1
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Olah C, Reis H, Hoffmann MJ, Mairinger F, Ting S, Hadaschik B, Krafft U, Grünwald V, Nyirady P, Varadi M, Győrffy B, Kiss A, Szekely E, Sjödahl G, Szarvas T. Predictive value of molecular subtypes and APOBEC3G for adjuvant chemotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5222-5232. [PMID: 36204983 PMCID: PMC10028049 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although targeted approaches have become available in second- and third-line settings, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment for advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Therefore, the prediction of platinum resistance is of utmost clinical importance. METHODS In this study, we established a routine compatible method for the molecular classification of MIBC samples according to various classification systems and applied this method to evaluate the impact of subtypes on survival after adjuvant chemotherapy. This retrospective study included 191 patients with advanced MIBC (pT≥3 or pN+) who underwent radical cystectomy, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. A 48-gene panel and classifier rule set were established to determine molecular subtypes according to TCGA, MDA, LundTax, and Consensus classifications. Additionally, 12 single platinum-predictive candidate genes were assessed. The results were correlated with patients' clinicopathological and follow-up data and were validated using independent data sets. RESULTS Our final evaluation of 159 patients demonstrated better survival in the luminal groups for those who received chemotherapy compared with those who did not. In contrast, no such differences were observed in basal subtypes. The use of chemotherapy was associated with better survival in patients with high APOBEC3G expression (p < 0.002). This association was confirmed using an independent data set of patients who received neoadjuvant platinum therapy. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method robustly replicates the most commonly used transcriptome-based subtype classifications from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The luminal, but not basal, molecular subtypes had the greatest benefit from adjuvant platinum therapy. We identified and validated APOBEC3G as a novel predictive marker for platinum-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Olah
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krafft
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Varadi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics and Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szekely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gottfrid Sjödahl
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Jin W, Zhang H, Li M, Lin S. Long Noncoding RNA Regulator of Reprogramming Regulates Cell Growth, Metastasis, and Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer via miR-519d-3p/HMGA2 Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:122-131. [PMID: 32614615 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor found worldwide, and cisplatin is the first-line agent for the treatment of GC. However, the resistance to cisplatin is an obstacle. Here, we explored the biological mechanism of long noncoding RNA regulator of reprogramming (ROR) in the cisplatin resistance of GC. Materials and Methods: ROR, miR-519d-3p, and high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) expression in GC tissues and cells were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The relative protein expression was detected by Western blot. The interactions between miR-519d-3p and ROR, HMGA2 were predicted using miRcode and starBase v2.0 online database, and then verified by dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, the xenograft tumor mouse model was constructed to verify the biological role of ROR in vivo. Results: The levels of ROR, HMGA2 were significantly upregulated, and miR-519d-3p was apparently downregulated in GC tissues and cells. The miRcode and starBase v2.0 online websites and dual luciferase reporter assay validated that miR-519d-3p directly interacted with ROR and HMGA2. Furthermore, ROR knockdown downregulated HMGA2 to restrain cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cisplatin resistance in GC cells by targeting miR-519d-3p. In addition, the depletion of ROR repressed the xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: In conclusion, we first found the ROR/miR-519d-3p/HMGA2 regulatory network to regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and cisplatin resistance in GC, and this may shed light on the GC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Computer Tomography (CT), The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Wolf P. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins as therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124600. [PMID: 36845731 PMCID: PMC9950391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) contribute to this hallmark by suppressing the induction of cell death. IAPs were found to be overexpressed in cancerous tissues and to contribute to therapeutic resistance. The present review focuses on the IAP members cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, Survivin and Livin and their importance as potential therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Philipp Wolf,
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4
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Kong C, Zhang S, Lei Q, Wu S. State-of-the-Art Advances of Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100796. [PMID: 36290934 PMCID: PMC9599190 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Cystoscopy, urine cytology, and CT are the routine diagnostic methods. However, there are some problems such as low sensitivity and difficulty in staging, which must be urgently supplemented by novel diagnostic methods. Surgery, intravesical instillation, systemic chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the main clinical treatments for bladder cancer. It is difficult for conventional treatment to deal with tumor recurrence, progression and drug resistance. In addition, the treatment agents usually have the defects of poor specific distribution ability to target tumor tissues and side effects. The rapid development of nanomedicine has brought hope for the treatment of bladder cancer in reducing side effects, enhancing tumor inhibition effects, and anti-drug resistance. Overall, we review the new progression of nano-platforms in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfan Kong
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qifang Lei
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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5
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Chen F, Zhang H, Wang J. Circular RNA CircSHKBP1 accelerates the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem cell-like properties via modulation of microR-766-5p/high mobility group AT-hook 2 axis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11551-11563. [PMID: 35502885 PMCID: PMC9275975 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignancy in head and neck. Circular SHKBP1 (circSHKBP) exerts momentous functions in the occurrence of many cancers including LSCC. Thus, we investigated the oncogenic capacities of circSHKBP1 in LSCC, and revealed the underlying mechanism as a competing endogenous RNA. The expression levels of circSHKBP1, miR-766-5p, and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and their influences on the overall survival were measured by Kaplan–Meier method. The correlations between circSHKBP1 and miR-766-5p or HMGA2 were detected by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. In vitro, the influences of circSHKBP1/miR-766-5p/HMGA2 axis on the tumorigenesis of LSCC were examined by CCK-8, transwell, sphere formation, and angiogenesis assays, respectively. circSHKBP1 expression was up-regulated in the LSCC specimens and cell lines. And elevated circSHKBP1 expression was closely linked to poor prognosis. Silencing circSHKBP1 expression restrained cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell-like properties and tumor growth. We observed that miR-766-5p was down-regulated and negatively correlated to circSHKBP1 in LSCC samples. However, HMGA2 was highly expressed and positively associated with circSHKBP1 in these specimens. Importantly, the levels of circSHKBP1, miR-766-5p, and HMGA2 were closely associated with patients’ clinical parameters including lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stages. Mechanistic analysis clarified that circSHKBP1 sponged miR-766-5p to regulate HMGA2, the target of miR-766-5p. Moreover, miR-766-5p inhibition and overexpression of HMGA2 rescued the tumor-suppressing roles of circSHKBP1 downregulation in LSCC. In conclusion, circSHKBP1 accelerated the tumorigenesis of LSCC via modulating HMGA2 by targeting miR-766-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Wessolly M, Mairinger FD, Herold T, Hadaschik B, Szarvas T, Reis H. Proteasomal Processing Immune Escape Mechanisms in Platinum-Treated Advanced Bladder Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030422. [PMID: 35327977 PMCID: PMC8948673 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number and type of treatment options in advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been rapidly evolving. To select an effective therapy and spare unnecessary side effects, predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. As the host’s anti-cancer immune response is by far the most effective system to impede malignant tumor growth, immune system-based biomarkers are promising. We have recently described altered proteasomal epitope processing as an effective immune escape mechanism to impair cytotoxic T-cell activity. By altering the neoantigens’ characteristics through different proteasomal peptide cleavage induced by non-synonymous somatic mutations, the ability for T-cell activation was decreased (“processing escapes”). In the present study, we analyzed primary chemo-naïve tissue samples of 26 adjuvant platinum-treated urothelial BC patients using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel followed by the epitope determination of affected genes, a machine-learning based prediction of epitope processing and proteasomal cleavage and of HLA-affinity as well as immune activation. Immune infiltration (immunohistochemistries for CD8, granzyme B, CD45/LCA) was digitally quantified by a pathologist and clinico-pathological and survival data were collected. We detected 145 epitopes with characteristics of a processing escape associated with a higher number of CD8-positive but lower number of granzyme B-positive cells and no association with PD-L1-expression. In addition, a high prevalence of processing escapes was associated with unfavorable overall survival. Our data indicate the presence of processing escapes in advanced BC, potentially creating a tumor-promoting pro-inflammatory environment with lowered anti-cancerous activity and independence from PD-L1-expression. The data also need to be prospectively validated in BC treated with immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (F.D.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Fabian D. Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (F.D.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (F.D.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.H.); (T.S.)
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University Budapest, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.W.); (F.D.M.); (T.H.)
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-4514
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7
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Qiu F, Liu Q, Xia Y, Jin H, Lin Y, Zhao X. Circ_0000658 knockdown inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer via miR-498-induced HMGA2 downregulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:22. [PMID: 35031054 PMCID: PMC8759287 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with the angiogenesis and oncogenic phenotypes of multiple malignant tumors including bladder cancer (BCa). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized as crucial regulators in the EMT. This study aims to illustrate the possible role of circular RNA_0000658 (circ_0000658) in BCa and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The expression of circ_0000658, microRNA (miR)-498, and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) was assessed in cancer and adjacent normal tissue collected from BCa patients and human BCa cell lines (MGH-U3, T24, 5637 and SW780). BCa cells were transduced with a series of overexpression or shRNA plasmids to clarify the function of circ_0000658 and miR-498 on the oncogenic phenotypes and EMT of BCa cells. Further, we established nude mice xenografted with BCa cells to validate the roles of circ_0000658 on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Circ_0000658 was highly expressed in BCa tissue samples and cell lines, which indicated a poor prognosis of BCa patients. Circ_0000658 competitively bound to miR-498 and thus restricted miR-498 expression. Meanwhile, circ_0000658 weakened the binding of miR-498 to the target gene HMGA2 and upregulated the HMGA2 expression. Circ_0000658 elevation or miR-498 knockdown augmented oncogenic phenotypes and EMT of BCa cells, corresponding to a reduction in the expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin as well as an increase in the expression of N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, ZEB1 and Twist. Inhibition of HMGA2 reversed the effects of circ_0000658 overexpression on tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study uncovered the tumor-promoting role of circ_0000658 in BCa via the miR-498/HMGA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuchen Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanfu Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hengxi Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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8
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Tan S, Fu L, Dong Q. AATF is Overexpressed in Human Bladder Cancer and Regulates Chemo-Sensitivity Through Survivin. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 14:5493-5505. [PMID: 35002255 PMCID: PMC8721289 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s319734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) has been reported to be closely associated with human cancers. However, its involvement in human bladder cancer (BC) remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological roles of AATF in human bladder cancers. Methods AATF protein expression was examined in 107 cases of bladder cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. AATF plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown were performed in T24 and 5637 cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, annexin V/PI, JC-1 staining, and Western blotting were carried out to investigate the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of AATF in bladder cancer cells. Results Our results showed that AATF expression was upregulated in human bladder cancer specimens and correlated with T stage. Analysis of the Oncomine database showed elevation of AATF mRNA in BC tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data suggested that high AATF expression correlated with poor patient survival. Western blotting showed that AATF protein expression was higher in BC cell lines compared to normal bladder transitional epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1. CCK-8 and colony assays showed that ectopic AATF expression upregulated cell growth rate and colony numbers. CCK-8, annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), JC-1 assays and Western blotting showed that AATF overexpression decreased cisplatin sensitivity, downregulated cisplatin-induced apoptosis and upregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, with decreased cytochrome c and cleaved-PARP expression. AATF siRNA knockdown showed the opposite effects. Mechanistically, AATF overexpression upregulated cyclin E and Survivin at both mRNA and protein levels. The decreased cisplatin sensitivity/apoptosis induced by ectopic AATF were reversed after treatment with Survivin inhibitor YM155. Conclusion Our results showed that AATF was overexpressed in human bladder cancers and promoted malignant behavior by regulating cyclin E and Survivin, indicating AATF could serve as a malignant biomarker and potential therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Tan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University and Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianze Dong
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University and Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zheng J, Huang J, Liang Z. Acetyltransferase P300 Inhibits the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of Esophageal Cancer via Survivin Acetylation. Chin Med 2022. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2022.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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10
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Li J, Cao J, Li P, Yao Z, Deng R, Ying L, Tian J. Construction of a novel mRNA-signature prediction model for prognosis of bladder cancer based on a statistical analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:858. [PMID: 34315402 PMCID: PMC8314557 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignancy neoplasm diagnosed in advanced stages in most cases. It is crucial to screen ideal biomarkers and construct a more accurate prognostic model than conventional clinical parameters. The aim of this research was to develop and validate an mRNA-based signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Methods The RNA-seq data was downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in three datasets, and prognostic genes were identified from the training set of TCGA dataset. The common genes between DEGs and prognostic genes were narrowed down to six genes via Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression. Then the gene-based risk score was calculated via Cox coefficient. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis were used to assess the prognostic power of risk score. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to construct a nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA), calibration curves, and time-dependent ROC were performed to assess the nomogram. Finally, functional enrichment of candidate genes was conducted to explore the potential biological pathways of candidate genes. Results SORBS2, GPC2, SETBP1, FGF11, APOL1, and H1–2 were screened to be correlated with the prognosis of BC patients. A nomogram was constructed based on the risk score, pathological stage, and age. Then, the calibration plots for the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS were predicted well in entire TCGA-BLCA patients. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that the clinical value of the nomogram was higher than the stage model and TNM model in predicting overall survival analysis. The time-dependent ROC curves indicated that the nomogram had higher predictive accuracy than the stage model and risk score model. The AUC of nomogram time-dependent ROC was 0.763, 0.805, and 0.806 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of candidate genes suggested several pathways and mechanisms related to cancer. Conclusions In this research, we developed an mRNA-based signature that incorporated clinical prognostic parameters to predict BC patient prognosis well, which may provide a novel prognosis assessment tool for clinical practice and explore several potential novel biomarkers related to the prognosis of patients with BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08611-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ying
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China. .,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Zhu M, Wang Y, Wang F, Li L, Qiu X. CircFBXL5 promotes the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer via modulating miR-216b/HMGA2 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:384. [PMID: 34281530 PMCID: PMC8287742 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be relevant to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance of breast cancer. Nevertheless, how and whether circRNA F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5 (circFBXL5) regulates the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer is uncertain. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of circFBXL5 in the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer. Methods Thirty nine paired breast cancer and normal tissues were harvested. circFBXL5, microRNA-216b (miR-216b) and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) abundances were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, 5-FU resistance, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were tested via cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing analysis, transwell analysis, and flow cytometry. The relationship of miR-216b and circFBXL5 or HMGA2 was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA pull-down assay. The impact of circFBXL5 on breast cancer tumor growth in vivo was analyzed via xenograft model. Results circFBXL5 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells, and was more upregulated in 5-FU-resistant breast cancer cells. Function experiments showed that circFBXL5 knockdown inhibited the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer by inhibiting cell migration, invasion and promoting apoptosis. In the terms of mechanism, miR-216b could be sponged by circFBXL5, and its inhibitor could also reverse the influence of circFBXL5 silencing on the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer cells. In addition, HMGA2 was a target of miR-216b, and its overexpression also reversed the regulation of miR-216b overexpression on the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer. Furthermore, circFBXL5 interference declined breast cancer tumor growth in xenograft model. Conclusion Our data showed that circFBXL5 could promote the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer by regulating miR-216b/HMGA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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12
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Li Y, Lu W, Yang J, Edwards M, Jiang S. Survivin as a biological biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1429-1441. [PMID: 33877952 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1918672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Survivin (SVN) is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family that promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Overexpression of SVN is associated with autoimmune disease, hyperplasia, and tumors and can be used as a biomarker in these diseases. SVN is widely recognized as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and has become an important target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Areas covered: We reviewed SVN research progress from the PubMed and clinical trials focused on SVN from https://clinicaltrials.gov since 2000 and anticipate future developments in the field. The trials reviewed cover various modalities including diagnostics for early detection and disease progression, small molecule inhibitors of the SVN pathway and immunotherapy targeting SVN epitopes.Expert opinion: The most promising developments involve anti-SVN immunotherapy, with several therapeutic SVN vaccines under evaluation in phase I/II trials. SVN is an important new immune-oncology target that expands the repertoire of individualized combination treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Li
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshu Lu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Edwards
- Department of Research and Development, Oxford Vacmedix UK Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - Shisong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Research and Development, Oxford Vacmedix UK Ltd, Oxford, UK
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13
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Ashrafizadeh M, Delfi M, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Bagherian M, Azami N, Farahani MV, Sharifzadeh SO, Hamzehlou S, Hushmandi K, Makvandi P, Zarrabi A, Hamblin MR, Varma RS. Biomedical application of chitosan-based nanoscale delivery systems: Potential usefulness in siRNA delivery for cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117809. [PMID: 33712155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging and promising strategy in cancer therapy where small interfering RNA (siRNA) system has been deployed for down-regulation of targeted gene and subsequent inhibition in cancer progression; some issues with siRNA, however, linger namely, its off-targeting property and degradation by enzymes. Nanoparticles can be applied for the encapsulation of siRNA thus enhancing its efficacy in gene silencing where chitosan (CS), a linear alkaline polysaccharide derived from chitin, with superb properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability and solubility, can play a vital role. Herein, the potential of CS nanoparticles has been discussed for the delivery of siRNA in cancer therapy; proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance are suppressed by siRNA-loaded CS nanoparticles, especially the usage of pH-sensitive CS nanoparticles. CS nanoparticles can provide a platform for the co-delivery of siRNA and anti-tumor agents with their enhanced stability via chemical modifications. As pre-clinical experiments are in agreement with potential of CS-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, and these carriers possess biocompatibiliy and are safe, further studies can focus on evaluating their utilization in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Farid Hashemi
- PhD Student of Pharmacology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagherian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Hamzehlou
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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14
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HMGA2 as a Critical Regulator in Cancer Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020269. [PMID: 33668453 PMCID: PMC7917704 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group protein 2 (HMGA2) regulates gene expression by binding to AT-rich regions of DNA. Akin to other DNA architectural proteins, HMGA2 is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells during embryogenesis, while its expression is more limited at later stages of development and in adulthood. Importantly, HMGA2 is re-expressed in nearly all human malignancies, where it promotes tumorigenesis by multiple mechanisms. HMGA2 increases cancer cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle entry and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, HMGA2 influences different DNA repair mechanisms and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating signaling via the MAPK/ERK, TGFβ/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NFkB, and STAT3 pathways. Moreover, HMGA2 supports a cancer stem cell phenotype and renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss these oncogenic roles of HMGA2 in different types of cancers and propose that HMGA2 may be used for cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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15
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Szarvas T, Hoffmann MJ, Olah C, Szekely E, Kiss A, Hess J, Tschirdewahn S, Hadaschik B, Grotheer V, Nyirady P, Csizmarik A, Varadi M, Reis H. MMP-7 Serum and Tissue Levels Are Associated with Poor Survival in Platinum-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010048. [PMID: 33396213 PMCID: PMC7824149 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a main cause of therapeutic failure and death in bladder cancer. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, prediction of platinum treatment became of great clinical importance. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) was shown to be involved in cisplatin resistance. Therefore, tissue and circulating MMP-7 levels were evaluated in 124 bladder cancer patients who received postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. Tissue MMP-7 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 72 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded chemo-naïve tumor samples, while MMP-7 serum concentrations were determined in 132 serum samples of an independent cohort of 52 patients. MMP-7 tissue and serum levels were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. MMP-7 gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR in 20 urothelial cancer cell lines and two non-malignant urothelial cell lines. MMP-7 was overexpressed in RT-112 and T-24 cells by stable transfection, to assess its functional involvement in platinum sensitivity. High MMP-7 tissue expression and pretreatment serum concentrations were independently associated with poor overall survival (tissue HR = 2.296, 95%CI = 1.235–4.268 and p = 0.009; serum HR = 2.743, 95%CI = 1.258–5.984 and p = 0.011). Therefore, MMP-7 tissue and serum analysis may help to optimize therapeutic decisions. Stable overexpression in RT-112 and T-24 cells did not affect platinum sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (J.H.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-7238-4967
| | - Michèle J. Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Csilla Olah
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (J.H.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Eszter Szekely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andras Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (J.H.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (J.H.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.O.); (J.H.); (S.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Vera Grotheer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Anita Csizmarik
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Melinda Varadi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.N.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
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16
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Soluble Syndecan-1 Levels Are Associated with Survival in Platinum-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110864. [PMID: 33114033 PMCID: PMC7690724 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-containing chemotherapy represents the first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Recently, novel therapies have become available for cisplatin-ineligible or -resistant patients. Therefore, prediction of cisplatin response is required to optimize therapy decisions. Syndecan-1 (SDC1) tissue expression and serum concentration may be associated with cisplatin resistance. Thus, pre-treatment serum levels of SDC1 and its expression in chemo-naïve tissues were assessed in 121 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. SDC1 concentrations were evaluated by ELISA in 52 baseline and 90 follow-up serum samples and tissue expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 69 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Pre-treatment SDC1 serum levels were significantly higher in lymph node metastatic (p = 0.009) and female patients (p = 0.026). SDC1 tissue expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters. High pre-treatment SDC1 serum level and the presence of distant metastasis were independent risk factors for overall survival (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.439, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.003–2.065, p = 0.048; HR: 2.269, 95%CI: 1.053–4.887, p = 0.036). Our results demonstrate an independent association between high baseline serum SDC1 concentration and poor survival in platinum-treated patients. Analyzing baseline serum SDC1 levels may help to predict platinum-containing chemotherapy and could help to optimize therapeutic decision-making.
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17
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Stefanski CD, Prosperi JR. Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7844. [PMID: 33105836 PMCID: PMC7660076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy occurs through mechanisms within the epithelial tumor cells or through interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Chemoresistance and the development of recurrent tumors are two of the leading factors of cancer-related deaths. The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor is lost in many different cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, and its loss correlates with a decreased overall survival in cancer patients. While APC is commonly known for its role as a negative regulator of the WNT pathway, APC has numerous binding partners and functional roles. Through APC's interactions with DNA repair proteins, DNA replication proteins, tubulin, and other components, recent evidence has shown that APC regulates the chemotherapy response in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of some of the cellular processes in which APC participates and how they impact chemoresistance through both epithelial- and TME-derived mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Stefanski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA;
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Jenifer R. Prosperi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA;
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few years, significant progress has been achieved in the therapeutic options for advanced urothelial bladder cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to give an overview of the status and future perspective of the therapeutic options in this setting. Its focus is on the discussion of tissue-based therapy-predictive markers, which are evaluated through (molecular) pathology and thereby strengthening the role of pathology itself. MATERIALS AND METHODS Current (clinical study) data, the literature, and our own expertise were considered and summarized in the areas of therapy prediction of platinum-based chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other therapeutic approaches. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Molecular subtypes exhibit a predictive value both in platinum-based chemotherapy as well as in immunotherapy. However, further work is required to elucidate the predictive role of molecular subtypes in both settings. Changes in the DNA damage repair enzyme (DDR) genes, ERCC2, and ERBB2 as well as differences in the expression of EMMPRIN, survivin, and HMGA2 show promising results as further markers of chemotherapy efficacy. In the prediction of immunotherapy success, this mainly relates to the evaluation of the tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor neoantigen burden (TNB), APOBEC signatures (MSig1; 3A/3B), and CD8-positive T‑effector cell signature. When using the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor erdafitinib, which has not yet been approved in Germany, the evaluation of specific FGFR mutations and/or gene fusions by a companion diagnostic test is mandatory in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reis
- Institut für Pathologie, Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - T Szarvas
- Klinik für Urologie, Semmelweis Universität, Budapest, Ungarn.,Klinik für Urologie, Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
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19
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Clinical Implications of Extracellular HMGA1 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235950. [PMID: 31779212 PMCID: PMC6928815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional secretion of proteins is generally caused by cellular stress. During the tumorigenesis, tumor cells experience high levels of stress, and the secretion of some theoretically intracellular proteins is activated. Once in the extracellular space, these proteins play different paracrine and autocrine roles and could represent a vulnerability of cancer. One of these proteins is the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1), which is frequently overexpressed in tumors and presents a low expression in normal adult tissues. We have recently described that HMGA1 establishes an autocrine loop in invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The secretion of HMGA1 and its binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates the migration, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC cells and predicts the onset of metastasis in these patients. In this review, we summarized different strategies to exploit the novel tumorigenic phenotype mediated by extracellular HMGA1. We envisioned future clinical applications where the association between its change in subcellular localization and breast cancer progression could be used to predict tumor aggressiveness and guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, we proposed that targeting extracellular HMGA1 as monotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, or in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies, could bring new therapeutic options for TNBC patients.
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20
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Krafft U, Tschirdewahn S, Hess J, Harke NN, Hadaschik BA, Nyirády P, Szendröi A, Szücs M, Módos O, Olah C, Székely E, Reis H, Szarvas T. STIP1 Tissue Expression Is Associated with Survival in Chemotherapy-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1243-1249. [PMID: 31250373 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To optimize treatment decisions in advanced bladder cancer (BC), we aimed to assess the therapy predictive value of STIP1 with regard to cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy represents the standard first-line systemic treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Since novel immunooncologic agents are already available for cisplatin-resistant or ineligible patients, biological markers are needed for the prediction of cisplatin resistance. STIP1 expression was analyzed in paraffin-embedded bladder cancer tissue samples of 98 patients who underwent adjuvant or salvage cisplatin-based chemotherapy by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, pre-chemotherapy serum STIP1 concentrations were determined in 48 BC patients by ELISA. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological and follow-up data. Stronger STIP1 nuclear staining was associated with worse OS in both the whole patient group (p = 0.034) and the subgroup of patients who received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy (p = 0.043). These correlations remained significant also in the multivariable analyses (p = 0.035 and p = 0.040). Stronger STIP1 cytoplasmatic immunostaining correlated with shorter PFS both in the whole cohort (p = 0.045) and in the subgroup of patients who received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy (p = 0.026). Elevated STIP1 serum levels were associated with older patient's age, but we found no correlation between STIP1 serum levels and patients' outcome. Our results suggest that tissue STIP1 analysis might be used for the prediction of cisplatin-resistance in BC. In contrast, pretreatment STIP1 serum levels showed no predictive value for chemotherapy response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Krafft
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - S Tschirdewahn
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - J Hess
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - N N Harke
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - B A Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - P Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Szendröi
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Szücs
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Módos
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Olah
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Székely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Reis
- Institute of Pathology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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