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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang Q, Yoo D. Immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling. Virus Res 2016; 226:128-141. [PMID: 27212682 PMCID: PMC7111337 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteric coronaviruses have evolved to modulate the host innate immunity. Viral IFN antagonists have been identified and they are mostly redundant. For protection of intestinal epithelia from enteric viruses, type III IFN plays a major role.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are emerged and reemerging viruses in pigs, and together with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), pose significant economic concerns to the swine industry. These viruses infect epithelial cells of the small intestine and cause watery diarrhea, dehydration, and a high mortality in neonatal piglets. Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are major antiviral cytokines forming host innate immunity, and in turn, these enteric coronaviruses have evolved to modulate the host innate immune signaling during infection. Accumulating evidence however suggests that IFN induction and signaling in the intestinal epithelial cells differ from other epithelial cells, largely due to distinct features of the gut epithelial mucosal surface and commensal microflora, and it appears that type III interferon (IFN-λ) plays a key role to maintain the antiviral state in the gut. This review describes the recent understanding on the immune evasion strategies of porcine enteric coronaviruses and the role of different types of IFNs for intestinal antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhan Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, United States
| | - Dongwan Yoo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, United States.
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Huang LY, Wang KY, Xiao D, Chen DF, Geng Y, Wang J, He Y, Wang EL, Huang JL, Xiao GY. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral DNA vaccine encoding Sip of Streptococcus agalactiae from Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus delivered by live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:34-41. [PMID: 24631734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 was used as a carrier for a reconstructed DNA vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae. A 1.02 kb DNA fragment, encoding for a portion of the surface immunogenic protein (Sip) of S. agalactiae was inserted into pVAX1. The recombinant plasmid pVAX1-sip was transfected in EPC cells to detect the transient expression by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, together with Western blot analysis. The pVAX1-sip was transformed by electroporation into SL7207. The stability of pVAX1-sip into Salmonella was over 90% after 50 generations with antibiotic selection in vitro while remained stable over 80% during 35 generations under antibiotic-free conditions. The LD50 of SL/pVAX1-sip was 1.7 × 10(11) CFU/fish by intragastric administration which indicated a quite low virulence. Tilapias were inoculated orally at 10(8) CFU/fish, the recombinant bacteria were found present in intestinal tract, spleens and livers and eventually eliminated from the tissues 4 weeks after immunization. Fish immunized at 10(7), 10(8) and 10(9) CFU/fish with different immunization times caused various levels of serum antibody and an effective protection against lethal challenge with the wild-type strain S. agalactiae. Integration studies showed that the pVAX1-sip did not integrate with tilapia chromosomes. The DNA vaccine SL/pVAX1-sip was proved to be safe and effective in protecting tilapias against S. agalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Huang
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y Wang
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | - D Xiao
- Animal Health Research Institute of Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - D F Chen
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China; Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wang
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Y He
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - E L Wang
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Huang
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Xiao
- Research Center of Fish Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
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Prospects and challenges of using chicken cytokines in disease prevention. Vaccine 2012; 30:7165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim SJ, Bum Kim S, Woo Han Y, Uyangaa E, Hyoung Kim J, Young Choi J, Kim K, Kug Eo S. Co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 and interferon-α provides enhanced Th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:529-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Oral administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interferon-α alleviates clinical signs caused by respiratory infection with avian influenza virus H9N2. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:140-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kim SB, Kim SJ, Lee BM, Han YW, Rahman MM, Uyangaa E, Kim JH, Choi JY, Yoo DJ, Kim K, Eo SK. Oral administration of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 induces Th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:172-82. [PMID: 21940117 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing and/or modulating innate and adaptive immunity by cytokines appears to be greatly useful to provide effective protective immunity against infectious diseases. However, an effective delivery system for mass administration in livestock industry is needed because of limitations such as cost, labor, time, and protein stability. Here the immunomodulatory functions of swine interleukine-18 (swIL-18), known as IFN-γ-inducing factor (IGIF), were evaluated in a vaccination model of pseudorabies virus (PrV) using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as the oral delivery system. The oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 prior to vaccination with inactivated PrV vaccine induced enhanced levels of serum PrV-specific IgG and its IgG2 isotype, compared to administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium harboring the empty vector. Furthermore, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 mounted Th1-biased cellular immune responses against PrV antigen, as evaluated by the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of piglets. Subsequently, Th1-biased immunity induced by S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIL-18 showed rapid response and rendered piglets displayed more alleviated clinical signs following the virulent PrV challenge. Also, this alleviation of clinical signs was further confirmed by the reduction of nasal excretion of PrV after challenge. The present study demonstrates the extended use of immunomodulatory functions of swIL-18 orally delivered by attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Bum Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Lee BM, Han YW, Kim SB, Rahman MM, Uyangaa E, Kim JH, Roh YS, Kim B, Han SB, Hong JT, Kim K, Eo SK. Enhanced protection against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by oral co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interferon-α and interleukin-18. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 34:369-80. [PMID: 21719106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced effect of cytokine combinations has been assessed empirically, based on their immunobiological mechanisms. However, far less is known of the enhanced protection of practical cytokine combinations against viral infection in the livestock industry, due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. This study demonstrates the enhanced protection of oral co-administration of swine interferon-α (swIFN-α) and interleukin-18 (swIL-18) against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in piglets using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as carrier of cytokine proteins. A single oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α and swIL-18 induced enhanced alleviation of the severity of diarrhea caused by TGEV infection, compared to piglets administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α or swIL-18 alone. This enhancement was further observed by the reduction of TGEV shedding and replication, and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in the intestinal tract. The results suggest that the combined administration of the swIFN-α and swIL-18 cytokines using attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier provides enhanced protection against intestinal tract infection with TGEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Han YW, Kim SB, Rahman M, Uyangaa E, Lee BM, Kim JH, Park KI, Hong JT, Han SB, Eo SK. Systemic and mucosal immunity induced by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing ORF7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 34:335-45. [PMID: 21543119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of attenuated Salmonella vaccine may provide valuable advantages such as low cost, easy preparation, and safety. Attenuated Salmonella vaccines also serve as carriers of foreign antigens and immunomodulatory cytokines. Presently, an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was used as a carrier for open reading frame 7 (ORF7) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a swine pathogen of significant global economic importance. Initially, an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing ORF7 gene derived from PRRSV Korean isolate was constructed. Following oral administration of a single dose of the attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing PRRSV ORF7, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses specific for ORF7 were induced at both systemic and mucosal sites including spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patch, and laminar propria, as evaluated by determining serum ORF7-specific IgG and mucosal IgA responses, as well as Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production from antigen-stimulated T cells. The induced humoral responses were sustained for at least 12weeks post-immunization. In particular, the immunized mice displayed immune responses to both the foreign ORF7 antigen and Salmonella itself. The results indicate the value of attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier of PRRSV antigenic proteins to induce effective systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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