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Tatte VS, Gopalkrishna V. Circulation of unusual and diverse enteric virus strains in adults with acute gastroenteritis: a study from Pune (Maharashtra), Western India. Arch Virol 2023; 168:160. [PMID: 37169986 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In India, studies on the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of enteric viruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) are lacking. In this study, fecal samples (n = 110) from adults with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India, were tested for six enteric viruses, and the prevalence of these viruses was as follows: rotavirus A (RVA), 38.5%; enterovirus (EV), 23.1%; astrovirus (AstV), 23.1%; adenovirus (AdV), 7.7%; human bocavirus (HBoV), 7.7%; norovirus (NoV), 0%. Circulation of the RVA G1P[8], G3P[8], G9P[4], CVA-10, echovirus E13, EVC-116, AstV-5, AstV-2, HBoV-1, and AdVC-2 types was observed. When compared to the RotaTeq, Rotarix, and RotaVac vaccine strains, antigenic changes were found in the A, B, C, and F regions of the RVA strains. The circulation of genetically diverse, unusual enteric virus strains, reported here for the first time in adults with acute gastroenteritis, warrants multi-center hospital-based surveillance studies across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali S Tatte
- Enteric Viruses Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Viruses Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India.
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Manjate F, João ED, Chirinda P, Garrine M, Vubil D, Nobela N, Kotloff K, Nataro JP, Nhampossa T, Acácio S, Tate JE, Parashar U, Mwenda JM, Alonso PL, Nyaga M, Cunha C, Mandomando I. Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008-2019. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010134. [PMID: 35062336 PMCID: PMC8781303 DOI: 10.3390/v14010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. Mozambique introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in September 2015. We report rotavirus genotypes circulating among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Manhiça District, Mozambique, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Stool was collected from enrolled children and screened for rotavirus by enzyme-immuno-sorbent assay. Positive specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G genotypes) and VP4 (P genotypes) by the conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The combination G12P[8] was more frequently observed in pre-vaccine than in post-vaccine introduction, in moderate to severe diarrhoea (34%, 61/177 vs. 0, p < 0.0001) and controls (23%, 26/113 vs. 0, p = 0.0013) and mixed genotypes (36%, 24/67 vs. 7% 4/58, p = 0.0003) in less severe diarrhoea. We observed changes in post-vaccine compared to pre-vaccine introduction, where G3P[4] and G3P[8] were prevalent in moderate to severe diarrhoea (10%, 5/49 vs. 0, p = 0.0002; and 14%, 7/49 vs. 1%, 1/177, p < 0.0001; respectively), and in less severe diarrhoea (21%, 12/58 vs. 0, p = 0.003; and 24%, 14/58 vs. 0, p < 0.0001; respectively). Our surveillance demonstrated the circulation of similar genotypes contemporaneously among cases and controls, as well as switching from pre- to post-vaccine introduction. Continuous surveillance is needed to evaluate the dynamics of the changes in genotypes following vaccine introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Manjate
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Eva D. João
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Percina Chirinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Nélio Nobela
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Karen Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - James P. Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene 1120, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Acácio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene 1120, Mozambique
| | - Jacqueline E. Tate
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.E.T.); (U.P.)
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.E.T.); (U.P.)
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Program, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 2465, Congo;
| | - Pedro L. Alonso
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Celso Cunha
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique; (E.D.J.); (P.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.); (N.N.); (T.N.); (S.A.); (P.L.A.)
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene 1120, Mozambique
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (I.M.)
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Arakaki L, Tollefson D, Kharono B, Drain PK. Prevalence of rotavirus among older children and adults with diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2021; 39:4577-4590. [PMID: 34244008 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older children and adults are susceptible to rotavirus, but the extent to which rotavirus affects this population is not fully understood, hindering accuracy of global rotavirus estimations. OBJECTIVE To determine what proportion of diarrhea cases are due to rotavirus among persons ≥ 5 years old and to estimate this proportion by age strata. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies that reported on conditional rotavirus prevalence (i.e., percent of diarrhea due to rotavirus) in persons ≥ 5 years old who were symptomatic with diarrhea/gastroenteritis and had laboratory confirmation for rotavirus infection. Studies on nosocomial infections and outbreak investigations were excluded. We collected age group-specific conditional rotavirus prevalence and other variables, such as study geography, study setting, and study type. We calculated pooled conditional rotavirus prevalence, corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), heterogeneity (I2) estimates, and prediction intervals (PI). RESULTS Sixty-six studies from 32 countries met the inclusion criteria. Conditional rotavirus prevalence ranged from 0% to 30% across the studies. The total pooled prevalence of rotavirus among persons ≥ 5 years old with diarrhea was 7.6% (95% CI: 6.2-9.2%, I2 = 99.6%, PI: 0-24%). The pooled prevalence of rotavirus among older children and adolescents was 8.7% (95% CI: 6.2-11.7%, I2 = 96%, PI:0-27%), among younger adults was 5.4% (95% CI: 1.4-11.8%, I2 = 96%, PI:0-31%), and among older adults was 4.7% (95% CI: 2.8-7.0%, I2 = 96%, PI:0-16%). Pooled conditional rotavirus prevalences did not differ by other variables. CONCLUSION In this systematic review and meta-analysis of rotavirus among persons ≥ 5 years old with diarrhea, we found relatively low pooled conditional rotavirus prevalence compared to what is typically reported for children < 5 years; however, results should be interpreted with caution as the wide prediction intervals suggest large heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Arakaki
- University of Washington, Strategic Analysis, Research, and Training (START) Center, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Deanna Tollefson
- University of Washington, Strategic Analysis, Research, and Training (START) Center, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Brenda Kharono
- University of Washington, Strategic Analysis, Research, and Training (START) Center, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Paul K Drain
- University of Washington, Strategic Analysis, Research, and Training (START) Center, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; University of Washington, Department of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Selvarajan S, Reju S, Pushpanathan P, Arumugam R, Padmanabhan R, Kothandaramanujam SM, Srikanth P, Kang G. Molecular characterisation and clinical correlates of rotavirus in children and adults in a tertiary care centre, Chennai, South India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 35:221-227. [PMID: 28681810 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_16_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was undertaken to determine the rate of detection of rotavirus causing diarrhoea among children and adults, identify the common genotypes circulating and determine clinical correlates. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples were collected from adults and children, transported on ice, aliquoted and stored at - 80°C. Rotavirus antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on all samples. Representative samples were typed by conventional hemi-nested VP7 and VP4 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Test of proportion, Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 444 stool samples were collected and tested over 14 months. Among these, 116 were paediatric with a rate of positivity of 36.21% and 328 were adults with rate of positivity of 20.73%. Among children under 5 years (n = 90), the rate of positivity was 41.11%. Vesikari scale was used for clinical assessment. The mean ± standard deviation Vesikari score in rotavirus-infected children and rotavirus-uninfected children was 11.2 ± 3.2 and 8.9 ± 3.6, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. Nineteen samples were genotyped in children < 5 years, 94.7% were of G1P[8] and 5.3% were of G9P[4] genotype. Genotyping of 14 adult samples, G1P[8](85.7%) was found as the predominant genotype, two samples (14.3%) were partially typed (G9PUT and G12PUT). CONCLUSIONS The rate of positivity of rotavirus in children under 5 years was 41.11%. G1P[8] is the most common strain circulating across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribal Selvarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhabharathi Reju
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premalatha Pushpanathan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Arumugam
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Padmanabhan
- Department of Paediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Muthiah Kothandaramanujam
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padma Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nayak MK, De P, Manna B, Dutta S, Bhadra UK, Chawla-Sarkar M. Species A rotaviruses isolated from hospitalized patients over 5 years of age in Kolkata, India, in 2012/13. Arch Virol 2017; 163:745-750. [PMID: 29248967 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In hospital-based diarrhoeal disease surveillance at Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata-General Hospital (May-2012 to April-2013), Kolkata, India, stool samples were collected from patients < 5 years (n = 830) and > 5 years of age (n = 728) hospitalized with diarrhea. Group-A rotavirus (GARV) was identified by ELISA followed by multiplex RT-PCR. In children < 5 years of age, 53.4% of the samples were positive for GARV. In patients > 5 years to 90 years old, only 6.04% (n = 44) tested positive for GARV. G2P[4] strains (n = 16 [36.36%]) were the most prevalent, followed by G9P[4] strains (n = 13 [29.54%]), while P[4]-(n = 30 [68.18%]) was most prevalent among the P genotypes. The GARV strains G2, G9 and P[4] detected in adults clustered together in the phylogenetic tree with the GARV strains identified in children (< 5 years) during the same period. Rotavirus positivity was high among female patients (75%), suggesting that caregivers (mother/grandmother/older-siblings) may get infected through young children or may act as carriers for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukti Kant Nayak
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India. .,Department of Zoology, B. B. Autonomous College, Chandikhol, Jajpur, Odisha, 755044, India.
| | - Papiya De
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Byomkesh Manna
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Uchhal Kumar Bhadra
- Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital, 57-Dr SC Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India.
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da Silva MFM, Fumian TM, de Assis RMS, Fialho AM, Carvalho-Costa FA, da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade J, Leite JPG. VP7 and VP8* genetic characterization of group A rotavirus genotype G12P[8]: Emergence and spreading in the Eastern Brazilian coast in 2014. J Med Virol 2016; 89:64-70. [PMID: 27322509 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) genotype G12 is habitually associated with diarrhea disease (DD) in African children and recently its detection has increased worldwide. A total of 970 stool samples collected from individuals with DD in the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions, Eastern coast, were analyzed and 321 (33%) were positive for RVA and of these, 241 (75%) genotyped as G12P[8]. The rate of RVA positivity was higher among children aged 5-10 years old (60%). All RVA infections observed in adults aged >21 years were G12P[8] (n = 27) showing that this genotype affected older age groups during the year of 2014 in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and VP8* G12P[8] strains demonstrated an elevated similarity among Brazilian and G12-III prototypes strains circulating worldwide recently, suggesting that this lineage is associated with the global spread of the G12 genotype, considered as the 6th most prevalent human RVA genotype nowadays; while other G12 lineages remain sporadically detected and usually detected in association with other P genotypes. VP8* analysis revealed that Brazilian strains belong to P[8]-3 lineage, the single P[8] lineage presently detected in the country. No major nucleotide/amino acid disparities were observed among strains recovered from children and adults for VP7 and VP8* genes. These data are essential to support the surveillance studies, particularly in countries where the RVA vaccine was introduced in their National Immunization Program enabling identification of potential alterations in the epidemiological profile that can impact its efficacy in vaccination programs. J. Med. Virol. 89:64-70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Figueira Marques da Silva
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane Maria Santos de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Yamamoto SP, Kaida A, Ono A, Kubo H, Iritani N. Detection and characterization of a human G9P[4] rotavirus strain in Japan. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1311-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji P. Yamamoto
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Kubo
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Iritani
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Japan
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Tate JE, Arora R, Bhan MK, Yewale V, Parashar UD, Kang G. Rotavirus disease and vaccines in India: a tremendous public health opportunity. Vaccine 2014; 32 Suppl 1:vii-xii. [PMID: 25091690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vijay Yewale
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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