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Protection against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Afforded by Maternal Antibodies from Cows Immunized with an Inactivated Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010141. [PMID: 36679988 PMCID: PMC9864491 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The passive protection afforded by the colostrum from cattle that were vaccinated prepartum with an inactivated combination vaccine against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was evaluated after an experimental challenge of calves. Pregnant cows without or with a low ELISA and neutralizing BRSV antibody titers were twice vaccinated or not vaccinated, the last immunization being at one month prior to calving. Vaccination was followed by a rapid increase in BRSV antibody titers after the second immunization. Twenty-eightnewborn calves were fed during the 6 h following birth, with 4 L of colostrum sourced from vaccinated cows (14 vaccine calves) or non-vaccinated cows (14 control calves) and were challenged with BRSV at 21 days of age. We showed that maternal immunity to BRSV provides a significant reduction in the clinical signs of BRSV in calves, especially for severe clinical forms. This protection was correlated with reduced BRSV detection in the lower respiratory tract but not in nasal swabs, indicating an absence of protection against BRSV nasal excretion. Finally, transcriptomic assays in bronchoalveolar lavages showed no statistical differences between groups for chemokine and cytokine mRNA transcriptions, with the exception of the overexpression of IL-9 at days 6 and 10 post-challenge, and a severe downregulation of CXCL-1 at day 3 post-challenge, in the vaccine group.
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Renaud D, Pardon B. Preparing Male Dairy Calves for the Veal and Dairy Beef Industry. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:77-92. [PMID: 35219487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surplus male dairy calves experience significant health challenges after arrival at the veal and dairy beef facilities. To curb these challenges, the engagement of multiple stakeholders is needed starting with improved care on some dairy farms and better management of transportation. Differing management strategies are also needed if calves arrive at veal and dairy beef facilities under poor condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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The Effect of Co-Administration of Inactivated Vaccines Against Bovine Respiratory Disease and Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A pilot study was performed to evaluate the safety and serological responses after co-administration of two multivalent inactivated vaccines to pregnant cattle. One vaccine was directed against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and contained antigens of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh). The second vaccine targeted neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) and was composed of inactivated antigens of bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV) and E. coli. The use of these combinations have been used more and more by veterinary practitioners as there exist some clear evidence that both vaccines improves the passive protection via the colostrum for the relevant pathogens. However, up until now, no safety or efficacy data has been available concerning such co-administrations. The safety of both vaccines and the serological responses to the BRD vaccine has been evaluated when used at the same time, but without mixing and compared to the responses to the administration of each vaccine independently. There was no evidence of any negative effect on calving or calf health in any of the vaccinated animals. The antibody levels against BRSV and Mh in the sera of the calves from cows vaccinated with both vaccines were not significantly different from the levels in the sera of calves vaccinated with the BRD vaccine alone. The results from this pilot study demonstrated that the co-administration of the two multivalent inactivated vaccines had no detrimental effect on the safety or serological responses to the BRD vaccine compared to the independent use of the vaccines.
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Achard D, Caruso-Vares A, Collin JF, McKelvie J, Reddick D, Ramage C. Treatment of experimentally induced bovine respiratory disease in young calves with a single administration of a combination of florfenicol and meloxicam. Vet Rec 2018; 183:535. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Karle BM, Maier GU, Love WJ, Dubrovsky SA, Williams DR, Anderson RJ, Van Eenennaam AL, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Regional management practices and prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in California's preweaned dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:7583-7596. [PMID: 30527977 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in California preweaned dairy calves and identify management practices that are associated with BRD. A convenience sample of 100 dairies in the 3 distinct dairy regions of California was surveyed. Regions evaluated were Northern California (NCA), northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV), and greater Southern California (GSCA). A questionnaire on calf management practices and demographic information was administered via in-person interviews at each dairy and a random sample of preweaned calves was evaluated using the California BRD scoring system on the same day. Prevalence of BRD varied between the 3 dairy regions: 9.30% in NCA, 4.51% in NSJV, and 7.35% in GSCA. Breed was not associated with BRD prevalence at the statewide level, but differences in prevalence were observed between breeds across the regions with a higher prevalence in NCA for Jerseys and in GSCA for Holsteins, compared with NSJV. Prevalence of BRD was not different between organic and conventional dairies. Colostrum management practices, including heat treatment and feeding colostrum from multiparous cows, varied by region and were associated with lower BRD prevalence. Calves housed in group pens, a practice observed primarily in NCA, had a higher BRD prevalence than those in individual housing. Feeding salable milk was also more common in NCA and was associated with lower BRD prevalence. Ground and road surfaces adjacent to the calf raising area were also variable by region, and paved surfaces were associated with lower BRD prevalence. Management practices associated with BRD varied across the state and may be addressed to inform the adoption and implementation of potentially protective management decisions on California dairies and other regions with similar dairy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland 95963
| | - G U Maier
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare 93274
| | - W J Love
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare 93274
| | - S A Dubrovsky
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - D R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare 93274
| | - R J Anderson
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Modesto District, Modesto 95358
| | | | - T W Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S S Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
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Earley B, Tiernan K, Duffy C, Dunn A, Waters S, Morrison S, McGee M. Effect of suckler cow vaccination against glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) on passive immunity and physiological response to subsequent bovine respiratory disease vaccination of their progeny. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:43-51. [PMID: 29421483 PMCID: PMC7111865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study objectives were: 1) to characterise the development of immunocompetence in beef suckler calves from birth to three months of age, and 2) to trace glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) antibodies from dam to calf and subsequent vaccination against pneumonia. Thirty multiparous beef suckler, spring-calving cows, consisting of two genotypes were involved; Limousin × Friesian (LF) and Charolais × Limousin (CL). Cows were immunised against the inactivated antigen strain of BoHV-1 (gE- (IBR marker vaccine) at day − 84 and received a booster at day − 56 relative to the expected calving date (d 0). Calves were immunised at 14 and 42 days of age against PI-3 virus, BRSV and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serotype A1 using a commercial vaccine administered subcutaneously. Additionally, calves were immunised against BoHV-1 at 42 days of age, using 1 dose of a live commercial vaccine administered intranasally. Blood samples were collected from all calves (n = 30) via jugular venipuncture at birth, prior to colostrum feeding (0 h), at 12 h (h), 24 h, 72 h and 168 h after the initial feeding of colostrum, and at d 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 84 post birth. The mean ratio of gE negative antibodies circulating in the blood of LF and CL dams pre-partum scored negative to gE ab (S/N ≥ 0.70). Antibody levels of BoHV-1 (wild type (wt)) peaked at 12 h post-birth in calves and declined thereafter, as the maternal antibodies decayed. There was no difference in BoHV-1 and BRSV antibody levels in calves post vaccination. Greater decrease in cow serum IgG concentration in LF cows than CL cows pre-partum. Progeny of LF cows have a greater pre-weaning ADG than the progeny of CL cows. Maternally derived antibodies affects response to vaccination in suckled beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
| | - Katie Tiernan
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amanda Dunn
- Sustainable Livestock, Agri-food and Bio-sciences Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sinead Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Steven Morrison
- Sustainable Livestock, Agri-food and Bio-sciences Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark McGee
- Livestock Systems Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Windeyer MC, Timsit E, Barkema H. Bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves: Are current preventative strategies good enough? Vet J 2017; 224:16-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dudek K, Bednarek D, Ayling RD, Szacawa E. Stimulation and analysis of the immune response in calves from vaccinated pregnant cows. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:32-7. [PMID: 24815344 PMCID: PMC7126404 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vaccinating pregnant cows with an inactivated vaccine against Mannheimia haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V infections on selected immune responses in their offspring was examined. Blood samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks from six newborn calves from each of vaccinated (experimental) and unvaccinated (control) dams. Specific antibodies to M. haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V and mean values of IgA, IgG concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental calves compared with the controls. However, specific antibody titres to adenovirus type 3, BHV1 and BVDV in the experimental calves had constant levels while the control group levels changed. The IgM, Hp and SAA concentrations generally increased until week 8 in the experimental group, but the control group titres became higher after week 9. This study demonstrates that specific immunisation of cows pre-partum significantly stimulated parameters associated with immunity and it also controlled the acute phase response intensity in their offspring. Therefore the vaccination of dams may provide additional antibody protection against infection to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bednarek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Roger D Ayling
- Mycoplasma Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Ewelina Szacawa
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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