Hypoventilation following oxygen administration associated with alfaxalone-dexmedetomidine-midazolam anesthesia in New Zealand White rabbits

Retrospective comparison of the effects of laryngeal mask and endotracheal tube on some cardio-respiratory variables in pet rabbits undergoing anaesthesia for elective gonadectomy

BACKGROUND

Endotracheal intubation in rabbits is challenging and supraglottic airway devices, such as laryngeal masks (LMA), represent an alternative as they are easy to insert, and do not stimulate the larynx requiring therefore a lighter plane of anaesthesia for their insertion and positioning than the endotracheal tubes. We investigated whether, compared to an endotracheal tube, the LMA can reduce the negative effects of general anaesthetics on some cardiovascular and respiratory parameters routinely monitored in rabbits anaesthetized for elective gonadectomy. The records of 21 adult mixed breed pet rabbits were collected retrospectively. Rabbits were divided in two groups based on the type of airway device used. A laryngeal mask secured the airway in group LMA (n = 11), and in group ETT (n = 10) an endotracheal tube was used. The amount of propofol used before successful insertion of the airway device was recorded. A pitot-based spirometer was connected and ventilatory variables were measured immediately after insertion. Pulse rate, non-invasive arterial blood pressure, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide and volatile anaesthetic consumption were also monitored during the surgical procedure; extubation time was noted as well.

RESULTS

The use of LMA required significantly less propofol (0.8 to 4 mg/kg) for insertion than the ETT (1.2 to 5.6 mg/kg), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). No differences were observed in ventilatory variables measured immediately after airway positioning. Intraoperatively, there were no differences between groups for respiratory and cardiovascular variables, and amount of isoflurane administered. In all rabbits mean and diastolic blood pressure progressively decreased during surgery. Mean extubation time was shorter in group LMA (6 ± 2 min) than group ETT (8 ± 3 min, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The airway device did not clinically affect the cardiovascular and respiratory variables during anaesthesia. Intraoperative hypoventilation was observed in most rabbits regardless of the device being used; therefore ventilatory support may be required. Rabbits with the laryngeal masks were extubated earlier.