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Aguiar Santiago JA, Marrero Miragaya MA, Figueroa Oliva DA, Aguilar Juanes A, Idavoy Corona A, Martínez Fernández S, Morán Bertot I, Rodríguez Hernández M, Canales López E, Hernández Esteves I, Silva Girado JA, Estrada Vázquez RC, Gell Cuesta O, Mendoza-Marí Y, Valdés Prado I, Rodríguez Ibarra C, Palenzuela Gardon DO, Pentón Arias E, Guillén Nieto G, Aguilar Rubido JC. Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Increased Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes After Local Administration of Nasalferon or HeberNasvac. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:95-102. [PMID: 38118108 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HeberNasvac, a therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B, is able to safely stimulate multiple Toll-like receptors, increasing antigen presentation in vitro and in a phase II clinical trial (Profira) in elderly volunteers who were household contacts of respiratory infection patients. Thus, a new indication as a postexposure prophylaxis or early therapy for respiratory infections has been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) after mucosal administration of HeberNasvac and compared this effect with the nasal delivery of interferon alpha 2b (Nasalferon). Molecular studies of blood samples of 50 subjects from the Profira clinical trial who were locally treated with HeberNasvac or Nasalferon and concurrent untreated individuals were compared based on their relative mRNA expression of OAS1, ISG15, ISG20, STAT1, STAT3, and DRB1-HLA II genes. In most cases, the gene expression induced by HeberNasvac was similar in profile and intensity to the expression induced by Nasalferon and significantly superior to that observed in untreated controls. The immune stimulatory effect of HeberNasvac on ISGs paved the way for its future use as an innate immunity stimulator in elderly persons and immunocompromised subjects or as part of Mambisa, a nasal vaccine to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivis Morán Bertot
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Eduardo Canales López
- Plant Genomic Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - José Angel Silva Girado
- Olinonucleotide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Omar Gell Cuesta
- Olinonucleotide Synthesis Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Marí
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés Prado
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Eduardo Pentón Arias
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén Nieto
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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Yang J, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Gao Y, Xiang B, Wei Q. The immunostimulatory effects and pro-apoptotic activity of rhCNB against Lewis lung cancer is mediated by Toll-like receptor 4. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4441-4453. [PMID: 31218844 PMCID: PMC6675711 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human calcineurin B subunit (rhCNB) has been shown to be an immune‐stimulatory protein promoting cytokine production and inducing phenotypic maturation of Dendritic cells (DCs). In vivo, it has good antitumor efficacy, and has potential as an antitumor drug. Exogenous rhCNB was found to be internalized into tumor cells via the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, but it was not known whether its immuno‐modulatory and antitumor functions involved entry by this same route. Methods The production and secretion of the cytokines and chemokines in innate immune cells induced by rhCNB were determined by ELISA, and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII was analyzed by FACs. Experimental Lewis lung cancer (LLC) model was prepared in C57 BL/6 wild‐type (WT) mice, TLR4−/− mice or their littermates by the inoculation of LLCs in their right armpit, and then administrated daily intraperitoneal injections (0.2 mL) of normal saline, rhCNB 20 mg/kg, and rhCNB 40 mg/kg, respectively. Results Recombinant human calcineurin B subunit promoted the production of antitumor cytokines by innate immune cells, and culture supernatants of rhCNB‐stimulated immune cells induced apoptosis of LLCs. In addition, rhCNB up‐regulated CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII expression in macrophages and DCs in TLR4+ cells but failed to do so in TLR4 deficient cells. rhCNB also induced the formation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in splenocytes from WT mice, but not from TLR4‐deficient littermates. Intraperitoneal administration of WT C57BL/6 mice with rhCNB resulted in a 50% reduction in LLC tumor growth, but failed to inhibit tumor growth in TLR4−/− littermates. Conclusions The in vivo antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of rhCNB are mediated by the TLR4. This conclusion is important for the further understanding and development of rhCNB as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang Y, Xia D, Zhao Q, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Shen D, Lu C. Label-free proteomic analysis of silkworm midgut infected by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Proteomics 2019; 200:40-50. [PMID: 30904731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is the most damaging virus for the production of silkworm cocoons. Antivirus research continues to be an important aspect of the silkworm industry. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have been applied for analyzing the midgut proteome of BmNPV-infected silkworms. In recent years, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method has frequently been used when studying interaction between BmNPV and Bombyx mori, and useful information has been obtained. In this study, midgut proteins of BmNPV-infected silkworms were extracted from silkworm variety NIL·LVR with anti-BmNPV activity at 48 h, and proteome analysis was carried out using the label-free method. 2196 proteins were identified. Among them, there were 85 differentially expressed proteins, 45 upregulated proteins (immune-activated proteins), 28 downregulated proteins, and six proteins were specific for the BmNPV group and another six specific for control group. Many of the immune-activated proteins have been reported to have innate immune functions, and the downregulated proteins are involved in apoptosis or abnormal cell viability. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for host defense against BmNPV infection by both innate immunity and apoptosis, revealing the potential function of the midgut after oral infection of BmNPV in Bombyx mori. SIGNIFICANCE: Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) has a great impact on the sericulture industry. However, the mechanism of resistance to BmNPV has not been fully elucidated. The silkworm midgut is not only the major organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption but also an immune organ serving as the first line of defense against microbial invasion and proliferation. Here we combined label-free quantitative proteomic, bioinformatics, quantitative real-time PCR and SDS-PAGE analyses and found that BmNPV invasion causes complex protein alterations in the larval midgut of NIL·LVR with anti-BmNPV activity. The results showed that many upregulated differentially expressed proteins have been reported to have innate immune functions and the downregulation proteins are involved in apoptosis or abnormal cell viability. These findings provide evidence for host defense against BmNPV infection by both innate immunity and apoptosis, and reveals the potential function of the midgut after infection of BmNPV in Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Yeshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and System Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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4
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Yang J, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Qin N, Wei Q. Identification of a targeting-delivery peptide based on rhCNB. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3159. [PMID: 30843319 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin B subunit (CNB) is the regulatory subunit of calcineurin (CN), and its classical function is to regulate the activity of CN. Research in our laboratory has revealed that the recombinant human CNB (rhCNB) is a good antitumor candidate and can be internalized by tumor cells via TLR4 receptor complexes and targeted to tumor tissue in nude mice. However, the fragment or domain of rhCNB mediating internalization and target delivery has not been identified. To explore fragment- mediated rhCNB internalization and target delivery, we generated truncated derivatives of rhCNBs by recombinant DNA technology and examined their cellular uptake. Interactions between truncated rhCNBs and the TLR4 receptor were studied by ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation, and targeting of model tumors in nude mice was examined. The results showed that one truncated derivative, Trun3 (124-169aa), was taken up by cells and targeted tumors with almost the same efficiency as intact rhCNB. These results indicate that Trun3 (45aa) contains the major sequence responsible for rhCNB internalization and tumor targeting and might be developed for drug delivery to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yadan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang W, Zhong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Yang R, Su Z, Xiang B, Wei Q. Combination of calcineurin B subunit (CnB) and 5-fluorouracil reverses 5-fluorouracil-induced immunosuppressive effect and enhances the antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6135-6142. [PMID: 29113258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for digestive system tumors; however, continuous use of 5-FU may cause severe side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Our previous study revealed that calcineurin B subunit (CnB), an innovative genetic engineering antitumor protein, possesses tumor-suppressive effects with low toxicity. CnB can bind to and activate integrin αM on macrophages, subsequently promoting the expression, and secretion of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a specific proapoptotic cytokine. In the present study, whether the combined use of CnB and 5-FU can reverse the myelosuppression, and immunosuppressive effects of 5-FU by reactivating the immune system thus increasing antitumor efficacy, was investigated. It was demonstrated that combined treatment of 5-FU and CnB led to increased tumor-suppressive effects, as indicated by reduced tumor volume and weight when compared with 5-FU or CnB treatment alone in a hepatoma xenograph model. In addition, it was demonstrated that combined treatment inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Notably, the addition of CnB to 5-FU-based therapy completely reversed the immunosuppressive effect of 5-FU. The spleen index and total number of white blood cells in the combination group were higher compared with that of the 5-FU alone group. Furthermore, pathological examinations indicated that CnB attenuated 5-FU-induced organ damage. Based on these findings, it is proposed that CnB may serve as a novel and promising drug candidate for the improvement of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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6
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Yang J, Qin N, Zhang H, Yang R, Xiang B, Wei Q. Cellular uptake of exogenous calcineurin B is dependent on TLR4/MD2/CD14 complexes, and CnB is an endogenous ligand of TLR4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24346. [PMID: 27090571 PMCID: PMC4835703 DOI: 10.1038/srep24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that recombinant calcineurin B (rhCnB) stimulates cytokine secretion by immune cells, probably through TLR4. Exogenous CnB can be incorporated into many different tumour cells in vitro, but the mode of uptake and receptors required remain unknown. Here, we report that exogenous CnB is taken up by cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated internalization. Our findings further confirm that uptake is mediated by the TLR4/MD2 complex together with the co-receptor CD14. The MST results revealed a high affinity between CnB and the TLR4 receptor complex. No binding was detected between CnB and LPS. CnB inhibited the uptake of LPS, and LPS also inhibited the uptake of CnB. These results indicate that the uptake of exogenous CnB did not occur through LPS and that CnB was not a chaperone of LPS. Thus, we conclude that TLR4 receptor complexes were required for the recognition and internalization of exogenous CnB. CnB could be a potential endogenous ligand of TLR4 and function as an agonist of TLR4. These properties of CnB support its potential for development as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
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7
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Su Z, Yang R, Zhang W, Xu L, Zhong Y, Yin Y, Cen J, DeWitt JP, Wei Q. The synergistic interaction between the calcineurin B subunit and IFN-γ enhances macrophage antitumor activity. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1740. [PMID: 25950470 PMCID: PMC4669720 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in tumor growth and progression. They infiltrate into tumors and cause inflammation, which creates a microenvironment favoring tumor growth and metastasis. However, certain stimuli may induce macrophages to act as tumor terminators. Here we report that the calcineurin B subunit (CnB) synergizes with IFN-γ to make macrophages highly cytotoxic to cancer cells. Furthermore, CnB and IFN-γ act synergistically to polarize mouse tumor-associated macrophages, as well as human monocyte-derived macrophages to an M1-like phenotype. This synergy is mediated by the crosstalk between CnB-engaged integrin αM-p38 MAPK signaling and IFN-γ-initiated p38/PKC-δ/Jak2 signaling. Interestingly, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a key factor that orchestrates the synergy of CnB and IFN-γ, and the phosphorylation status at Ser727 and Tyr701 of STAT1 is directly regulated by CnB and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China [3] Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Cen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - J P DeWitt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Q Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
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8
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Xing Y, Liu W, Li X, Guo L, Lv X, Xi T. Immunogenicity characterization of the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE with chitosan-CpG as combination adjuvants against Helicobacter pylori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:269-74. [PMID: 25957472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Urease is considered as an excellent vaccine candidate antigen against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Our previous study reported a novel multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE which was composed of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and five cell epitopes from urease subunits. Murine experiments indicated that it could induce cellular and humoral immune responses intensively and attenuate H. pylori infection effectively in mice model. However, the body expression and lack of suitable adjuvant of this epitope vaccine restricted its application. In this study, new recombinant Escherichia coli strains was established to increase the solubility by fusing thioredoxin (Trx) and the combination adjuvants which composed of the chitosan and CpG were adopted to enhance the immunogenicity of CTB-UE for oral immunization. The experimental results indicated that the levels of IgG2a, IgG1 and IgA in the serum and the levels of sIgA in stomach, intestine and feces were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared with the model control group. Additionally, chitosan-CpG combination adjuvants changed the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 and conferred Th1/Th17-mediated protective immune responses. These results demonstrate that the oral vaccine with chitosan-CpG as combination adjuvants may be a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xing
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Lv
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- Biotechnology Center, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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9
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Li S, Jia Z, Chen X, Geng X, Sun J. Identification and characterization of the cDNAs encoding the two subunits of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) calcineurin: their implications in stress and immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:91-102. [PMID: 25541080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), the only Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine protein phosphatase, is a key effector participating in Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways in a number of cellular processes under normal, stress and pathological conditions. However, the expression and the relevance of CN in stress and immune response have not been characterized in crustaceans. Here, we identified the cDNAs that encode the two subunits of CN (termed EsCN-A and EsCN-B, respectively) in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and analysed their expression patterns in response to stress and immune challenges. The catalytic subunit EsCN-A is comprised of 511 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 57.5 kDa and shows 80% sequence identity with human beings CN-A alpha isoform, while the regulatory subunit EsCN-B protein is composed of 170 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 19.3 kDa and shares 88% sequence identity with human beings CN-B type 1. Tissue distribution analysis reveals that both EsCN-A and EsCN-B mRNA transcripts are expressed in all tested tissues with the greatest expression in hepatopancreas and the lowest expression in haemocytes. In addition, both EsCN-A and EsCN-B genes could be significantly up-regulated but with different expression patterns by ambient salinity (15‰ and 30‰ salinities) and pH (pH 6 and 8.5) stresses in gill, hepatopancreas, haemocytes, intestine and muscle. Furthermore, EsCN-A and EsCN-B were up-regulated by LPS and Poly(I:C) immune stimulations in E. sinensis haemocytes in vitro. Moreover, EsCN-A and EsCN-B mRNA were significantly up-regulated in haemocytes, gill, hepatopancreas, intestine and muscle in response to Edwardsiella tarda challenge in vivo. Finally, we revealed the importance of EsCN in LPS-induced nitric oxide production in E. sinensis haemocytes. Together our observations suggest that EsCN, the important downstream effector of CaM-mediated signalling pathway(s), may possess vital roles in stress and immune response in the Chinese mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Zirui Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xuyun Geng
- Tianjin Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 442 South Jiefang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300221, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
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10
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Gasim GI, Bella A, Adam I. Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine among patients on hemodialysis. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:270-5. [PMID: 25729482 PMCID: PMC4342609 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a major health threat worldwide, where the magnitude and overburden of chronic carrier state approaches 150 million chronic carriers. The prevalence of HBV is greater among dialyzed patients compared to the general population owing to their increased vulnerability to blood and its products, along with hazards posed by contaminated hemodialysis tools and devices. An electronic systematic search of the published literature was carried and data on the immunological riposte to hepatitis B vaccination among hemodialysis patients was extracted from relevant studies. End stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis have a lower or an absolutely negative riposte to HBV vaccine. Several means have been tried to improve this response with some success, nevertheless none have been universally adopted. Genetic investigations are foreseen to make a break through concerning HBV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasim I Gasim
- Gasim I Gasim, Ishag Adam, Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 15085 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhaleem Bella
- Gasim I Gasim, Ishag Adam, Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 15085 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishag Adam
- Gasim I Gasim, Ishag Adam, Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, PO Box 15085 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Pan W, Shen Y, Han X, Wang Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Cao J. Transcriptome profiles of the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus reveal that excretory-secretory products are essential to metabolic adaptation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3392. [PMID: 25500817 PMCID: PMC4263413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode and affects humans and domestic animals worldwide. Protoscoleces (PSCs) are one component of the larval stages that can interact with both definitive and intermediate hosts. Previous genomic and transcriptomic data have provided an overall snapshot of the genomics of the growth and development of this parasite. However, our understanding of how PSCs subvert the immune response of hosts and maintains metabolic adaptation remains unclear. In this study, we used Roche 454 sequencing technology and in silico secretome analysis to explore the transcriptome profiles of the PSCs from E. granulosus and elucidate the potential functions of the excretory-secretory proteins (ESPs) released by the parasite. Methodology/Principal Findings A large number of nonredundant sequences as unigenes were generated (26,514), of which 22,910 (86.4%) were mapped to the newly published E. granulosus genome and 17,705 (66.8%) were distributed within the coding sequence (CDS) regions. Of the 2,280 ESPs predicted from the transcriptome, 138 ESPs were inferred to be involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, while 124 ESPs were inferred to be involved in the metabolism of protein. Eleven ESPs were identified as intracellular enzymes that regulate glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (GL/GN) pathways, while a further 44 antigenic proteins, 25 molecular chaperones and four proteases were highly represented. Many proteins were also found to be significantly enriched in development-related signaling pathways, such as the TGF-β receptor pathways and insulin pathways. Conclusions/Significance This study provides valuable information on the metabolic adaptation of parasites to their hosts that can be used to aid the development of novel intervention targets for hydatid treatment and control. The successful infection establishment of parasites depends on their ability to combat their host's immune system while maintaining metabolic adaptation to their hosts. The mechanisms of these processes are not well understood. We used the protoscoleces (PSCs) of E. granulosus as a model system to study this complex host-parasite interaction by investigating the role of excretory-secretory proteins (ESPs) in the physiological adaptation of the parasite. Using Roche 454 sequencing technology and in silico secretome analysis, we predicted 2280 ESPs and analyzed their biological functions. Our analysis of the bioinformatic data suggested that ESPs are integral to the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins within the parasite and/or hosts. We also found that ESPs are involved in mediating the immune responses of hosts and function within key development-related signaling pathways. We found 11 intracellular enzymes, 25 molecular chaperones and four proteases that were highly represented in the ESPs, in addition to 44 antigenic proteins that showed promise as candidates for vaccine or serodiagnostic development purposes. These findings provide valuable information on the mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in parasites that will aid the development of novel hydatid treatment and control targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YS); (JC)
| | - Xiuming Han
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Zong Zhai, Xining, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YS); (JC)
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12
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Cui SJ, Xu LL, Zhang T, Xu M, Yao J, Fang CY, Feng Z, Yang PY, Hu W, Liu F. Proteomic characterization of larval and adult developmental stages in Echinococcus granulosus reveals novel insight into host-parasite interactions. J Proteomics 2013; 84:158-75. [PMID: 23603110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cystic hydatid disease is an important zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus infection. The expression profiles of its parasitic life stages and host-Echinococcus interactions remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified 157 adult and 1588 protoscolex proteins (1610 in all), including 1290 novel identifications. Paramyosins and an antigen B (AgB) were the dominant adult proteins. Dog proteins (30) identified in adults indicated diminished local inflammation caused by adult infection. The protoscolex expresses proteins that have been reported to be antigens in other parasites, such as 6-phosphofructokinase and calcineurin B. Pathway analyses suggested that E. granulosus uses both aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolisms to generate ATP. E. granulosus expresses proteins involved in synthesis and metabolism of lipids or steroids. At least 339 of 390 sheep proteins identified in protoscolex were novel identifications not seen in previous analyses. IgGs and lambda light chains were the most abundant antibody species. Sheep proteins were enriched for detoxification pathways, implying that host detoxification effects play a central role during host-parasite interactions. Our study provides valuable data on E. granulosus expression characteristics, allowing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in host-parasite interactions. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the Echinococcus granulosus adult worm proteome was analyzed for the first time. The protein identification of E. granulosus protoscoleces was extended dramatically. We also identified the most abundant host proteins co-purified with Echinococcus. The results provide useful information pertaining to the molecular mechanisms behind host-Echinococcus interaction and Echinococcus biology. This data also increases the potential for identifying vaccine candidates and new therapeutic targets, and may aid in the development of protein probes for selective and sensitive diagnosis of echinococcosis infection. In addition, the data collected here represents a valuable proteomic resource for subsequent genome annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Cui
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Sun J, Hou J, Li D, Liu Y, Hu N, Hao Y, Fu J, Hu Y, Shao Y. Enhancement of HIV-1 DNA vaccine immunogenicity by BCG-PSN, a novel adjuvant. Vaccine 2012; 31:472-9. [PMID: 23174201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of DNA vaccines, especially as a priming immunization has been well established in numerous HIV vaccine studies, the immunogenictiy of DNA vaccines is generally moderate. Novel adjuvant is in urgent need for improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine. Polysaccharide and nucleic acid fraction extracted by hot phenol method from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, known as BCG-PSN, is a widely used immunomodulatory product in China clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated whether the BCG-PSN could serve as a novel adjuvant of DNA vaccine to trigger better cellular and humoral immune responses against the HIV-1 Env antigen in Balb/C mouse model. The BCG-PSN was mixed with 10 μg or 100 μg of pDRVI1.0gp145 (HIV-1 CN54 gp145 gene) DNA vaccine and intramuscularly immunized two or three times. We found that BCG-PSN could significantly improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine when co-administered with DNA vaccine. Further, at the same vaccination schedule, BCG-PSN co-immunization with 10 μg DNA vaccine could elicit cellular and humoral immune responses which were comparable to that induced by 100 μg DNA vaccine alone. Moreover, our results demonstrate that BCG-PSN can activate TLR signaling pathways and induce Th1-type cytokines secretion. These findings suggest that BCG-PSN can serve as a novel and effective adjuvant for DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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