Irving W, Annear M, Whittaker C, Caruso K, Reynolds B, McCarthy P, Smith J. Effect of dexmedetomidine added to retrobulbar blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs undergoing enucleation surgery.
Vet Ophthalmol 2024;
27:148-157. [PMID:
37418492 DOI:
10.1111/vop.13130]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of the addition of dexmedetomidine (BLD) to retrobulbar blockade with combined lignocaine and bupivacaine on nociception.
ANIMALS
A total of 17 eyes from 15 dogs.
METHODS
Prospective, randomized, masked clinical comparison study. Dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation were randomly assigned into two groups; a retrobulbar administration of lignocaine and bupivacaine in a 1:2 volume ratio combined with either BLD or 0.9% saline (BLS). The total volume of the intraconal injection was calculated at 0.1 mL/cm cranial length. Intraoperative parameters were recorded: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2 ) arterial blood pressure (BP), and inspired isoflurane concentration (ISOinsp). Pain scores, heart rate and RR were recorded postoperatively.
RESULTS
Dogs receiving BLD (n = 8) had significantly lower intraoperative RR (p = 0.007), and significantly lower ISOinsp (p = 0.037) than dogs in the BLS group (n = 9). Postoperatively heart rate was significantly lower in the BLD group at 1 min (p = 0.025) and 1 h (p = 0.022). There were no other significant differences in intraoperative or postoperative parameters, or in postoperative pain scores (p = 0.354). Dogs receiving BLD had a higher rate of anesthetic events of bradycardia and hypertension (p = 0.027). Analgesic rescue was not needed in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
The addition of BLD to retrobulbar anesthesia did not result in a detectable difference in pain scores relative to blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine alone. Dogs receiving retrobulbar BLD had a significantly lower intraoperative RR and isoflurane requirement and an increased incidence of intraoperative bradycardia and hypertension.
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