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Chinawa AT, Ossai EN, Onukwuli VO, Nduagubam OC, Uwaezuoke NA, Okafor CN, Chinawa JM. Willingness to accept malaria vaccines amongst women presenting at outpatient and immunization clinics in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria. Malar J 2024; 23:117. [PMID: 38664783 PMCID: PMC11044559 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are giant steps taken in the introduction of the novel malaria vaccine poised towards reducing mortality and morbidity associated with malaria. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the knowledge of malaria vaccine and factors militating against willingness to accept the vaccine among mothers presenting in nine hospitals in Enugu metropolis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 491 mothers who presented with their children in nine hospitals in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria. A pre-tested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in this study. RESULTS A majority of the respondents, 72.1% were aware of malaria vaccine. A majority of the respondents, 83.1% were willing to receive malaria vaccine. Similarly, a majority of the mothers, 92.9%, were willing to vaccinate baby with the malaria vaccine, while 81.1% were willing to vaccinate self and baby with the malaria vaccine. The subjects who belong to the low socio-economic class were five times less likely to vaccinate self and baby with malaria vaccine when compared with those who were in the high socio-economic class (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). Mothers who had good knowledge of malaria vaccination were 3.3 times more likely to vaccinate self and baby with malaria vaccine when compared with those who had poor knowledge of malaria vaccination (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI 1-6-6.8). CONCLUSION Although the study documented a high vaccine acceptance among the mothers, there exists a poor knowledge of the malaria vaccine among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoere T Chinawa
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine ESUT, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Edmund N Ossai
- Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Obinna C Nduagubam
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinyere N Okafor
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria.
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Chinawa AT, Ossai EN, Onukwuli VO, Nduagubam OC, Uwaezuoke NA, Okafor CN, Chinawa JM. Willingness to accept malaria vaccines amongst women presenting at outpatient and immunization clinics in Enugu state, Southeast Nigeria. Malar J 2024; 23:117. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are giant steps taken in the introduction of the novel malaria vaccine poised towards reducing mortality and morbidity associated with malaria.
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the knowledge of malaria vaccine and factors militating against willingness to accept the vaccine among mothers presenting in nine hospitals in Enugu metropolis.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 491 mothers who presented with their children in nine hospitals in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria. A pre-tested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in this study.
Results
A majority of the respondents, 72.1% were aware of malaria vaccine. A majority of the respondents, 83.1% were willing to receive malaria vaccine. Similarly, a majority of the mothers, 92.9%, were willing to vaccinate baby with the malaria vaccine, while 81.1% were willing to vaccinate self and baby with the malaria vaccine. The subjects who belong to the low socio-economic class were five times less likely to vaccinate self and baby with malaria vaccine when compared with those who were in the high socio-economic class (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5). Mothers who had good knowledge of malaria vaccination were 3.3 times more likely to vaccinate self and baby with malaria vaccine when compared with those who had poor knowledge of malaria vaccination (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI 1–6–6.8).
Conclusion
Although the study documented a high vaccine acceptance among the mothers, there exists a poor knowledge of the malaria vaccine among them.
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Wu L, Huang Z, Guo X, Liu J, Sun X. Measuring parents' acceptance of non-national immunization program vaccines for children and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2069427. [PMID: 35727599 PMCID: PMC9302520 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2069427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the willingness of and affecting factors of non-national immunization program (non-NIP) vaccines among children's parents during the COVID-19 era in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with parents who attended vaccination clinics in four out of 16 districts in Shanghai, China. Data was obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with vaccination acceptability. In total, 1691 valid questionnaires were obtained. Of the participants, 69.5% (1,176/1,691) reported being interested in non-NIP vaccines for their children. Further, respondents were more likely to be willing to get non-NIP vaccines for their children if they had an income of 10,000-20,000CNY or more, an educational level of college or above, and if getting the vaccination was moderately convenient or convenient. Respondents were less likely to be willing to get the vaccines if they were in the 30-39 age group and had moderate or low satisfaction with the vaccine. Many parents are willing to get non-NIP vaccines for their children. However, some demographic factors, perceived convenience and satisfaction of vaccination, perceived necessity, safety and price barrier of non- NIP influenced the acceptability of non-NIP vaccines in Shanghai. Our findings can help guide future efforts to increase non-NIP vaccines acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Huang
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiechen Liu
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Immunization Program, Shanghai Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, China
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Lee J, Huang Y. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Socioeconomic Factors and Spatial Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030352. [PMID: 35334984 PMCID: PMC8950417 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the spatial dimension of socioeconomic and demographic factors behind COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. With a focus on a county with considerable sociodemographic diversity in the state of Texas, USA, we apply regression models to census-tract-level data of the unvaccinated population. In addition to disparities in accessing the vaccination service, particularly for residents in rural areas, empirical results confirm under-vaccination among lower socioeconomic neighborhoods and communities with signs of distrust in government. The spatial model regressions further underscore the impact that vaccine hesitancy among residents in one community spread to its nearby communities. This observed spatial spillover effect is attributable to the geographic interactions of similar socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Lee
- College of Business, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-361-825-5831
| | - Yuxia Huang
- School of Engineering & Computing Sciences, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
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Noh EB, Nam HK, Lee H. Which Group Should be Vaccinated First?: A Systematic Review. Infect Chemother 2021; 53:261-270. [PMID: 34216120 PMCID: PMC8258295 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the supply of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines will be limited worldwide, it is essential to prioritize vaccination based on scientific evidence. Although several frameworks and studies on vaccine distribution have been published, no published systematic review has evaluated the prioritization of the COVID-19 vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched 4 different databases, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE for articles published between January 2019 and December 31, 2020. Studies were included if they contained the primary search terms "vaccine", "COVID-19", and "prioritization". In addition, we manually included reports from national and international websites. RESULTS Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, older adults were the most frequently mentioned group, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were mentioned as the 1st priority group. HCWs and patients with comorbidities were the 2nd and 3rd most frequently mentioned groups in the reviewed papers. Reducing severe COVID-19 was the most frequently mentioned goal. CONCLUSION Since vaccination programs have been initiated in several countries, scientific evidence on vaccination prioritization is needed to increase our knowledge of general vaccine prioritization and improve vaccine acceptance. Our results showed that HCWs and older adults were the most frequently valued in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Noh
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hae-Kweun Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hocheol Lee
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Special issues raised by evolving areas of clinical research. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN PREPARING A CLINICAL RESEARCH PROTOCOL 2020. [PMCID: PMC7329119 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386935-7.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Each study presents its own set of ethical considerations. Certain kinds of ethical issues are inherent in particular areas of clinical research, regardless of specific ethical questions associated with a specific study. In this chapter, some of the most common special areas of clinical research are presented, highlighting the ethical issues most frequently associated with each.
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Żuk P, Żuk P. One of the recent attacks of smallpox in Europe: A massive vaccination campaign during the epidemic in Wrocław in 1963. Vaccine 2019; 37:6125-6131. [PMID: 31455585 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on archival materials, collected literature and archival articles analysing the clinical course of the disease, the article presents the medical and social course of one of the recent epidemics of smallpox in Europe, which took place in Wrocław in 1963. During the epidemic, 99 people fell ill and seven of them died. The authors describe how a mass vaccination campaign was organised in the city and the entire surrounding region. This historical study shows not only the course of the epidemic itself, but also the ways to prevent and deal with infectious diseases and the organisation of vaccinations in communist Poland. The authors also discuss the issue of the relationship between the vaccination period and the course of smallpox in patients and show the scale of post-vaccination complications in the situation of mass vaccination against smallpox. Although the article refers to historical events, it draws attention to the topicality of challenges posed by the variola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Żuk
- University of Wrocław, Department of Sociology, Poland; The Centre for Civil Rights and Democracy Research, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żuk
- The Centre for Civil Rights and Democracy Research, Poland.
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Hudson LC, Seabolt BS, Odle J, Bost KL, Stahl CH, Piller KJ. Sublethal staphylococcal enterotoxin B challenge model in pigs to evaluate protection following immunization with a soybean-derived vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:24-32. [PMID: 23114702 PMCID: PMC3535777 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00526-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop a sustainable platform for manufacturing protein-based vaccine candidates, we expressed a triple mutant of staphylococcal enterotoxin B carrying the L45R, Y89A, and Y94A modifications in transgenic soybean seeds (soy-mSEB). Soy-mSEB possessed no detectable superantigen activity in vitro. We found that this soybean-derived, nontoxic mutant of SEB could be stably expressed, stored in seeds for extended periods at room temperature without degradation, and easily purified from contaminating soy proteins. Vaccination of pigs with purified soy-mSEB, or the identical triple mutant expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli-mSEB), resulted in high antibody titers against the native toxin in immunized animals. In fact, titers were indistinguishable regardless of the immunogen used, demonstrating the equivalence of soy-mSEB and E. coli-mSEB vaccinations. Antisera from either immunized group were able to block native SEB superantigen activity in an in vitro neutralization assay. Similar results were obtained when immunized animals were challenged with a sublethal dose of native toxin. Significant reductions in toxin-induced serum cytokine levels were observed in soy-mSEB- and E. coli-mSEB-immunized pigs compared to control animals. The reductions in SEB-induced cytokine responses were similar regardless of the immunogen used for vaccination. Surprisingly, however, some clinical symptoms, such as prostration, lethargy, emesis, and/or diarrhea, were still observed in all immunized animals. These studies demonstrate the potential for soybean-derived proteins as a platform technology for sustainable vaccine manufacturing and the usefulness of a sublethal challenge model in pigs for evaluating the efficacy of potential SEB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
- SoyMeds, Inc., Davidson, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brynn S. Seabolt
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Bost
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
- SoyMeds, Inc., Davidson, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chad H. Stahl
- Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Piller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
- SoyMeds, Inc., Davidson, North Carolina, USA
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