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Hudkins RL, Allen E, Balcer A, Hoffman ID, Iyer S, Neal M, Nelson KJ, Rideout M, Ye Q, Starrett JH, Patel P, Harris T, Swanson RV, Bensen DC. Discovery of TYRA-300: First Oral Selective FGFR3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Urothelial Cancers and Achondroplasia. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16737-16756. [PMID: 39258897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Activating FGFR3 alterations have been identified in up to 15-20% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), and as high as 80% in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers. FGFR3 germline mutations have also been associated with a variety of skeletal dysplasias. Achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism in humans, results from a G380R mutation in FGFR3. The pan-FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib was approved for the treatment of mUC with FGFR3 alterations but is limited due to FGFR isoform off-target toxicities and the development of on-target gatekeeper resistance mutations. TYRA-300 (22) was conceived using a structure-based approach as a potent FGFR3-selective inhibitor to avoid the toxicities associated with inhibition of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4, and to be agnostic for the FGFR3 gatekeeper mutations. TYRA-300 is being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial in urothelial cancers and solid tumors, with intention to initiate Phase 2 studies in urothelial cancers and achondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hudkins
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Eric Allen
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Alexandra Balcer
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Isaac D Hoffman
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Samhita Iyer
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Melissa Neal
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Kirk J Nelson
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Marc Rideout
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Qing Ye
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Jacqueline H Starrett
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Piyush Patel
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Todd Harris
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Ronald V Swanson
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
| | - Daniel C Bensen
- Tyra Biosciences, Inc., 2656 State Street, Carlsbad, California 92008, United States
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Yuan H, Chen X, Zhao M, Zhao X, Chen X, Han J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Dai M, Liu Y. Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-Positive Tumors Tracer [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-Peptide. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 39023401 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2024.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). This study aimed to evaluate the safety, biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and imaging potential of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide. Methods: The FGFR1-targeting peptide DOTA-(PEG2)-KAEWKSLGEEAWHSK was synthesized by manual solid-phase peptide synthesis and high-performance liquid chromatography purification, and labeled with 68Ga with DOTA as chelating agent. We recruited 14 participants and calculated the radiation dose of 4 of these pathologically confirmed nontumor subjects using OLINDA/EXM 2.2.0 software. At the same time, the imaging potential in 10 of these lung cancer patients was evaluated. Results: The biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide in 4 subjects showed the highest uptake in the bladder and kidney. Dosimetry analysis indicated that the bladder wall received the highest effective dose (3.73E-02 mSv/MBq), followed by the lungs (2.36E-03 mSv/MBq) and red bone marrow (2.09E-03 mSv/MBq). No normal organs were found to have excess specific absorbed doses. The average systemic effective dose was 4.97E-02 mSv/MBq. The primary and metastatic tumor lesions were clearly visible on PET/computed tomography (CT) images in 10 patients. Conclusion: Our results indicate that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FGFR1-peptide has a good dosimetry profile and can be used safely in humans, and it has significant potential value for clinical PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingya Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunuan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dawood S, Natarajan V, Danchaivijitr P. Comprehensive molecular profiling identifies actionable biomarkers for patients from Thailand and the United Arab Emirates with advanced malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374087. [PMID: 38800398 PMCID: PMC11116666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive molecular profiling of tissue samples that can help guide therapy management is not widely available across the globe. Methods Comprehensive molecular profiling through Caris Molecular Intelligence involves the analysis of DNA through next-generation sequencing, chromogenic or fluorescent in situ hybridization, pyrosequencing, and copy number alterations; RNA through whole-transcriptome sequencing and multiplex PCR of RNA; and protein through immunohistochemistry. Results Here we describe the experience of molecular profiling of tumor tissue samples from patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors and treated in two countries, the United Arab Emirates and Thailand. Tumor cancer cases submitted to Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, Arizona, USA) for molecular profiling from the UAE and Thailand were retrospectively analyzed (data accessed between 2019 and 2020) for their molecular alterations and clinical biomarkers, without regard to ethnicity. A total of 451 samples from 35 distinct types of advanced cancers were examined for mutations, amplifications, overexpression, exon copy number alterations, microsatellite instability, deficient mismatch repair, tumor mutational burden, and fusions. Interrogating each step of the biological pathway, from DNA to RNA to distinct protein, identified an alteration with an associated therapy for 75% of these tumor samples. The most common alterations identified included elevated PDL-1 that can be targeted with an immune checkpoint inhibitors and amplification of HER2 for which a variety of anti HER2 therapies are available. Conclusion Comprehensive molecular profiling in patients with advanced malignancies can help optimize therapeutic management allowing for improved prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheenah Dawood
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Oncology Department, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Pongwut Danchaivijitr
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jain NK, Tailang M, Thangavel N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Zoghebi K, Alagusundaram M, Jain HK, Chandrasekaran B. A comprehensive overview of selective and novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a potential anticancer modality. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:1-36. [PMID: 38554385 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The arrival of comprehensive genome sequencing has accelerated the understanding of genetically aberrant advanced cancers and target identification for possible cancer treatment. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations are frequent findings in various rare and advanced cancers refractive to mainstay chemo-therapy or surgical interventions. Several FGFR inhibitors have been developed for addressing these genetically altered FGFR-harboring malignancies, and some have performed well in clinical trials. In contrast, others are still being investigated in different phases of clinical trials. FDA has approved four anticancer agents such as erdafitinib, pemigatinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib, for clinical use in oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies. These include cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid malignancies. Pemigatinib is the only FGFR inhibitor globally approved (USA, EU, and Japan) and available as a targeted therapy for two types of cancer, including FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangements harboring cholangiocarcinoma and relapsed/refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangements. Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm is the latest area of application added to the therapeutic armamentarium of FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, futibatinib is the first-in-class covalent or irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that has received FDA approval for locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene aberrations. This review highlights the current clinical progress concerning the safety and efficacy of all the approved FGFR-TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their ongoing investigations in clinical trials for other oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Tailang
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hemant Kumar Jain
- Department of General Medicine Government Medical College Datia 475661, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ogbuji V, Paster IC, Recio-Boiles A, Carew JS, Nawrocki ST, Chipollini J. Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Is There a Role for Additional T-Cell Blockade? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:131. [PMID: 38201559 PMCID: PMC10778285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common form of bladder cancer (BC) and is the variant with the most immunogenic response. This makes urothelial carcinoma an ideal candidate for immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Key immune checkpoint proteins PD-1 and CTLA-4 are frequently expressed on T-cells in urothelial carcinoma. The blockade of this immune checkpoint can lead to the reactivation of lymphocytes and augment the anti-tumor immune response. The only immune checkpoint inhibitors that are FDA-approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma target the programmed death-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. However, the overall response rate and progression-free survival rates of these agents are limited in this patient population. Therefore, there is a need to find further immune-bolstering treatment combinations that may positively impact survival for patients with advanced UC. In this review, the current immune checkpoint inhibition treatment landscape is explored with an emphasis on combination therapy in the form of PD-1/PD-L1 with CTLA-4 blockade. The investigation of the current literature on immune checkpoint inhibition found that preclinical data show a decrease in tumor volumes and size when PD-1/PD-L1 is blocked, and similar results were observed with CTLA-4 blockade. However, there are limited investigations evaluating the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We anticipate this review to provide a foundation for a deeper experimental investigation into combination immune checkpoint inhibition therapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ogbuji
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.O.); (I.C.P.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Irasema C. Paster
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.O.); (I.C.P.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Alejandro Recio-Boiles
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (A.R.-B.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Jennifer S. Carew
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (A.R.-B.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Steffan T. Nawrocki
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.O.); (I.C.P.); (S.T.N.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (A.R.-B.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Juan Chipollini
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (V.O.); (I.C.P.); (S.T.N.)
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6
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Faltas B. A new era in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:395-397. [PMID: 37833099 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The advances in targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and the recent emergence of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) herald a potential paradigm shift in treating patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Yet, there are inherent challenges in utilizing these therapies, including the management of treatment-related toxicities. In this special Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations issue, we review the latest developments and discuss insights into future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Faltas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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Kovács SA, Fekete JT, Győrffy B. Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response with pharmacological applications in solid tumors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1879-1889. [PMID: 37055532 PMCID: PMC10462766 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors show promising effects in the treatment of multiple tumor types. Biomarkers are biological indicators used to select patients for a systemic anticancer treatment, but there are only a few clinically useful biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden, which can be used to predict immunotherapy response. In this study, we established a database consisting of both gene expression and clinical data to identify biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies. A GEO screening was executed to identify datasets with simultaneously available clinical response and transcriptomic data regardless of cancer type. The screening was restricted to the studies involving administration of anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab) or anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) agents. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Mann-Whitney test were executed across all genes to identify features related to therapy response. The database consisted of 1434 tumor tissue samples from 19 datasets with esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, and urothelial cancers, plus melanoma. The strongest druggable gene candidates linked to anti-PD-1 resistance were SPIN1 (AUC = 0.682, P = 9.1E-12), SRC (AUC = 0.667, P = 5.9E-10), SETD7 (AUC = 0.663, P = 1.0E-09), FGFR3 (AUC = 0.657, P = 3.7E-09), YAP1 (AUC = 0.655, P = 6.0E-09), TEAD3 (AUC = 0.649, P = 4.1E-08) and BCL2 (AUC = 0.634, P = 9.7E-08). In the anti-CTLA-4 treatment cohort, BLCAP (AUC = 0.735, P = 2.1E-06) was the most promising gene candidate. No therapeutically relevant target was found to be predictive in the anti-PD-L1 cohort. In the anti-PD-1 group, we were able to confirm the significant correlation with survival for the mismatch-repair genes MLH1 and MSH6. A web platform for further analysis and validation of new biomarker candidates was set up and available at https://www.rocplot.com/immune . In summary, a database and a web platform were established to investigate biomarkers of immunotherapy response in a large cohort of solid tumor samples. Our results could help to identify new patient cohorts eligible for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Anna Kovács
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
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Gamallat Y, Afsharpad M, El Hallani S, Maher CA, Alimohamed N, Hyndman E, Bismar TA. Large, Nested Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma Is Enriched with Activating Mutations in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-3 among Other Targetable Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3167. [PMID: 37370778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The large, nested variant of urothelial carcinoma (LNVUC) is characterized by bland histomorphology mimicking that of benign von Brunn nests. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-3 (FGFR-3) activation and missense mutation in 38 cases, including 6 cases diagnosed with LNVUC and 32 with metastatic invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). Initially, six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of the LNVUC were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES), and then we performed targeted sequencing on 32 cases of metastatic invasive UC of various morphological subtypes, which were interrogated for the FGFR3. Our results revealed 3/6 (50%) LNVUC cases evaluated by WES in our study showed an activating mutation in FGFR-3, 33% showed an activating mutation in PIK3CA, and 17% showed activating mutation in GNAS or MRE11. Additionally, 33% of cases showed a truncating mutation in CDKN1B. All LNVUC in our study that harbored the FGFR-3 mutation showed additional activating or truncating mutations in other genes. Overall, 6/32 (18.75%) cases of random metastatic invasive UC showed missense mutations of the FGFR-3 gene. The LNVUC variant showed the higher incidence of FGFR-3 mutations compared to other types of mutations. Additionally, all LNVUC cases show additional activating or truncating mutations in other genes, thus being amenable to novel targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mitra Afsharpad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Soufiane El Hallani
- Alberta Precision Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Christopher A Maher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nimira Alimohamed
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Eric Hyndman
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratory, Rockyview General Hospital, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
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Wang X, Bai Y, Zhang F, Li D, Chen K, Wu R, Tang Y, Wei X, Han P. Prognostic value of COL10A1 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in urothelial bladder cancer: A comprehensive study based on bioinformatics and clinical analysis validation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:955949. [PMID: 37006317 PMCID: PMC10063846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.955949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most lethal diseases. COL10A1 is secreted small-chain collagen in the extracellular matrix associated with various tumors, including gastric, colon, breast, and lung cancer. However, the role of COL10A1 in BLCA remains unclear. This is the first research focusing on the prognostic value of COL10A1 in BLCA. In this research, we aimed to uncover the association between COL10A1 and the prognosis, as well as other clinicopathological parameters in BLCA.MethodsWe obtained gene expression profiles of BLCA and normal tissues from the TCGA, GEO, and ArrayExpress databases. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to investigate the protein expression and prognostic value of COL10A1 in BLCA patients. GO and KEGG enrichment along with GSEA analyses were performed to reveal the biological functions and potential regulatory mechanisms of COL10A1 based on the gene co-expression network. We used the “maftools” R package to display the mutation profiles between the high and low COL10A1 groups. GIPIA2, TIMER, and CIBERSORT algorithms were utilized to explore the effect of COL10A1 on the tumor immune microenvironment.ResultsWe found that COL10A1 was upregulated in the BLCA samples, and increased COL10A1 expression was related to poor overall survival. Functional annotation of 200 co-expressed genes positively correlated with COL10A1 expression, including GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analyses, indicated that COL10A1 was basically involved in the extracellular matrix, protein modification, molecular binding, ECM-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The most commonly mutated genes of BLCA were different between high and low COL10A1 groups. Tumor immune infiltrating analyses showed that COL10A1 might have an essential role in recruiting infiltrating immune cells and regulating immunity in BLCA, thus affecting prognosis. Finally, external datasets and biospecimens were used, and the results further validated the aberrant expression of COL10A1 in BLCA samples.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study demonstrates that COL10A1 is an underlying prognostic and predictive biomarker in BLCA.
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Nielsen TJ, Varga MG, Cronister CT, Ring BZ, Seitz RS, Ross DT, Schweitzer BL, McGregor K. The 27-gene IO score is associated with efficacy of PD-1/L1 inhibitors independent of FGFR expression in a real-world metastatic urothelial carcinoma cohort. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03401-x. [PMID: 36806983 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple targeted therapeutics have been approved by the FDA for mUC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and more recently targeted agents for both FGFR and Nectin-4. FGFR3-aberrant and Nectin-4 expressing cells have been associated with an immunosuppressed phenotype. Given that less than half of all patients respond to these agents as monotherapies and less than 20% are eligible to receive salvage therapy, effective personalized treatment plans are critical. Typical biomarkers for ICIs such as PD-L1 and TMB have not been definitive in mUC, yet a biomarker-driven optimization of first-line therapy and subsequent sequencing have the potential to achieve higher and more durable response rates. The IO score is a 27-gene tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) classifier that has been associated with the clinical benefits of ICIs in multiple cancer types, including mUC. This study demonstrates that the IO score was associated with both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a real-world cohort of mUC patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, the IO score was independent of and provided information incremental to TMB. Interestingly, the IO score predicted benefit in patients with high FGFR expression, despite conflicting data regarding response rates among the FGFR aberrant population. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IO score assessment of the TIME is associated with a clinical benefit from ICI therapy and that this novel biomarker may inform therapeutic sequencing decisions in mUC, potentially improving outcomes for this notoriously difficult-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Z Ring
- Oncocyte Corporation, 15 Cushing, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Robert S Seitz
- Oncocyte Corporation, 15 Cushing, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Douglas T Ross
- Oncocyte Corporation, 15 Cushing, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
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Sorokin M, Rabushko E, Rozenberg JM, Mohammad T, Seryakov A, Sekacheva M, Buzdin A. Clinically relevant fusion oncogenes: detection and practical implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221144108. [PMID: 36601633 PMCID: PMC9806411 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221144108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistically, chimeric genes result from DNA rearrangements and include parts of preexisting normal genes combined at the genomic junction site. Some rearranged genes encode pathological proteins with altered molecular functions. Those which can aberrantly promote carcinogenesis are called fusion oncogenes. Their formation is not a rare event in human cancers, and many of them were documented in numerous study reports and in specific databases. They may have various molecular peculiarities like increased stability of an oncogenic part, self-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor moiety, and altered transcriptional regulation activities. Currently, tens of low molecular mass inhibitors are approved in cancers as the drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) oncogenic fusion proteins, that is, including ALK, ABL, EGFR, FGFR1-3, NTRK1-3, MET, RET, ROS1 moieties. Therein, the presence of the respective RTK fusion in the cancer genome is the diagnostic biomarker for drug prescription. However, identification of such fusion oncogenes is challenging as the breakpoint may arise in multiple sites within the gene, and the exact fusion partner is generally unknown. There is no gold standard method for RTK fusion detection, and many alternative experimental techniques are employed nowadays to solve this issue. Among them, RNA-seq-based methods offer an advantage of unbiased high-throughput analysis of only transcribed RTK fusion genes, and of simultaneous finding both fusion partners in a single RNA-seq read. Here we focus on current knowledge of biology and clinical aspects of RTK fusion genes, related databases, and laboratory detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizaveta Rabushko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tharaa Mohammad
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Marina Sekacheva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Moscow, Russia,PathoBiology Group, European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Advanced Bladder Cancer: Changing the Treatment Landscape. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101745. [PMID: 36294884 PMCID: PMC9604712 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer type in the world. There were more than 573,000 new cases of bladder cancer in 2020. It is the 13th most common cause of cancer death with an estimated more than 212,000 deaths worldwide. Low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is usually successfully managed with transurethral resection (TUR) and overall survival for NMIBC reaches 90% according to some reports. However, long-term survival for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and metastatic bladder cancer remains low. Treatment options for bladder cancer have undergone a rapid change in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), targeted therapies, and antibody-drug conjugates are available now. As bladder cancer is genetically heterogeneous, the optimization of patient selection to identify those most likely to benefit from a specific therapy is an urgent issue in the treatment of patients with bladder cancer.
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Zhu S, Yu C, Wang C, Ding G, Cheng S. Case report: Significant benefits of tislelizumab combined with anlotinib in first-line treatment of metastatic renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid carcinoma differentiation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969106. [PMID: 36330483 PMCID: PMC9623047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid carcinoma differentiation is a very dangerous malignant tumor and extremely rare in clinical practice. In general, these tumors with a dismal prognosis, and there is no standard treatment. Case presentation In this case, an 81-year-old male patient was diagnosed with right renal pelvic carcinoma. After an open right radical nephroureterectomy, postoperative pathological examination showed infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation. Overexpression of programmed death ligand-1 by immunohistochemistry. The carcinoma recurred 4.5 months after surgery. After informed, tislelizumab combined with anlotinib were used as first-line treatment. The patients showed a clinical partial response that lasted for 20 months. Conclusion This case demonstrates the efficacy of tislelizumab combined with anlotinib in patients diagnosed with metastatic renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid carcinoma differentiation. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first application of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Ding, ; Sheng Cheng,
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Ding, ; Sheng Cheng,
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Understanding the Pattern of Oropharyngeal Cancers from North-East Romanian Patients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112412079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is acknowledged as a risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cellular cancers (OPSCC), of which the dominant types are tonsillar (TSCC) and base of tongue cancer (BOTSCC). Objective: To assess the role of HPV in selected OPSCC cases, from Romanian patients by sensitive and complementary molecular assays. Material and Methods: Fifty-four formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) OPSCC samples were analyzed for HPV DNA by a PCR-based bead-based multiplex-assay. Thirty-four samples were tested for HPV RNA and for overexpression of p16INK4a by immunohistochemistry. Twenty samples were evaluated by Competitive Allele-Specific Taqman PCR (CAST-PCR) for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein (FGFR3) status. Results: A total of 33.3% (18/54) OPSCC samples were positive for HPV DNA. HPV16 was the most frequent type (30%, 16/54); followed by HPV18 (3.7%, 2/54); and 1 sample (1.8%) was positive for both HPV16 and 18. HPV18 E6*I was detected in a HPV18 DNA-positive oropharynx tumor. Four samples positive for HPV16 were also positive for p16INK4a. All the tested samples were negative for FGFR3. Conclusions: The increased HPV16 prevalence is in line with similar studies and is a new confirmation that HPV16 is the most prevalent type in our country; supporting the potential benefit of prophylactic vaccines. Overall, there is no concordance between DNA and any of the two other analytes that are considered being markers of HPV-driven cancers. There is a need to explore novel screening strategies that could be broadly used in the clinical routine to initiate preventive measures.
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