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Ali S, Mushtaq A, Hassan L, Syed MA, Foster JT, Dadar M. Molecular epidemiology of brucellosis in Asia: insights from genotyping analyses. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10519-5. [PMID: 39230771 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis infects humans and animals worldwide but is particularly prevalent in Asia. In many Asian countries, molecular diagnostic tools for accurate molecular diagnostics and molecular epidemiology are lacking. Nonetheless, some countries have conducted in-depth molecular epidemiological studies. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic relationships, geographic origins, and distributions of Brucella strains across Asia for two primary species, B. abortus and B. melitensis. For this, we systematically searched genotyping data from published studies on the molecular epidemiology of Brucella species for both humans and livestock in Asia. We used data from multilocus sequence typing (MLST), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing analysis of Brucella strains. We also analyzed the MLVA genotypes of 129 B. abortus isolates and 242 B. melitensis isolates with known origins in Asia from an online MLVA database using MLVA-11 data in minimum spanning trees and MLVA-16 data in neighbor-joining trees. We found that the B. melitensis East Mediterranean lineage is predominant across the continent, with only a small number of samples from the Africa and Americas lineages, and none from the West Mediterranean lineage. The "abortus C" genotype was the most common group of B. abortus in Asia, with limited genetic variation for this species. Several studies also reported that Near Eastern countries frequently encounter human brucellosis cases of B. abortus from genotypes 42 and 43. Our study highlights the inconsistent collection of genetic data for Brucella species across Asia and a need for more extensive sampling in most countries. Finally, a consistent nomenclature is necessary to define various groupings of strains within a lineage (i.e., clade) so uniform terminology should denote particular genetic groups that are understood by all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan.
| | - Areeba Mushtaq
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Brucellosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Whatmore AM, Foster JT. Emerging diversity and ongoing expansion of the genus Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104865. [PMID: 33872784 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable genetic diversity and breadth of host species has been uncovered in the Brucella genus over the past decade, fundamentally changing our concept of what it means to be a Brucella. From ocean fishes and marine mammals, to pond dwelling amphibians, forest foxes, desert rodents, and cave-dwelling bats, Brucella have revealed a variety of previously unknown niches. Classical microbiological techniques have been able to help us classify many of these new strains but at times have limited our ability to see the true relationships among or within species. The closest relatives of Brucella are soil bacteria and the adaptations of Brucella spp. to live intracellularly suggest that the genus has evolved to live in vertebrate hosts. Several recently discovered species appear to have phenotypes that are intermediate between soil bacteria and core Brucella, suggesting that they may represent ancestral traits that were subsequently lost in the traditional species. Remarkably, the broad relationships among Brucella species using a variety of sequence and fragment-based approaches have been upheld when using comparative genomics with whole genomes. Nonetheless, genomes are required for fine-scale resolution of many of the relationships and for understanding the evolutionary history of the genus. We expect that the coming decades will reveal many more hosts and previously unknown diversity in a wide range of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Torres Higuera LD, Jiménez Velásquez SDC, Rodríguez Bautista JL, Patiño Burbano RE. Identification of Brucella abortus biovar 4 of bovine origin in Colombia. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:221-228. [PMID: 30551811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify twelve Brucella abortus isolates of bovine origin from the department of Nariño in Colombia up to the biovar level. These isolates are included in the collection of the Germplasm Bank of Microorganisms of Animal Health Interest - Bacteria and Virus (BGSA-BV). The identification was carried out through conventional methods such as macro and microscopic morphological descriptions, enzymatic activity, biochemical profile, substrate use and sensitivity to dyes. Complementary genotypic characterization was carried out using multiplex PCR for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis-Erytritol (AMOS-ERY-PCR), RFLP-IS711, by southern blot hybridization, as well as by the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) using the ery gene and the insertion sequence IS711 and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) as molecular markers. The results of the phenotypic and molecular characterization allowed to identify twelve isolates as B. abortus biovar 4 as well as to differentiate field from vaccine strains. This is the first study on the phenotypic and molecular identification of B. abortus isolates in Colombia. It was concluded that the phenotypic and molecular identification of twelve isolates as B. abortus biovar 4 could be achieved using conventional and molecular techniques with enough resolution power. The identification of these isolates to the biovar level in taxonomic and epidemiological terms will allow the use of this genetic resource as reference strains in future research. This finding constitutes the basis for identifying biotypes not previously reported in the country that might be useful to support brucellosis survey programs in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia D Torres Higuera
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Sabrina Del C Jiménez Velásquez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - José L Rodríguez Bautista
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rocio E Patiño Burbano
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Centro de investigación Tibaitatá, Km 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia.
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Shevtsova E, Shevtsov A, Mukanov K, Filipenko M, Kamalova D, Sytnik I, Syzdykov M, Kuznetsov A, Akhmetova A, Zharova M, Karibaev T, Tarlykov P, Ramanculov E. Epidemiology of Brucellosis and Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus in Kazakhstan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167496. [PMID: 27907105 PMCID: PMC5132193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic infection in Kazakhstan. However, there is limited data on its incidence in humans and animals, and the genetic diversity of prevalent strains is virtually unstudied. Additionally, there is no detailed overview of Kazakhstan brucellosis control and eradication programs. Here, we analyzed brucellosis epidemiological data, and assessed the effectiveness of eradication strategies employed over the past 70 years to counteract this infection. We also conducted multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Brucella abortus strains found in Kazakhstan. We analyzed official data on the incidence of animal brucellosis in Kazakhstan. The records span more than 70 years of anti-brucellosis campaigns, and contain a brief description of the applied control strategies, their effectiveness, and their impact on the incidence in humans. The MLVA-16 method was used to type 94 strains of B. abortus and serial passages of B. abortus 82, a strain used in vaccines. MLVA-8 and MLVA-11 analyses clustered strains into a total of four and seven genotypes, respectively; it is the first time that four of these genotypes have been described. MLVA-16 analysis divided strains into 28 distinct genotypes having genetic similarity coefficient that varies from 60 to100% and a Hunter & Gaston diversity index of 0.871. MST analysis reconstruction revealed clustering into "Kazakhstani-Chinese (Central Asian)", "European" and "American" lines. Detection of multiple genotypes in a single outbreak confirms that poorly controlled trade of livestock plays a crucial role in the spread of infection. Notably, the MLVA-16 profile of the B. abortus 82 strain was unique and did not change during 33 serial passages. MLVA genotyping may thus be useful for epidemiological monitoring of brucellosis, and for tracking the source(s) of infection. We suggest that countrywide application of MLVA genotyping would improve the control of brucellosis in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kasim Mukanov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor Sytnik
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Syzdykov
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases named by Masgut Aykimbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Kuznetsov
- Kazakh Scientific Center of Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases named by Masgut Aykimbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Akhmetova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mira Zharova
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibaev
- National Reference Center for Veterinary, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Erlan Ramanculov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Science and Technology Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Allen A, Breadon E, Byrne A, Mallon T, Skuce R, Groussaud P, Dainty A, Graham J, Jones K, Pollock L, Whatmore A. Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus in Northern Ireland-1991 to 2012. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136721. [PMID: 26325586 PMCID: PMC4556700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus has far reaching animal health and economic impacts at both the local and national levels. Alongside traditional veterinary epidemiology, the use of molecular typing has recently been applied to inform on bacterial population structure and identify epidemiologically-linked cases of infection. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat VNTR analysis (MLVA) was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of a well-characterised Brucella abortus epidemic in Northern Ireland involving 387 herds between 1991 and 2012. Results MLVA identified 98 unique B. abortus genotypes from disclosing isolates in the 387 herds involved in the epidemic. Clustering algorithms revealed the relatedness of many of these genotypes. Combined with epidemiological information on chronology of infection and geographic location, these genotype data helped to identify 7 clonal complexes which underpinned the outbreak over the defined period. Hyper-variability of some VNTR loci both within herds and individual animals led to detection of multiple genotypes associated with single outbreaks. However with dense sampling, these genotypes could still be associated with specific clonal complexes thereby permitting inference of epidemiological links. MLVA- based epidemiological monitoring data were congruent with an independent classical veterinary epidemiology study carried out in the same territory. Conclusions MLVA is a useful tool in ongoing disease surveillance of B. abortus outbreaks, especially when combined with accurate epidemiological information on disease tracings, geographical clustering of cases and chronology of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Allen
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Breadon
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Byrne
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mallon
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Skuce
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Groussaud
- OIE/WHO/FAO Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Dainty
- OIE/WHO/FAO Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Graham
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Veterinary Service, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kerri Jones
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Pollock
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Stormont, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Whatmore
- OIE/WHO/FAO Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Russian vaccines against especially dangerous bacterial pathogens. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e86. [PMID: 26038506 PMCID: PMC4317636 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In response to the epidemiological situation, live attenuated or killed vaccines against anthrax, brucellosis, cholera, glanders, plague and tularemia were developed and used for immunization of at-risk populations in the Former Soviet Union. Certain of these vaccines have been updated and currently they are used on a selective basis, mainly for high risk occupations, in the Russian Federation. Except for anthrax and cholera these vaccines currently are the only licensed products available for protection against the most dangerous bacterial pathogens. Development of improved formulations and new products is ongoing.
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Lee S, Hwang KJ, Park MY, Hwang SD, Chai HY, Chu H, Park SH. Evaluation and Selection of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Primers for Genotyping Brucella abortus Biovar 1 Isolated from Human Patients. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 4:265-70. [PMID: 24298442 PMCID: PMC3845229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) is a molecular method for genotyping bacterial species. Brucella abortus biovar I was isolated from most of the brucellosis-suspected patients in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of various MLVA primers that are used for molecular typing B. abortus isolates and for analyzing their epidemiological data. Methods A total of 80 human isolates of B. abortus biovar I isolated from human patients and the reference strain were used for MLVA. Genetic diversity was determined by calculating the Simpson's diversity index (DI) of each VNTR locus. The Brucella strains were subcultured 30 times to determine the stability of each locus. The DNA of the strains cultivated in each passage was extracted and subjected to MLVA for further investigation. Results The 15 VNTR loci were selected based on high DI values. The DIs of the 15 VNTR loci showed considerable discrimination power ranging from 59% for Bruce 43 to 87% for Bruce 22. Bruce 09, Bruce 11, Bruce 16, Bruce 42, and Bruce 43 were confirmed to remain stable in vitro among the 15 VNTR loci selected. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the five loci subsets may be a useful epidemiological tool for investigating B. abortus biovar 1 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subok Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
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Molecular epidemiology of Brucella abortus isolates from cattle, elk, and bison in the United States, 1998 to 2011. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3674-84. [PMID: 22427502 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00045-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) protocol targeting 10 loci in the Brucella abortus genome was used to assess genetic diversity among 366 field isolates recovered from cattle, bison, and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and Texas during 1998 to 2011. Minimum spanning tree (MST) and unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analyses of VNTR data identified 237 different VNTR types, among which 14 prominent clusters of isolates could be identified. Cattle isolates from Texas segregated into three clusters: one comprised of field isolates from 1998 to 2005, one comprised of vaccination-associated infections, and one associated with an outbreak in Starr County in January 2011. An isolate obtained from a feral sow trapped on property adjacent to the Starr County herd in May 2011 clustered with the cattle isolates, suggesting a role for feral swine as B. abortus reservoirs in Starr County. Isolates from a 2005 cattle outbreak in Wyoming displayed VNTR-10 profiles matching those of strains recovered from Wyoming and Idaho elk. Additionally, isolates associated with cattle outbreaks in Idaho in 2002, Montana in 2008 and 2011, and Wyoming in 2010 primarily clustered with isolates recovered from GYA elk. This study indicates that elk play a predominant role in the transmission of B. abortus to cattle located in the GYA.
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