Hech B, Knych H, Desprez I, Weiner D, Ambros B. Pharmacokinetics of hydrorphone hydrochloride after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).
Vet Anaesth Analg 2024;
51:152-159. [PMID:
38158281 DOI:
10.1016/j.vaa.2023.11.009]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetic profile of hydromorphone 0.2 mg kg-1 administered by the intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) route in ferrets.
STUDY DESIGN
Randomized, crossover study.
ANIMALS
A group of eight adult ferrets weighting (mean ± standard deviation) 1.02 ± 0.22 kg.
METHODS
Hydromorphone hydrochloride 0.2 mg kg-1 was administered IV or SC with a washout period of 7 days. Blood samples were collected from a jugular catheter before administration of hydromorphone and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 720 minutes after hydromorphone administration. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a non-linear mixed effects model.
RESULTS
The hydromorphone effective half-life was (t1/2) 45 min-1. Systemic clearance (Cls) and the volume of distribution (Vdss) following IV administration were 84.8 mL kg-1 min-1 and 5.59 L kg-1, respectively. The maximum observed plasma concentration was 59.53 ± 14.02 ng mL-1 within 10 minutes following SC administration. The SC bioavailability was 102.0%.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Administration of IV and SC hydromorphone (0.2 mg kg-1) was characterized by a high clearance, short terminal half-life and large volume of distribution. Hydromorphone plasma concentrations remained greater than 2 ng mL-1 for 2 hours in most ferrets, a threshold reported to provide antinociceptive effects in other species. Hydromorphone was well absorbed following SC injection, providing an alternative administration route for clinical use in ferrets.
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