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Goulay R, Fémy F, Nervo A, Valentino S, Madi M, Joly AL, Servonnet A, Nachon F, Reymond C, Jaffré N. Baseline physiological data from anesthetized pigs in a VX intoxication model. Toxicol Lett 2024; 397:117-128. [PMID: 38768837 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the past fifty years, swine models have been used for organophosphorus intoxication studies. Among these studies and others on the swine model in general, some physiological data, especially cholinesterase activity highly impacted by organophosphorus compounds like nerve agent VX, still need to be completed. To support and compare our model to others, we have published the experimental protocol, the physiological values of 31 juvenile anesthetized pigs, and the 6 h-follow-up of six supplementary anesthetized control animals and 7 VX-intoxicated pigs. We reported hemodynamics and respiratory parameters, blood levels in several biochemical parameters, blood gas, and complete blood count and compared them to the literature. We also focused on tissue and blood cholinesterase activities and detailed them for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. After establishing a broad physiological data set consistent with the literature, we reported several cardio-respiratory parameters that seem more affected by an organophosphate intoxication, like heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiratory rate. Within the blood, oxygen saturation (SpO2), lactatemia, base excess, and glycemia can also be measured and associated with the other parameters to evaluate the life-threatening status. This swine model is currently used to develop and evaluate medical countermeasures against organophosphate nerve agent intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goulay
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - F Fémy
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France; Departments of Emergency, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - A Nervo
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - S Valentino
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - M Madi
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - A-L Joly
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - A Servonnet
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - F Nachon
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - C Reymond
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - N Jaffré
- Department of Toxicology and Chemical Risks, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny Sur Orge, France.
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2
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Pauly V, Vlcek J, Zhang Z, Hesse N, Xia R, Bauer J, Loy S, Schneider S, Renner S, Wolf E, Kääb S, Schüttler D, Tomsits P, Clauss S. Effects of Sex on the Susceptibility for Atrial Fibrillation in Pigs with Ischemic Heart Failure. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070973. [PMID: 37048048 PMCID: PMC10093477 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia, often caused by myocardial ischemia/infarction (MI). Men have a 1.5× higher prevalence of AF, whereas women show a higher risk for new onset AF after MI. However, the underlying mechanisms of how sex affects AF pathophysiology are largely unknown. In 72 pigs with/without ischemic heart failure (IHF) we investigated the impact of sex on ischemia-induced proarrhythmic atrial remodeling and the susceptibility for AF. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrophysiological studies were conducted to assess electrical remodeling; histological analyses were performed to assess atrial fibrosis in male and female pigs. IHF pigs of both sexes showed a significantly increased vulnerability for AF, but in male pigs more and longer episodes were observed. Unchanged conduction properties but enhanced left atrial fibrosis indicated structural rather than electrical remodeling underlying AF susceptibility. Sex differences were only observed in controls with female pigs showing an increased intrinsic heart rate, a prolonged QRS interval and a prolonged sinus node recovery time. In sum, susceptibility for AF is significantly increased both in male and female pigs with ischemic heart failure. Differences between males and females are moderate, including more and longer AF episodes in male pigs and sinus node dysfunction in female pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Pauly
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Vlcek
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Hesse
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruibing Xia
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Loy
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstrasse 27, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstrasse 27, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Grosshadern Campus, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Stasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Tomsits
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Grosshadern Campus, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 68, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 19, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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3
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Zaballos M, Varela O, Fernández I, Rodríguez L, García S, Quintela O, Vázquez E, Anadón MJ, Almendral J. Assessment of cardiotoxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after serratus intercostal fascial plane block in an experimental model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 36593251 PMCID: PMC9807569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serratus intercostal fascial plane block (SIFPB) has emerged as an alternative to paravertebral block in breast surgery. It involves the administration of high volumes and doses of local anesthetics (LA) that can potentially reach toxic levels. Ropivacaine is widely used in thoraco-fascial blocks; however, there is no information on the plasma concentrations attained after SIPFB and whether they are associated with cardiotoxicity. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine and its electrophysiological effects were evaluated in eight pigs after bilateral SIFPB with ropivacaine in doses of 3 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations, electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters were measured sequentially for the following 180 min until the end of the study. The area under the curve, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time to reach Cmax (tmax) were calculated. The median arterial ropivacaine concentration Cmax was, 2.34 [1.40 to 3.74] µg/ml. The time to reach the highest concentration was 15 [10 to 20] min. Twenty-five percent of the animals had arterial concentrations above the lower limit concentration of ropivacaine for LA systemic toxicity (3.4 µg/ml). No alterations were observed in the electrophysiological or electrocardiographic parameters except for a prolongation of the QTc interval, from 489 ± 30 to 544 ± 44 ms (Δ11.38 ± 6%), P = 0.01. Hemodynamic parameters remained in the physiological range throughout the study. SIFPB with ropivacaine in doses of 3 mg/kg has reached potentially toxic levels, however, it has not been associated with adverse electrophysiological or hemodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Zaballos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Forensic Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain ,grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo nº46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Varela
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo nº46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo nº46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo nº46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio García
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr Esquerdo nº46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Quintela
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Forensic Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vázquez
- grid.410526.40000 0001 0277 7938Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Anadón
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Forensic Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Almendral
- grid.8461.b0000 0001 2159 0415Hospital Monteprincipe, Grupo HM Hospitales, University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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