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Kaldis A, Uddin MS, Guluarte JO, Martin C, Alexander TW, Menassa R. Development of a plant-based oral vaccine candidate against the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251046. [PMID: 37790785 PMCID: PMC10542578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) affects feedlot cattle across North America, resulting in economic losses due to animal treatment and reduced performance. In an effort to develop a vaccine candidate targeting a primary bacterial agent contributing to BRD, we produced a tripartite antigen consisting of segments of the virulence factor Leukotoxin A (LktA) and lipoprotein PlpE from Mannheimia haemolytica, fused to a cholera toxin mucosal adjuvant (CTB). This recombinant subunit vaccine candidate was expressed in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants, with accumulation tested in five subcellular compartments. The recombinant protein was found to accumulate highest in the endoplasmic reticulum, but targeting to the chloroplast was employed for scaling up production due the absence of post-translational modification while still producing feasible levels. Leaves were freeze dried, then orally administered to mice to determine its immunogenicity. Sera from mice immunized with leaf tissue expressing the recombinant antigen contained IgG antibodies, specifically recognizing both LktA and PlpE. These mice also had a mucosal immune response to the CTB+LktA+PlpE protein as measured by the presence of LktA- and PlpE-specific IgA antibodies in lung and fecal material. Moreover, the antigen remained stable at room temperature with limited deterioration for up to one year when stored as lyophilized plant material. This study demonstrated that a recombinant antigen expressed in plant tissue elicited both humoral and mucosal immune responses when fed to mice, and warrants evaluation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Kaldis
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammed Salah Uddin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jose Ortiz Guluarte
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Coby Martin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor W. Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine respiratory disease: immunogens, potential immunogens, and vaccines. Anim Health Res Rev 2019; 19:79-99. [PMID: 30683173 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252318000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is the major cause of severe pneumonia in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Early M. haemolytica bacterins were either ineffective or even enhanced disease in vaccinated cattle, which led to studies of the bacterium's virulence factors and potential immunogens to determine ways to improve vaccines. Studies have focused on the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, various adhesins, extracellular enzymes, outer membrane proteins, and leukotoxin (LKT) resulting in a strong database for understanding immune responses to the bacterium and production of more efficacious vaccines. The importance of immunity to LKT and to surface antigens in stimulating immunity led to studies of individual native or recombinant antigens, bacterial extracts, live-attenuated or mutant organisms, culture supernatants, combined bacterin-toxoids, outer membrane vesicles, and bacterial ghosts. Efficacy of several of these potential vaccines can be shown following experimental M. haemolytica challenge; however, efficacy in field trials is harder to determine due to the complexity of factors and etiologic agents involved in naturally occurring BRD. Studies of potential vaccines have led current commercial vaccines, which are composed primarily of culture supernatant, bacterin-toxoid, or live mutant bacteria. Several of those can be augmented experimentally by addition of recombinant LKT or outer membrane proteins.
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Zhang X, Outlaw C, Olivier AK, Woolums A, Epperson W, Wan XF. Pathogenesis of co-infections of influenza D virus and Mannheimia haemolytica in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:246-253. [PMID: 30955818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is economically significant, and influenza D virus (IDV) is commonly identified in cattle with BRD. Mannheimia haemolytica (MHA) is an opportunistic bacterial contributor to BRD; surveillance data suggest that MHA and IDV co-infection occurs in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic pathogenesis in cattle co-infected with IDV and MHA. Sixteen dairy calves were randomly assigned to four groups of four calves. The IDV + MHA + group received D/bovine/C00046 N/Mississippi/2014 (D/46 N) intranasally at 0 days post-inoculation (DPI) and Mannheimia haemolytica D153 (MHA D153) intratracheally at 5 DPI. The IDV + MHA- group received only D/46 N at 0 DPI; the IDV-MHA + group received only MHA D153 at 5 DPI; and the IDV-MHA- group received neither agent. Clinical scores were calculated twice daily. At 10 DPI, IDV + MHA+, IDV-MHA+, and IDV-MHA- calves were euthanized and evaluated for pathologic lesions. The IDV + groups seroconverted to IDV by 10 DPI. Clinical scores were higher in IDV + groups than IDV- groups on 2-5 DPI (p = 0.001). After MHA challenge on 5 DPI, clinical scores (6-10 DPI) were slightly lower in IDV+MHA+ group than IDV-MHA+ group (p < 0.05) but not significantly different between MHA+ groups and MHA- groups. The average gross pathology score was higher for IDV-MHA+ group than groups IDV-MHA- and IDV+MHA+; however, no significant differences were identified among groups. Under the conditions of this study, infection with IDV before MHA enhance neither clinical disease nor lung pathology, relative to calves infected with MHA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
| | - Caitlyn Outlaw
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
| | - Amelia Woolums
- Department of Population and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
| | - William Epperson
- Department of Population and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, United States.
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Murugananthan A, Shanthalingam S, Batra SA, Alahan S, Srikumaran S. Leukotoxin of Bibersteinia trehalosi Contains a Unique Neutralizing Epitope, and a Non-Neutralizing Epitope Shared with Mannheimia haemolytica Leukotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060220. [PMID: 29848968 PMCID: PMC6024558 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bibersteinia trehalosi and Mannheimia haemolytica, originally classified as Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T and biotype A, respectively, under Genus Pasteurella has now been placed under two different Genera, Bibersteinia and Mannheimia, based on DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S RNA studies. While M. haemolytica has been the predominant pathogen of pneumonia in ruminants, B. trehalosi is emerging as an important pathogen of ruminant pneumonia. Leukotoxin is the critical virulence factor of these two pathogens. While the leukotoxin of M. haemolytica has been well studied, the characterization of B. trehalosi leukotoxin has lagged behind. As the first step towards addressing this problem, we developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against B. trehalosi leukotoxin and used them to characterize the leukotoxin epitopes. Two mAbs that recognized sequential epitopes on the leukotoxin were developed. One of them, AM113, neutralized B. trehalosi leukotoxin while the other, AM321, did not. The mAb AM113 revealed the existence of a neutralizing epitope on B. trehalosi leukotoxin that is not present on M. haemolytica leukotoxin. A previously developed mAb, MM601, revealed the presence of a neutralizing epitope on M. haemolytica leukotoxin that is not present on B. trehalosi leukotoxin. The mAb AM321 recognized a non-neutralizing epitope shared by the leukotoxins of B. trehalosi and M. haemolytica. The mAb AM113 should pave the way for mapping the leukotoxin-neutralizing epitope on B. trehalosi leukotoxin and the development of subunit vaccines and/or virus-vectored vaccines against this economically important respiratory pathogen of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Murugananthan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
| | - Sai Arun Batra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
| | - Sitara Alahan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Srikumaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
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Oppermann T, Busse N, Czermak P. Mannheimia haemolytica growth and leukotoxin production for vaccine manufacturing — A bioprocess review. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ayalew S, Confer AW, Hartson SD, Canaan PJ, Payton M, Couger B. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of putative Mannheimia haemolytica secretome by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Immunization of bighorn sheep against Mannheimia haemolytica with a bovine herpesvirus 1-vectored vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:1630-1636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tucci P, Estevez V, Becco L, Cabrera-Cabrera F, Grotiuz G, Reolon E, Marín M. Identification of Leukotoxin and other vaccine candidate proteins in a Mannheimia haemolytica commercial antigen. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00158. [PMID: 27699279 PMCID: PMC5035357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease is the most costly disease that affects beef and dairy cattle industry. Its etiology is multifactorial, arising from predisposing environmental stress conditions as well as the action of several different respiratory pathogens. This situation has hindered the development of effective control strategies. Although different type of vaccines are available, many currently marketed vaccines are based on inactivated cultures of the main viral and bacterial agents involved in this pathology. The molecular composition of commercial veterinary vaccines is a critical issue. The present work aims to define at the proteomic level the most relevant valence of a line of commercial respiratory vaccines widely used in Central and South America. Since Mannheimia haemolytica is responsible for most of the disease associated morbid-mortality, we focused on the main proteins secreted by this pathogen, in particular Leukotoxin A, its main virulence factor. By Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry, Leukotoxin A was identified as a major component of M. haemolytica culture supernatants. We also identified other ten M. haemolytica proteins, including outer membrane proteins, periplasmic transmembrane solute transporters and iron binding proteins, which are relevant to achieve protective immunity against the pathogen. This work allowed a detailed molecular characterization of this vaccine component, providing evidence of its quality and efficacy. Furthermore, our results contributed to the identification of several proteins of interest as subunit vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tucci
- Biotechnology Division, Laboratorios Celsius, S.A. Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo, Uruguay; Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Estevez
- Biotechnology Division, Laboratorios Celsius, S.A. Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lorena Becco
- Biotechnology Division, Laboratorios Celsius, S.A. Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Cabrera-Cabrera
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Germán Grotiuz
- Virbac Uruguay, S.A. Avda. Millán 4175, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Reolon
- Virbac Uruguay, S.A. Avda. Millán 4175, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mónica Marín
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Batra SA, Shanthalingam S, Donofrio G, Srikumaran S. A chimeric protein comprising the immunogenic domains of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin and outer membrane protein PlpE induces antibodies against leukotoxin and PlpE. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 175:36-41. [PMID: 27269790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is a very important pathogen of pneumonia in ruminants. Bighorn sheep (BHS, Ovis canadensis) are highly susceptible to M. haemolytica-caused pneumonia which has significantly contributed to the drastic decline of bighorn sheep population in North America. Pneumonia outbreaks in wild BHS can cause mortality as high as 90%. Leukotoxin is the critical virulence factor of M. haemolytica. In a 'proof of concept' study, an experimental vaccine containing leukotoxin and surface antigens of M. haemolytica developed by us induced 100% protection of BHS, but required multiple booster injections. Vaccination of wild BHS is difficult. But they can be vaccinated at the time of transplantation into a new habitat. Administration of booster doses, however, is impossible. Therefore, a vaccine that does not require booster doses is necessary to immunize BHS against M. haemolytica pneumonia. Herpesviruses are ideal vectors for development of such a vaccine because of their ability to undergo latency with subsequent reactivation. As the first step towards developing a herpesvirus-vectored vaccine, we constructed a chimeric protein comprising the leukotoxin-neutralizing epitopes and the immuno-dominant epitopes of the outer membrane protein PlpE. The chimeric protein was efficiently expressed in primary BHS lung cells. The immunogenicity of the chimeric protein was evaluated in mice before inoculating BHS. Mice immunized with the chimeric protein developed antibodies against M. haemolytica leukotoxin and PlpE. More importantly, the anti-leukotoxin antibodies effectively neutralized leukotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results represent the successful completion of the first step towards developing a herpesvirus-vectored vaccine for controlling M. haemolytica pneumonia in BHS, and possibly other ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Arun Batra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Subramaniam Srikumaran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
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Wilson BK, Vazquez-Anon M, Step DL, Moyer KD, Haviland CL, Maxwell CL, O'Neill CF, Gifford CA, Krehbiel CR, Richards CJ. Effect of copper, manganese, and zinc supplementation on the performance, clinical signs, and mineral status of calves following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent Mannheimia haemolytica infection1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1123-40. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Theurer ME, Anderson DE, White BJ, Miesner MD, Mosier DA, Coetzee JF, Lakritz J, Amrine DE. Effect of Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia on behavior and physiologic responses of calves during high ambient environmental temperatures1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3917-29. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Theurer
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - D. E. Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan 66506
| | - B. J. White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan 66506
| | - M. D. Miesner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan 66506
| | - D. A. Mosier
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. F. Coetzee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. Lakritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - D. E. Amrine
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Proteomic analysis and immunogenicity of Mannheimia haemolytica vesicles. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 20:191-6. [PMID: 23239798 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00622-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica, a major causative agent in bovine respiratory disease, inflicts extensive losses each year on cattle producers. Commercially available vaccines are only partially efficacious. Immunity to M. haemolytica requires antibodies to secreted toxins and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the bacterium. Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane blebs or vesicles, the membrane components of which are primarily derived from OMPs. Accordingly, vesicles have been used as immunogens with various degrees of success. This study characterized components of M. haemolytica vesicles and determined their immunogenicity in mice and cattle. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of vesicles from this bacterium identified 226 proteins, of which 58 (25.6%) were OMPs and periplasmic and one (0.44%) was extracellular. Vesicles were used to vaccinate dairy calves and BALB/c mice. Analyses of sera from calves and mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that circulating antibodies against M. haemolytica whole cells and leukotoxin were significantly higher on days 21 and 28 (P < 0.05) than on day 0. For control calves and mice, there were no significant differences in serum anti-whole-cell and leukotoxin antibody levels from days 0 and 21 or 28, respectively. Lesion scores of lungs from vaccinated calves (15.95%) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those from nonvaccinated calves (42.65%). Sera from mice on day 28 and calves on day 21 showed 100% serum bactericidal activity. Sera from vesicle-vaccinated mice neutralized leukotoxin.
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Two outer membrane lipoproteins from Histophilus somni are immunogenic in rabbits and sheep and induce protection against bacterial challenge in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1826-32. [PMID: 22971783 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00451-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Histophilus somni is an economically important pathogen of cattle and other ruminants and is considered one of the key components of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex, the leading cause of economic loss in the livestock industry. BRD is a multifactorial syndrome, in which a triad of agents, including bacteria, viruses, and predisposing factors or "stressors," combines to induce disease. Although vaccines against H. somni have been used for many decades, traditional bacterins have failed to demonstrate effective protection in vaccinated animals. Hence, the BRD complex continues to produce strong adverse effects on the health and well-being of stock and feeder cattle. The generation of recombinant proteins may facilitate the development of more effective vaccines against H. somni, which could confer better protection against BRD. In the present study, primers were designed to amplify, clone, express, and purify two recombinant lipoproteins from H. somni, p31 (Plp4) and p40 (LppB), which are structural proteins of the outer bacterial membrane. The results presented here demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that when formulated, an experimental vaccine enriched with these two recombinant lipoproteins generates high antibody titers in rabbits and sheep and exerts a protective effect in mice against septicemia induced by H. somni bacterial challenge.
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Guzmán-Brambila C, Quintero-Fabián S, González-Castillo C, de Obeso-Fernández del Valle Á, Flores-Samaniego B, de la Mora G, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. LKTA and PlpE small fragments fusion protein protect against Mannheimia haemolytica challenge. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1293-300. [PMID: 22840333 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a major cause of economic losses for the cattle backgrounding and feedlot industries. Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the most important pathogen associated with this disease. Vaccines against M. haemolytica have been prepared and used for many decades, but traditional bacterins have failed to demonstrate effective protection and their use has often exacerbated disease in vaccinated animals. Thus, the BRD complex continues to exert a strong adverse effect on the health and wellbeing of stocker and feeder cattle. Therefore, generation of recombinant proteins has been helpful in formulating enhanced vaccines against M. haemolytica, which could confer better protection against BRD. In the present study, we formulated a vaccine preparation enriched with recombinant small fragments of leukotoxin A (LKTA) and outer-membrane lipoprotein (PlpE) proteins, and demonstrated its ability to generate high antibody titers in rabbits and sheep, which protected against M. haemolytica bacterial challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guzmán-Brambila
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, camino Ing. R. Padilla Sánchez, 2100, Las Agujas, Zapopan 44600, Mexico
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Immunogenicity of Mannheimia haemolytica recombinant outer membrane proteins serotype 1-specific antigen, OmpA, OmpP2, and OmpD15. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2067-74. [PMID: 21976226 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05332-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified Mannheimia haemolytica outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that may be important immunogens by using immunoproteomic analyses. Genes for serotype 1-specific antigen (SSA-1), OmpA, OmpP2, and OmpD15 were cloned and expressed, and recombinant proteins were purified. Objective 1 of this study was to demonstrate immunogenicity of the four recombinant OMPs in mice and cattle. Objective 2 was to determine if the addition of individual recombinant OMPs or combinations of them would modify immune responsiveness of mice to the recombinant chimeric protein SAC89, containing the main epitope from M. haemolytica outer membrane lipoprotein PlpE and the neutralizing epitope of M. haemolytica leukotoxin. Mice vaccinated with recombinant OmpA (rOmpA), rSSA-1, rOmpD15, and rOmpP2 developed significant antibody responses to M. haemolytica outer membranes and to the homologous recombinant OMP. Cattle vaccinated with rOmpA and rSSA-1 developed significant antibodies to M. haemolytica outer membranes by day 28, whereas cattle vaccinated with rOmpD15 and rOmpP2 developed only minimal responses. Sera from cattle vaccinated with each of the recombinant proteins stimulated complement-mediated killing of the bacterium. Concurrent vaccination with SAC89 plus any of the four rOMPs singly resulted in increased endpoint anti-SAC89 titers, and for the SAC89/rSSA-1 vaccinees, the response was increased significantly. In contrast, the SAC89/P2/SSA-1 and SAC89/OmpA/P2/D15/SSA-1 combination vaccines resulted in significant decreases in anti-SAC89 antibodies compared to SAC89 vaccination alone. In conclusion, under the conditions of these experiments, vaccination of mice and cattle with rOmpA and rSSA-1 stimulated high antibody responses and may have protective vaccine potential.
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Ayalew S, Shrestha B, Montelongo M, Wilson AE, Confer AW. Identification and immunogenicity of Mannheimia haemolytica S1 outer membrane lipoprotein PlpF. Vaccine 2011; 29:8712-8. [PMID: 21875637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunity against Mannheimia haemolytica requires antibodies against leukotoxin (LKT) and bacterial cell surface antigens, most likely immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Five immunogenic outer membrane lipoproteins identified and characterized in M. haemolytica were designated Pasteurella lipoproteins (Plp) A, -B, -C, -D and -E. Using immunoproteomics, we identified a heretofore-uncharacterized M. haemolytica immunogenic outer membrane lipoprotein that we designated PlpF, which was previously designated in the published sequence as a conserved hypothetical protein. We cloned and expressed rPlpF from two M. haemolytica serotype 1 strains (SAC159 and SAC160) and demonstrated a variable number of perfect (KKTEED) or imperfect (KKaEEa) repeats between residues 41 and 76 on the N-terminus. Antigenicity plots predicted the N-terminus repeat region to be highly antigenic. The plpF gene in multiple M. haemolytica S1, S2, and S6 isolates varied in the number of repeats from three to seven. C-terminal region was highly conserved. Immunization of mice with SAC159 or SAC160 demonstrated immunogenicity in a dose-response manner. Immunization of calves demonstrated an increase in antibodies to PlpF, and rPlpF antibodies stimulated complement-mediated killing of M. haemolytica. Because calves had pre-existing anti-M. haemolytica antibodies due to prior natural exposure, functionality of the anti-PlpF antibody responses were demonstrated by marked reduction of complement-mediated killing by blocking of anti-PlpF antibodies with rPlpF In conclusion, PlpF might have vaccination potential against M. haemolytica infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahlu Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Rose-Dye TK, Burciaga-Robles LO, Krehbiel CR, Step DL, Fulton RW, Confer AW, Richards CJ. Rumen temperature change monitored with remote rumen temperature boluses after challenges with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mannheimia haemolytica12. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1193-200. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Burciaga-Robles LO, Step DL, Krehbiel CR, Holland BP, Richards CJ, Montelongo MA, Confer AW, Fulton RW. Effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent infection with Mannheima haemolytica on clinical signs and immune variables: Model for bovine respiratory disease via viral and bacterial interaction1,2. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2166-78. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Griffin D. Bovine pasteurellosis and other bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010; 26:57-71, table of contents. [PMID: 20117542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite technological, biologic, and pharmacologic advances the bacterial component of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex continues to have a major adverse effect on the health and wellbeing of stocker and feeder cattle. Overlooked in this disappointing assessment is evaluation of the effects that working with younger, lighter-weight cattle have on managing the bacterial component of the BRD complex. Most problems associated with BRD come from cattle taken from and comingled with cattle operations that have inconsistent or nonexistent cattle health management. This article reviews the biologic, clinical, and management aspects of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, primarily as related to current production management considerations of stocker and feeder cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Griffin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska, Clay Center, NE 68933-0148, USA.
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20
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Ayalew S, Confer AW, Hartson SD, Shrestha B. Immunoproteomic analyses of outer membrane proteins of Mannheimia haemolytica and identification of potential vaccine candidates. Proteomics 2010; 10:2151-64. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Ayalew S, Step DL, Montelongo M, Confer AW. Intranasal vaccination of calves with Mannheimia haemolytica chimeric protein containing the major surface epitope of outer membrane lipoprotein PlpE, the neutralizing epitope of leukotoxin, and cholera toxin subunit B. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 132:295-302. [PMID: 19581005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to determine if intranasal vaccination of weaned beef calves with a chimeric protein containing the immunodominant surface epitope of Mannheimia haemolytica PlpE (R2) and the neutralizing epitope of leukotoxin (NLKT) covalently linked to truncated cholera toxin (CT) subunit B (CTB) could stimulate secretory and systemic antibodies against M. haemolytica while enhancing resistance of cattle against M. haemolytica intrabronchial challenge. Sixteen weaned beef calves were intranasally vaccinated with CTB-R2-NLKT chimeric (SAC102) or with R2-NLKT-R2-NLKT chimeric (SAC89) protein with or without native CT on days 0 and 14 and were challenged intrabronchially on day 28. In vitro, SAC102 bound the CT receptor molecule, GM(1)-ganglioside. Mean IgA antibodies to M. haemolytica whole cells (WC) and to LKT were high on day 0. A small, yet significant increase (p<0.05) was found in mean nasal antibodies to M. haemolytica WC for the SAC89+CT and SAC102 vaccinates after the second vaccination. SAC102 stimulated significant (p<0.05) mean serum antibody responses to all three antigens by day 28. Following challenge, mean antibodies to WC and LKT significantly increased (p<0.05) for the SAC102, SAC89 and SAC89+CT groups with the mean antibody responses to rPlpE stimulated by SAC102 vaccination being significantly higher (p<0.05) than for the other vaccinated and control groups. On day 1 after challenge, mean clinical score for the control group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than for the SAC102 and SAC89+CT vaccinates, and by day 2 after challenge, clinical score for the control group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than for all three chimeric vaccinated groups. Therefore, intranasal vaccination with CTB-R2-NLKT (SAC102) and R2-NLKT-R2-NLKT (SAC89) chimeric proteins enhanced resistance against intrabronchial challenge with the bacterium as well as stimulating antibody responses to M. haemolytica antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA
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22
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Confer AW, Ayalew S, Step DL, Trojan B, Montelongo M. Intranasal vaccination of young Holstein calves with Mannheimia haemolytica chimeric protein PlpE-LKT (SAC89) and cholera toxin. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 132:232-6. [PMID: 19477022 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A W Confer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, United States.
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