The antinociceptive effects of intravenous administration of three doses of butorphanol tartrate or naloxone hydrochloride following hydromorphone hydrochloride to healthy conscious cats.
Vet Anaesth Analg 2019;
46:538-547. [PMID:
31171446 DOI:
10.1016/j.vaa.2019.04.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate thermal antinociception from intravenous (IV) administration of hydromorphone alone or followed by butorphanol or naloxone in cats.
STUDY DESIGN
Randomized, controlled, masked, crossover design.
ANIMALS
A group of eight adult female cats.
METHODS
Cats were administered six treatments of two IV injections 30 minutes apart: treatments S-S, two 0.9% saline; H-S, hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg-1) and saline; H-LB, hydromorphone and butorphanol (0.02 mg kg-1); H-MB, hydromorphone and butorphanol (0.1 mg kg-1); H-HB, hydromorphone and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1); H-N, hydromorphone and naloxone (0.04 mg kg-1). Skin temperature (ST), thermal threshold (TT) and sedation score (SS) were recorded before (baseline) and for 8 hours after the first injection. Percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE), thermal excursion (TE), TT, SS and ST were compared using two-way repeated measures anova or Friedman test followed by Tukey's or Dunn's multiple comparisons test when appropriate. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Data from seven cats were analyzed. There were no significant differences among treatments in baseline values, SS and within S-S over time. Compared with respective 0.5 hour values following hydromorphone administration, %MPE was significantly lower at 4-8 hours for H-S; at 3-8 hours for H-LB; at 4-8 hours for H-MB; at 6-8 hours for H-HB and at 1-8 hours for H-N. Compared with respective 0.5 hour values, TE was significantly lower at 4-8 hours for H-S; at 3-8 hours for H-LB; at 2 and 4-8 hours for H-MB; at 6 and 8 hours for H-HB and at 1-8 hours for H-N.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Butorphanol and naloxone reduced hydromorphone-induced thermal antinociception. Butorphanol preserved hydromorphone antinociceptive properties better than naloxone. Butorphanol is recommended during non-life-threatening scenarios as a partial reversal agent for hydromorphone in cats.
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