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Nazeri S, Zakeri S, Mehrizi AA, Sardari S, Djadid ND. Measuring of IgG2c isotype instead of IgG2a in immunized C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium vivax TRAP as a subunit vaccine candidate in order to correct interpretation of Th1 versus Th2 immune response. Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107944. [PMID: 32619431 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the murine isotype antibodies is essential in subunit vaccine development because inbred mouse strains with diverse genetic backgrounds respond different to recombinant proteins. In this regard, the main goal of this study was to measuring and comparing the profile of IgG isotype responses in C57BL/6 mice. For this purpose, the extracellular region of plasmodium vivax thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (PvTRAP) gene was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)-pET23a. Then, the recombinant PvTRAP alone or emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant were applied for immunization of the C57BL/6 mice. The role of antibodies and cellular immune responses induced by recombinant PvTRAP were evaluated. The results showed the level of anti-rPvTRAP IgG2c was significantly higher than IgG2a in the groups that received rPvTRAP alone (mean OD490 = 0.798 ± 0.12 and 0.39 ± 0.1, respectively) and emulsified with CFA/IFA (mean OD490 = 1.48 ± 0.07 and 0.605 ± 0.13, respectively; P < 0.05, independent sample t-test). Additionally, the immunized mice with rPvTRAP and rPvTRAP + CFA/IFA had an intermediate-avidity IgG2a antibody but high-avidity IgG2c antibody as well as the mean of serum antibody titers results exhibited that in both rPvTRAP and rPvTRAP + CFA/IFA mouse groups, IgG2a end-point titer (1:3200 and 1:25,600, respectively) was noteworthy lower than IgG2c (1:25,600 and 1:102,400, respectively). Moreover, the results revealed the eliciting significant levels of IFN-γ (P < 0.05, independent sample t-test) and no detectable level of IL-4 in the mouse groups received rPvTRAP alone and emulsified with CFA/IFA as compared to the mouse control groups. In general, our results showed that for correctly interpreting of Th1 immune responses in C57BL/6 mouse strain it is critical to measure IgG2c instead of IgG2a along with IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nazeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Abouie Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Cao A, Liu Y, Wang J, Li X, Wang S, Zhao Q, Cong H, He S, Zhou H. Toxoplasma gondii: Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding T- and B-cell epitopes of SAG1, GRA2, GRA7 and ROP16 elicits protection against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Vaccine 2015; 33:6757-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Immunogenicity of porcine P[6], P[7]-specific △VP8* rotavirus subunit vaccines with a tetanus toxoid universal T cell epitope. Vaccine 2015; 33:4533-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Plasmodium falciparum variability and immune evasion proceed from antigenicity of consensus sequences from DBL6ε; generalization to all DBL from VAR2CSA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54882. [PMID: 23372786 PMCID: PMC3555990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied all consensus sequences within the four least ‘variable blocks’ (VB) present in the DBL6ε domain of VAR2CSA, the protein involved in the adhesion of infected red blood cells by Plasmodium falciparum that causes the Pregnancy-Associated Malaria (PAM). Characterising consensus sequences with respect to recognition of antibodies and percentage of responders among pregnant women living in areas where P. falciparum is endemic allows the identification of the most antigenic sequences within each VB. When combining these consensus sequences among four serotypes from VB1 or VB5, the most often recognized ones are expected to induce pan-reactive antibodies recognizing VAR2CSA from all plasmodial strains. These sequences are of main interest in the design of an immunogenic molecule. Using a similar approach than for DBL6ε, we studied the five other DBL and the CIDRpam from VAR2CSA, and again identified VB segments with highly conserved consensus sequences. In addition, we identified consensus sequences in other var genes expressed by non-PAM parasites. This finding paves the way for vaccine design against other pathologies caused by P. falciparum.
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Increased survival time in mice vaccinated with a branched lysine multiple antigenic peptide containing B- and T-cell epitopes from T. gondii antigens. Vaccine 2011; 29:8619-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lima-Junior JC, Banic DM, Tran TM, Meyer VSE, De-Simone SG, Santos F, Porto LCS, Marques MTQ, Moreno A, Barnwell JW, Galinski MR, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Promiscuous T-cell epitopes of Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 9 (PvMSP9) induces IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses in individuals naturally exposed to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Vaccine 2010; 28:3185-91. [PMID: 20189487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein (PvMSP9) stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals who are naturally infected by this parasite species. To identify immunodominant human T-cell epitopes in PvMSP9, we used the MHC class II binding peptide prediction algorithm ProPred. Eleven synthetic peptides representing predicted putative promiscuous T-cell epitopes were tested in IFN-gamma and IL-4 ELISPOT assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from 142 individuals from Rondonia State, Brazil who had been naturally exposed to P. vivax infections. To determine whether the predicted epitopes are preferentially recognized in the context of multiple alleles, MHC Class II typing of the cohort was also performed. Five synthetic peptides elicited robust cellular responses, and the overall frequencies of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responders to at least one of the promiscuous peptides were 62% and 46%, respectively. The frequencies of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responders to each peptide were not associated with a particular HLA-DRB1 allelic group since most of the peptides induced a response in individuals of 12 out of 13 studied allelic groups. The prediction of promiscuous epitopes using ProPred led to the identification of immunodominant epitopes recognized by PBMC from a significant proportion of a genetically heterogeneous population exposed to malaria infections. The combination of several such T-cell epitopes in a vaccine construct may increase the frequency of responders and the overall efficacy of subunit vaccines in genetically distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ma M, Kuang Y, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Gao P, Xu B. Aromatic−Aromatic Interactions Induce the Self-Assembly of Pentapeptidic Derivatives in Water To Form Nanofibers and Supramolecular Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2719-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9088764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manlung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, and Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Amexis G, Young NS. Multiple antigenic peptides as vaccine platform for the induction of humoral responses against dengue-2 virus. Viral Immunol 2008; 20:657-63. [PMID: 18158738 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2007.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important agent of human disease for which no licensed vaccine is available to the public. We used multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) as an antigen carrier for the development of subunit vaccines against dengue-2 virus (DEN-2). Commercially available software (MacVector 7.0) was used to identify potential antigenic B-cell epitopes of E-glycoprotein. A total of 60 BALB/c mice were immunized with 12 recombinant DEN-2-specific MAPs and the humoral immune response was assessed by anti-DEN-2 ELISA and PRNT50 assays. Anti-DEN-2 ELISA showed high levels of anti-DEN-2 antibodies and post-immune sera reduced viral infectivity and prevented infection of monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2) with live DEN-2 virus. Seven neutralizing DEN-2 epitopes were identified that generated PRNT50 titers of up to 1:160. Our findings show that the MAP platform can be used as an antigen-presenting platform for dengue vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Amexis
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y. Tandem copies of a human rotavirus VP8 epitope can induce specific neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1884-93. [PMID: 16978788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The VP8 subunit protein of human rotavirus (HRV) plays an important role in viral infectivity and neutralization. Recombinant peptide antigens displaying the amino acid sequence M(1)ASLIYRQLL(10), a linear neutralization epitope on the VP8 protein, were constructed and examined for their ability to generate anti-peptide antibodies and HRV-neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. Peptide antigen constructs were expressed in E. coli as fusion proteins with thioredoxin and a universal tetanus toxin T-cell epitope (P2), in order to enhance the anti-peptide immune response. The peptide antigen containing three tandem copies of the VP8 epitope induced significantly higher levels of anti-peptide antibody than only a single copy of the epitope, or the peptide co-administered with the carrier protein and T-cell epitope. Furthermore, the peptide antigen containing three copies of the peptide produced significantly higher virus-neutralization titres, higher than VP8, indicating that a peptide antigen displaying repeating copies of the amino acid region 1-10 of VP8 is a more potent inducer of HRV-neutralizing antibodies than VP8 alone, and may be useful for the production of specific neutralizing antibodies for passive immunotherapy of HRV infection.
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Abstract
Dendrimers are branched structures and represent a fast growing field covering many areas of chemistry. Various types of dendrimers differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to peptide dendrimers, namely, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs). Their synthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, etc. have been described with many examples. MAPs can be used as diagnostics, mimetics, for complexation of different cations, as vaccines against parasites, bacteria, viruses, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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