactions to be examined during development, in a fast and precise manner. The advancements of the in ovo RNAi technique that we describe will not only markedly enhance functional gene analysis in the chicken, but also could be adapted to other organisms in developmental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H Wilson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coulter JA, Page NL, Worthington J, Robson T, Hirst DG, McCarthy HO. Transcriptional regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene therapy: targeting early stage and advanced prostate cancer. J Gene Med 2010; 12:755-65. [PMID: 20821746 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the tumour type specific human osteocalcin (hOC) promoter, we have previously reported strong promoter activation in hormone independent prostate cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, we present a comparative study of the tissue specific promoter prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the tumour-type specific hOC promoter driving the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transgene using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed by clonogenic assay. Quantification of nitric oxide expression was determined by the Griess test. In vivo anti-tumour efficacy was determined by tumour growth delay following direct intra-tumoural injection of the constructs into PC3 xenografts. In addition, tumours were dissected post mortem and examined for morphological differences as well as changes in apoptotic protein expression. RESULTS PSMA/iNOS produced cytotoxicity in both androgen dependant and independent cell lines. Nitric oxide quantification confirmed that increased cytotoxicity was directly associated with nitric oxide production. Tumour growth delays were observed in all groups treated with the iNOS-expressing constructs ranging from 10.7 days for the hOC/iNOS single dose treatment group to a maximum of 52.2 days for the hOC/iNOS multiple dose group. Intra-tumoural assessment of iNOS and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein expression demonstrated a significant up-regulation of both proteins, indicating cytotoxicity mediated through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Highly significant tumour growth delay coupled with no detrimental side-effects were observed following treatment with the PSMA/iNOS and hOC/iNOS constructs. We consider that these findings provide a basis for the development of systemically delivered PSMA/iNOS or hOC/iNOS targeting early stage and advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang SL, Yao HH, Qin ZH. Strategies for short hairpin RNA delivery in cancer gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:1357-68. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590903236843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
10
|
Reis LO, Pereira TC, Favaro WJ, Cagnon VHA, Lopes-Cendes I, Ferreira U. Experimental animal model and RNA interference: a promising association for bladder cancer research. World J Urol 2009; 27:353-61. [PMID: 19214530 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-009-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
He S, Zhang D, Cheng F, Gong F, Guo Y. Applications of RNA interference in cancer therapeutics as a powerful tool for suppressing gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 36:2153-63. [PMID: 19117119 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer poses a tremendous therapeutic challenge worldwide, highlighting the critical need for developing novel therapeutics. A promising cancer treatment modality is gene therapy, which is a form of molecular medicine designed to introduce into target cells genetic material with therapeutic intent. The history of RNA interference (RNAi) has only a dozen years, however, further studies have revealed that it is a potent method of gene silencing that has developed rapidly over the past few years as a result of its extensive importance in the study of genetics, molecular biology and physiology. RNAi is a natural process by which small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplex directs sequence specific post-transcriptional silencing of homologous genes by binding to its complementary mRNA and triggering its elimination. RNAi has been extensively used as a novel and effective gene silencing tool for the fundamental research of cancer therapeutics, and has displayed great potential in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- Molecular Medicine & Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|