1
|
Walker R, Kaminski RW, Porter C, Choy RKM, White JA, Fleckenstein JM, Cassels F, Bourgeois L. Vaccines for Protecting Infants from Bacterial Causes of Diarrheal Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1382. [PMID: 34202102 PMCID: PMC8303436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global diarrheal disease burden for Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Campylobacter is estimated to be 88M, 75M, and 75M cases annually, respectively. A vaccine against this target trio of enteric pathogens could address about one-third of diarrhea cases in children. All three of these pathogens contribute to growth stunting and have demonstrated increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Several combinations of antigens are now recognized that could be effective for inducing protective immunity against each of the three target pathogens in a single vaccine for oral administration or parenteral injection. The vaccine combinations proposed here would result in a final product consistent with the World Health Organization's (WHO) preferred product characteristics for ETEC and Shigella vaccines, and improve the vaccine prospects for support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and widespread uptake by low- and middle-income countries' (LMIC) public health stakeholders. Broadly protective antigens will enable multi-pathogen vaccines to be efficiently developed and cost-effective. This review describes how emerging discoveries for each pathogen component of the target trio could be used to make vaccines, which could help reduce a major cause of poor health, reduced cognitive development, lost economic productivity, and poverty in many parts of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Walker
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, DC 20001, USA;
| | - Robert W. Kaminski
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Chad Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Robert K. M. Choy
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA;
| | - Jessica A. White
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.A.W.); (F.C.)
| | - James M. Fleckenstein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis VA Health Care System, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Fred Cassels
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.A.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Louis Bourgeois
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, DC 20001, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quintel BK, Prongay K, Lewis AD, Raué HP, Hendrickson S, Rhoades NS, Messaoudi I, Gao L, Slifka MK, Amanna IJ. Vaccine-mediated protection against Campylobacter-associated enteric disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba4511. [PMID: 32637610 PMCID: PMC7314533 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni are responsible for 400 million to 500 million cases of enteric disease each year and represent the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite its global importance, Campylobacter vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of animal models that recapitulate human disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe a naturally occurring Campylobacter-associated diarrhea model in outdoor-housed rhesus macaques. Using this model, we developed novel next-generation H2O2-based Campylobacter vaccines that induced strong antibacterial antibodies to multiple Campylobacter proteins including flagellin and provided up to 83% protection against severe C. coli-associated diarrhea. Whole-genome sequencing of circulating Campylobacter strains revealed little to no homology within lipooligosaccharide or capsular polysaccharide loci with the Campylobacter vaccine strains used in these studies, indicating that vaccine-mediated immunity was not restricted to a single homologous serotype. Together, these results demonstrate an important advance in vaccine development and a new approach to reducing Campylobacter-associated enteric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamm Prongay
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Anne D. Lewis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Raué
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sara Hendrickson
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Rhoades
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- eBiostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clayton JB, Danzeisen JL, Johnson TJ, Trent AM, Hayer SS, Murphy T, Wuenschmann A, Elder M, Shen Z, Mannion A, Bryant E, Knights D, Fox JG. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis, and a novel Campylobacter sp. in a captive non-human primate zoological collection. J Med Primatol 2018; 48:114-122. [PMID: 30536921 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from non-human primates primate (NHP) with a history of endemic diarrhea housed at Como Park Zoo. METHODS Fecal samples from 33 symptom-free NHP belonging to eight different species were collected weekly for 9 weeks. Species-level characterization and phylogenetic analysis of isolates included biochemical testing and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the feces of 42% (14/33) of the primates. Three Campylobacter spp. (C upsaliensis, C jejuni, and novel Campylobacter sp.) were identified from three NHP species. A possible positive host Campylobacter species-specificity was observed. However, no statistical association was observed between the isolation of Campylobacter spp. and age and sex of the animal. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the value of conducting repeated fecal sampling to establish the overall prevalence of Campylobacter in zoo-maintained NHP; it also importantly identifies a novel Campylobacter sp. isolated from white-faced saki monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Clayton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,GreenViet Biodiversity Conservation Center, Danang, Vietnam.,Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica L Danzeisen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota
| | - Ava M Trent
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Shivdeep S Hayer
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Tami Murphy
- Como Park Zoo & Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Arno Wuenschmann
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Megan Elder
- Como Park Zoo & Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Bryant
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Knights
- Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teunis PFM, Bonačić Marinović A, Tribble DR, Porter CK, Swart A. Acute illness from Campylobacter jejuni may require high doses while infection occurs at low doses. Epidemics 2018; 24:1-20. [PMID: 29456072 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from a set of different studies on the infectivity and pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni were analyzed with a multilevel model, allowing for effects of host species (nonhuman primates and humans) and different strains of the pathogen. All challenge studies involved high doses of the pathogen, resulting in all exposed subjects to become infected. In only one study a dose response effect (increasing trend with dose) for infection was observed. High susceptibility to infection with C. jejuni was found in a joint analysis of outbreaks and challenge studies. For that reason four outbreaks, associated with raw milk consumption, were also included in the present study. The high doses used for inoculation did not cause all infected subjects to develop acute enteric symptoms. The observed outcomes are consistent with a dose response effect for acute symptoms among infected subjects: a conditional illness dose response relation. Nonhuman primates and human volunteers did not appear to have different susceptibilities for developing enteric symptoms, but exposure in outbreaks (raw milk) did lead to a higher probability of symptomatic campylobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F M Teunis
- Center for Global Safe WASH, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Axel Bonačić Marinović
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Enteric Diseases Department, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Arno Swart
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anvarinejad M, Amin Shahidi M, Pouladfar GR, Dehyadegari MA, Mardaneh J. Campylobacter jejuni Bacteremia in a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e23992. [PMID: 27621914 PMCID: PMC5002924 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacter jejuni is a slender, motile, non-spore-forming, helical-shaped, gram-negative bacterium. It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. The aim of this study was to present a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), who was infected with Campylobacter jejuni. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the medical records of a pediatric ALL patient with bacteremia caused by C. jejuni, who was diagnosed at Amir hospital, Shiraz, Iran. This 14-year-old male visited the emergency department of Amir hospital with night sweats, severe polar high-grade fever, reduced appetite, and nausea in August 2013. Given the suspected presence of an anaerobic or microaerophilic microorganism, aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were performed using an automated blood cultivator, the BACTEC 9240 system. In order to characterize the isolate, diagnostic biochemical tests were used. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done with the disk diffusion method. The primary culture was found to be positive for Campylobacter, and the subculture of the solid plate yielded a confluent growth of colonies typical for Campylobacter, which was identified as C. jejuni by morphological and biochemical tests. The isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cephalexin, piperacillin/tazobactam, nalidixic acid, aztreonam, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftazidime, and tobramycin. CONCLUSIONS C. jejuni should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a potential cause of bacteremia in immunosuppressed patients. In cases where the BACTEC result is positive in aerobic conditions but the organism cannot be isolated, an anaerobic culture medium is suggested, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Anvarinejad
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Maneli Amin Shahidi
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Pouladfar
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Dehyadegari
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Jalal Mardaneh, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-5157220578, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amato KR, Metcalf JL, Song SJ, Hale VL, Clayton J, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Niu K, Cui D, Zhao H, Schrenzel MD, Tan CL, Knight R, Braun J. Using the gut microbiota as a novel tool for examining colobine primate GI health. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
7
|
Insights into Campylobacter jejuni colonization and enteritis using a novel infant rabbit model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28737. [PMID: 27357336 PMCID: PMC4928045 DOI: 10.1038/srep28737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of relevant disease models for Campylobacter jejuni has long been an obstacle to research into this common enteric pathogen. Here we used an infant rabbit to study C. jejuni infection, which enables us to define several previously unknown but key features of the organism. C. jejuni is capable of systemic invasion in the rabbit, and developed a diarrhea symptom that mimicked that observed in many human campylobacteriosis. The large intestine was the most consistently colonized site and produced intestinal inflammation, where specific cytokines were induced. Genes preferentially expressed during C. jejuni infection were screened, and acs, cj1385, cj0259 seem to be responsible for C. jejuni invasion. Our results demonstrates that the infant rabbit can be used as an alternative experimental model for the study of diarrheagenic Campylobacter species and will be useful in exploring the pathogenesis of other related pathogens.
Collapse
|
8
|
Islam D, Ruamsap N, Aksomboon A, Khantapura P, Srijan A, Mason CJ. Immune responses to Campylobacter (C. jejuni or C. coli) infections: a two-year study of US forces deployed to Thailand. APMIS 2014; 122:1102-13. [PMID: 24730456 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is a leading cause of diarrheal disease among US troops deployed to Thailand for exercise. We investigated the importance of immunological analysis and immune responses against Campylobacter infection in US troops deployed to Thailand. Blood and fecal samples were collected from volunteered soldiers with diarrhea and from healthy controls. Stool culture was performed to identify the pathogens. Campylobacter-specific antibodies, antibody secreting cells and cytokines were measured. Several bacterial protein fragments in the outer membrane extract of Campylobacter spp., were identified by an immunoblot analysis with plasma and fecal antibodies. Among all of the diarrheal cases, 35% were Campylobacter-positive. Based on antibody titers in plasma and in fecal extract and antibody secreting cells: 6% of healthy controls, 32% of the Campylobacter culture-negative diarrheal cases, and 85% of the Campylobacter culture-positive diarrheal cases were positive for Campylobacter. Our results indicate that the measurement of Campylobacter-specific antibodies in plasma and fecal extract samples is a good marker of exposure to Campylobacter, and this test may be a useful diagnostic tool for seroepidemiological studies. Elicited antibodies against several bacterial outer membrane protein fragments suggest that these protein fragments are vital in providing protective immunity against Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Islam
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oral administration of live Shigella vaccine candidates in rhesus monkeys show no evidence of competition for colonization and immunogenicity between different serotypes. Vaccine 2014; 32:1754-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Islam D, Ruamsap N, Khantapura P, Aksomboon A, Srijan A, Wongstitwilairoong B, Bodhidatta L, Gettayacamin M, Venkatesan MM, Mason CJ. Evaluation of an intragastric challenge model for Shigella dysenteriae 1 in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for the pre-clinical assessment of Shigella vaccine formulations. APMIS 2013; 122:463-75. [PMID: 24028276 PMCID: PMC3954967 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shigellosis is a worldwide disease, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and the passage of blood- and mucus-streaked stools. Rhesus monkeys and other primates are the only animals that are naturally susceptible to shigellosis. A suitable animal model is required for the pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines candidates. In this study, the minimal dose of Shigella dysenteriae1 1617 strain required to produce dysentery in four of five (80% attack rate) monkeys using an escalating dose range for three groups [2 × 108, 2 × 109 and 2 × 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)] was determined. In addition, the monkeys were re-infected. The identified optimal challenge dose was 2 × 109 CFU; this dose elicited 60% protection in monkeys when they were re-challenged with a one log higher dose (2 × 1010 CFU). The challenge dose, 2 × 1010 CFU, produced severe dysentery in all monkeys, with one monkey dying within 24 h, elicited 100% protection when re-challenged with the same dose. All monkeys exhibited immune responses. This study concludes that the rhesus monkey model closely mimics the disease and immune response seen in humans and is a suitable animal model for the pre-clinical evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates. Prior infection with the 1617 strain can protect monkeys against subsequent re-challenges with homologous strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Islam
- Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Łaniewski P, Wyszyńska A. Update on Campylobacter jejuni vaccine development for preventing human campylobacteriosis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:625-45. [PMID: 19397419 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis constitutes a serious medical and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains compels us to develop alternative therapeutic strategies and to search for efficient immunoprophylactic methods. The vast majority of Campylobacter infections in developed countries occur as sporadic cases, mainly caused by eating undercooked Campylobacter-contaminated poultry. The most efficient strategy of decreasing the number of human Campylobacter infections is by implementing protective vaccinations for humans and/or chickens. Despite more than 10 years of research, an effective anti-Campylobacter vaccine has not been developed. This review highlights our increasing knowledge of Campylobacter interaction with host cells and focuses on recently published data describing the efficacy of anti-Campylobacter vaccine prototypes.
Collapse
|