1
|
Arimitsu H, Sasaki K, Tsuji T. Immunochromatographic detection of the heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with cross-detection of cholera toxin. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 132:148-152. [PMID: 27940044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the development of an immunochromatographic test strip that can detect heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Five types of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-producing hybridomas were isolated: three mAbs were A subunit specific and two were B subunit specific. Four mAbs also cross-reacted with both LT proteins derived from swine and human E. coli strains, but only one mAb 57B9 additionally cross-reacted with cholera toxin. Thus, mAb 57B9 was used to form a gold colloid-conjugated antibody for the immunochromatographic test by combination with polyclonal anti-LT rabbit IgG. This test strip detected not only LT in the culture supernatant of LT gene-positive strains, but also cholera toxin in the culture supernatant of Vibrio cholerae. These results indicate that this test strip is suitable for the diagnosis of both enterotoxigenic E. coli and V. cholerae infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arimitsu
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arimitsu H, Sasaki K, Iba Y, Kurosawa Y, Shimizu T, Tsuji T. Isolation of B subunit-specific monoclonal antibody clones that strongly neutralize the toxicity of Shiga toxin 2. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:71-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arimitsu
- Department of Microbiology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192
| | - Yoshitaka Iba
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medicine; Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kurosawa
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medicine; Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Microbiology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi 470-1192
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi KS, Kim SH, Kim ED, Lee SH, Han SJ, Yoon S, Chang KT, Seo KY. Protection from hemolytic uremic syndrome by eyedrop vaccination with modified enterohemorrhagic E. coli outer membrane vesicles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100229. [PMID: 25032703 PMCID: PMC4102476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether eyedrop vaccination using modified outer membrane vesicles (mOMVs) is effective for protecting against hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection. Modified OMVs and waaJ-mOMVs were prepared from cultures of MsbB- and Shiga toxin A subunit (STxA)-deficient EHEC O157:H7 bacteria with or without an additional waaJ mutation. BALB/c mice were immunized by eyedrop mOMVs, waaJ-mOMVs, and mOMVs plus polymyxin B (PMB). Mice were boosted at 2 weeks, and challenged peritoneally with wild-type OMVs (wtOMVs) at 4 weeks. As parameters for evaluation of the OMV-mediated immune protection, serum and mucosal immunoglobulins, body weight change and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinin (Cr) were tested, as well as histopathology of renal tissue. In order to confirm the safety of mOMVs for eyedrop use, body weight and ocular histopathological changes were monitored in mice. Modified OMVs having penta-acylated lipid A moiety did not contain STxA subunit proteins but retained non-toxic Shiga toxin B (STxB) subunit. Removal of the polymeric O-antigen of O157 LPS was confirmed in waaJ-mOMVs. The mice group vaccinated with mOMVs elicited greater humoral and mucosal immune responses than did the waaJ-mOMVs and PBS-treated groups. Eyedrop vaccination of mOMVs plus PMB reduced the level of humoral and mucosal immune responses, suggesting that intact O157 LPS antigen can be a critical component for enhancing the immunogenicity of the mOMVs. After challenge, mice vaccinated with mOMVs were protected from a lethal dose of wtOMVs administered intraperitoneally, conversely mice in the PBS control group were not. Collectively, for the first time, EHEC O157-derived mOMV eyedrop vaccine was experimentally evaluated as an efficient and safe means of vaccine development against EHEC O157:H7 infection-associated HUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sub Choi
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang city, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangchul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- The National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KYS); (KTC)
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KYS); (KTC)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mejias MP, Ghersi G, Craig PO, Panek CA, Bentancor LV, Baschkier A, Goldbaum FA, Zylberman V, Palermo MS. Immunization with a chimera consisting of the B subunit of Shiga toxin type 2 and brucella lumazine synthase confers total protection against Shiga toxins in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2403-11. [PMID: 23918978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The striking feature of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections is the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) implicated in the development of the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome. Despite the magnitude of the social impact of EHEC infections, no licensed vaccine or effective therapy is available for human use. One of the biggest challenges is to develop an effective and safe immunogen to ensure nontoxicity, as well as a strong input to the immune system to induce long-lasting, high-affinity Abs with anti-Stx-neutralizing capacity. The enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is a highly stable dimer of pentamers and a scaffold with enormous plasticity on which to display foreign Ags. Taking into account the advantages of BLS and the potential capacity of the B subunit of Stx2 to induce Abs that prevent Stx2 toxicity by blocking its entrance into the host cells, we engineered a new immunogen by inserting the B subunit of Stx2 at the amino termini of BLS. The resulting chimera demonstrated a strong capacity to induce a long-lasting humoral immune response in mice. The chimera induced Abs with high neutralizing capacity for Stx2 and its variants. Moreover, immunized mice were completely protected against i.v. Stx2 challenge, and weaned mice receiving an oral challenge with EHEC were completely protected by the transference of immune sera. We conclude that this novel immunogen represents a promising candidate for vaccine or Ab development with preventive or therapeutic ends, for use in hemolytic uremic syndrome-endemic areas or during future outbreaks caused by pathogenic strains of Stx-producing E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María P Mejias
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arimitsu H, Sasaki K, Shimizu T, Tsukamoto K, Shimizu T, Tsuji T. Large-scale preparation of Shiga toxin 2 in Escherichia coli for toxoid vaccine antigen production. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:38-45. [PMID: 23157558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.12004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis, and in more severe cases, a serious clinical complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxin (Stx)is one of the factors that cause HUS. Serotypes of Stx produced by EHEC include Stx1 and Stx2. Although some genetically mutated toxoids of Stx have been developed, large-scale preparation of Stx that is practical for vaccine development has not been reported. Therefore, overexpression methods for Stx2 and mutant Stx2 (mStx2) in E. coli were developed. The expression plasmid pBSK-Stx2(His) was constructed by inserting the full-length Stx2 gene, in which a six-histidine tag gene was fused at the end of the B subunit into the lacZα fragment gene of the pBluescript II SK(+) vector. An E. coli MV1184 strain transformed with pBSK-Stx2(His) overexpressed histidine-tagged Stx2 (Stx2-His) in cells cultured in CAYE broth in the presence of lincomycin. Stx2-His was purified using TALON metal affinity resin followed by hydroxyapatite chromatography. From 1 L of culture, 68.8 mg of Stx2-His and 61.1 mg of mStx2-His, which was generated by site-directed mutagenesis, were obtained. Stx2-His had a cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and was lethal to mice. However, the toxicity of mStx2-His was approximately 1000-fold lower than that of Stx2-His. Mice immunized with mStx2-His produced specific antibodies that neutralized the toxicity of Stx2 in HeLa cells. Moreover, these mice survived challenge with high doses of Stx2-His. Therefore, the lincomycin-inducible overexpression method is suitable for large-scale preparation of Stx2 vaccine antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arimitsu
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan. arimitsu@fujita‐hu.ac.jp
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang SY, Chen YC. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Platform for Characterization of Histidine-Rich Proteins and Peptides. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3347-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neri P, Tokoro S, Kobayashi R, Sugiyama T, Umeda K, Shimizu T, Tsuji T, Kodama Y, Oguma K, Mori H. Specific egg yolk immunoglobulin as a new preventive approach for Shiga-toxin-mediated diseases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26526. [PMID: 22028896 PMCID: PMC3197529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are involved in the development of severe systemic complications associated with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection. Various neutralizing agents against Stxs are under investigation for management of EHEC infection. In this study, we immunized chickens with formalin-inactivated Stx-1 or Stx-2, and obtained immunoglobulin Y (IgY) from the egg yolk. Anti-Stx-1 IgY and anti-Stx-2 IgY recognized the corresponding Stx A subunit and polymeric but not monomeric B subunit. Anti-Stx-1 IgY and anti-Stx-2 IgY suppressed the cytotoxicity of Stx-1 and Stx-2 to HeLa 229 cells, without cross-suppressive activity. The suppressive activity of these IgY was abrogated by pre-incubation with the corresponding recombinant B subunit, which suggests that the antibodies directed to the polymeric B subunits were predominantly involved in the suppression. In vivo, the intraperitoneal or intravenous administration of these IgY rescued mice from death caused by intraperitoneal injection of the corresponding toxin at a lethal dose. Moreover, oral administration of anti-Stx-2 IgY reduced the mortality of mice infected intestinally with EHEC O157:H7. Our results therefore suggest that anti-Stx IgY antibodies may be considered as preventive agents for Stx-mediated diseases in EHEC infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Neri
- Microbiology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunji Tokoro
- Microbiology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Microbiology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiyama
- Microbiology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kouji Umeda
- Immunology Research Institute, GHEN Corporation, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Oguma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Microbiology, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaccination of attenuated EIS-producing Salmonella induces protective immunity against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:7395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
9
|
Single chain variable fragment antibodies against Shiga toxins isolated from a human antibody phage display library. Vaccine 2011; 29:5340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strains expressing a nontoxic Shiga-like toxin 2 derivative induce partial protective immunity to the toxin expressed by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:529-36. [PMID: 20147499 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00495-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (referred to as EHEC or STEC) strains are the primary etiologic agents of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which leads to renal failure and high mortality rates. Expression of Stx2 is the most relevant virulence-associated factor of EHEC strains, and toxin neutralization by antigen-specific serum antibodies represents the main target for both preventive and therapeutic anti-HUS approaches. In the present report, we describe two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium aroA vaccine strains expressing a nontoxic plasmid-encoded derivative of Stx2 (Stx2DeltaAB) containing the complete nontoxic A2 subunit and the receptor binding B subunit. The two S. Typhimurium strains differ in the expression of flagellin, the structural subunit of the flagellar shaft, which exerts strong adjuvant effects. The vaccine strains expressed Stx2DeltaAB, either cell bound or secreted into the extracellular environment, and showed enhanced mouse gut colonization and high plasmid stability under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Oral immunization of mice with three doses of the S. Typhimurium vaccine strains elicited serum anti-Stx2B (IgG) antibodies that neutralized the toxic effects of the native toxin under in vitro conditions (Vero cells) and conferred partial protection under in vivo conditions. No significant differences with respect to gut colonization or the induction of antigen-specific antibody responses were detected in mice vaccinated with flagellated versus nonflagellated bacterial strains. The present results indicate that expression of Stx2DeltaAB by attenuated S. Typhimurium strains is an alternative vaccine approach for HUS control, but additional improvements in the immunogenicity of Stx2 toxoids are still required.
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of Fab and F(ab')2 fragments and isotype variants of a recombinant human monoclonal antibody against Shiga toxin 2. Infect Immun 2010; 78:1376-82. [PMID: 20086088 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00867-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5C12 HuMAb is a human monoclonal antibody against the A subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). We have previously shown that 5C12 HuMAb effectively neutralizes the cytotoxic effects of this toxin by redirecting its transport within the cell and also by neutralizing the toxin's ability to inhibit protein synthesis. The 5C12 HuMAb and its recombinant IgG1 version protect mice at a dose of 0.6 microg against a lethal challenge of Stx2. The contribution of the Fc region to this observed neutralization activity of the 5C12 antibody against Stx2 was investigated in this study. Using recombinant DNA technology, 5C12 isotype variants (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and antibody fragments [Fab, F(ab')(2)] were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. All four 5C12 isotype variants showed protection in vitro, with the IgG3 and IgG4 variants showing the highest protection in vivo. The Fab and F(ab')(2) fragments also showed protection in vitro but no protection in the mouse toxicity model. Similar results were obtained for a second HuMAb (5H8) against the B subunit of Stx2. The data suggest the importance of the Fc region for neutralization activity, but it is not clear if this is related to the stability of the full-length antibody or if the Fc region is required for effective elimination of the toxin from the body.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu J, Liu Y, Yu S, Wang H, Wang Q, Yi Y, Zhu F, Yu XJ, Zou Q, Mao X. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli trivalent recombinant vaccine containing EspA, intimin and Stx2 induces strong humoral immune response and confers protection in mice. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:835-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|