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Ebenig A, Lange MV, Mühlebach MD. Versatility of live-attenuated measles viruses as platform technology for recombinant vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:119. [PMID: 36243743 PMCID: PMC9568972 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) has been extraordinarily effective in preventing measles infections and their often deadly sequelae, accompanied by remarkable safety and stability since their first licensing in 1963. The advent of recombinant DNA technologies, combined with systems to generate infectious negative-strand RNA viruses on the basis of viral genomes encoded on plasmid DNA in the 1990s, paved the way to generate recombinant, vaccine strain-derived MeVs. These live-attenuated vaccine constructs can encode and express additional foreign antigens during transient virus replication following immunization. Effective humoral and cellular immune responses are induced not only against the MeV vector, but also against the foreign antigen cargo in immunized individuals, which can protect against the associated pathogen. This review aims to present an overview of the versatility of this vaccine vector as platform technology to target various diseases, as well as current research and developmental stages, with one vaccine candidate ready to enter phase III clinical trials to gain marketing authorization, MV-CHIK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Ebenig
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Mona V Lange
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
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2
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Exchange of C-Terminal Variable Sequences within Morbillivirus Nucleocapsid Protein Are Tolerated: Development and Evaluation of Two Marker (DIVA) Vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA, Nigeria/75/1 DIVA) against PPR. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112320. [PMID: 34835126 PMCID: PMC8623000 DOI: 10.3390/v13112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) places a huge disease burden on agriculture, affecting, in particular, small ruminant production. The recent PPR outbreaks in Northern Africa, the European part of Turkey, and Bulgaria represent a significant threat to mainland Europe, as a source of disease. Although two safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccines (Sungri/96 and Nigeria/75/1) are available for the control of PPR, current serological tests do not enable the differentiation between naturally infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). The vaccinated animals develop a full range of immune responses to viral proteins and, therefore, cannot be distinguished serologically from those that have recovered from a natural infection. This poses a serious problem for the post-vaccinal sero-surveillance during the ongoing PPR eradication program. Furthermore, during the latter stages of any eradication program, vaccination is only possible if the vaccine used is fully DIVA compliant. Using reverse genetics, we have developed two live attenuated PPR DIVA vaccines (Sungri/96 DIVA and Nigeria/75/1 DIVA), in which the C-terminal variable region of the PPRV N-protein has been replaced with dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). As a proof of principle, both the DIVA vaccines were evaluated in goats in pilot studies for safety and efficacy, and all the animals were clinically protected against the intranasal virulent virus challenge, similar to the parent vaccines. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate between infected animals and vaccinated animals using two newly developed ELISAs. Therefore, these DIVA vaccines and associated tests can facilitate the sero-monitoring process and speed up the implementation of global PPR eradication through vaccination.
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Chimeric Measles Virus (MV/RSV), Having Ectodomains of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F and G Proteins Instead of Measles Envelope Proteins, Induced Protective Antibodies against RSV. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020156. [PMID: 33669275 PMCID: PMC7920054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, fusion (F) or glyco (G) protein coding sequence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was inserted at the P/M junction of the measles AIK-C vector (MVAIK), and the recombinant measles virus induced protective immune responses. In the present study, the ectodomains of measles fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (HA) proteins were replaced with those of RSV F and G proteins, and a chimeric MV/RSV vaccine was developed. It expressed F and G proteins of RSV and induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in epithelial cell lines (Vero, A549, and HEp-2 cells), but not in lymphoid cell lines (B95a, Jurkat, and U937 cells). A chimeric MV/RSV grew similarly to AIK-C with no virus growth at 39 °C. It induced NT antibodies against RSV in cotton rats three weeks after immunization through intramuscular route and enhanced response was observed after the second dose at eight weeks. After the RSV challenge with 106 PFU, significantly lower virus (101.4±0.1 PFU of RSV) was recovered from lung tissue in the chimeric MV/RSV vaccine group than in the MVAIK control group with 104.6±0.2 PFU (p < 0.001) and no obvious inflammatory pathological finding was noted. The strategy of ectodomain replacement in the measles virus vector is expected to lead to the development of safe and effective vaccines for other enveloped viruses.
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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Toward peste des petits virus (PPRV) eradication: Diagnostic approaches, novel vaccines, and control strategies. Virus Res 2019; 274:197774. [PMID: 31606355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute transboundary infectious viral disease affecting domestic and wild small ruminants' species besides camels reared in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The virus is a serious paramount challenge to the sustainable agriculture advancement in the developing world. The disease outbreak was also detected for the first time in the European Union namely in Bulgaria at 2018. Therefore, the disease has lately been aimed for eradication with the purpose of worldwide clearance by 2030. Radically, the vaccines needed for effectively accomplishing this aim are presently convenient; however, the availableness of innovative modern vaccines to fulfill the desideratum for Differentiating between Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) may mitigate time spent and financial disbursement of serological monitoring and surveillance in the advanced levels for any disease obliteration campaign. We here highlight what is at the present time well-known about the virus and the different available diagnostic tools. Further, we interject on current updates and insights on several novel vaccines and on the possible current and prospective strategies to be applied for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Gerke C, Frantz PN, Ramsauer K, Tangy F. Measles-vectored vaccine approaches against viral infections: a focus on Chikungunya. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:393-403. [PMID: 30601074 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1562908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The large global burden of viral infections and especially the rapidly spreading vector-borne diseases and other emerging viral diseases show the need for new approaches in vaccine development. Several new vaccine technology platforms have been developed and are under evaluation. Areas covered: This article discusses the measles vector platform technology derived from the safe and highly efficacious measles virus vaccine. The pipeline of measles-vectored vaccine candidates against viral diseases is reviewed. Particular focus is given to the Chikungunya vaccine candidate as the first measles-vectored vaccine that demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and functionality of the technology in humans even in the presence of pre-existing anti-measles immunity and thus achieved proof of concept for the technology. Expert commentary: Demonstrating no impact of pre-existing anti-measles immunity in humans on the response to the transgene was fundamental for the technology and indicates that the technology is suitable for large-scale immunization in measles pre-immune populations. The proof of concept in humans combined with a large preclinical track record of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy for a variety of pathogens suggest the measles vector platform as promising plug-and-play vaccine platform technology for rapid development of effective preventive vaccines against viral and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phanramphoei N Frantz
- b Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR-3569 CNRS, Department of Virology , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.,c Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency , Pathumthani , Thailand
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- b Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, UMR-3569 CNRS, Department of Virology , Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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Yamaji Y, Sawada A, Yasui Y, Ito T, Nakayama T. Simultaneous Administration of Recombinant Measles Viruses Expressing Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion (F) and Nucleo (N) Proteins Induced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cotton Rats. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7010027. [PMID: 30836661 PMCID: PMC6466305 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that recombinant measles virus expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (F), MVAIK/RSV/F, induced neutralizing antibodies against RSV, and those expressing RSV-NP (MVAIK/RSV/NP) and M2-1 (MVAIK/RSV/M2-1) induced RSV-specific CD8+/IFN-γ+ cells, but not neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, MVAIK/RSV/F and MVAIK/RSV/NP were simultaneously administered to cotton rats and immune responses and protective effects were compared with MVAIK/RSV/F alone. Sufficient neutralizing antibodies against RSV and RSV-specific CD8+/IFN-γ+ cells were observed after re-immunization with simultaneous administration. After the RSV challenge, CD8+/IFN-γ+ increased in spleen cells obtained from the simultaneous immunization group in response to F and NP peptides. Higher numbers of CD8+/IFN-γ+ and CD4+/IFN-γ+ cells were detected in lung tissues from the simultaneous immunization group after the RSV challenge. No detectable RSV was recovered from lung homogenates in the immunized groups. Mild inflammatory reactions with the thickening of broncho-epithelial cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in lung tissues obtained from cotton rats immunized with MVAIK/RSV/F alone after the RSV challenge. No inflammatory responses were observed after the RSV challenge in the simultaneous immunization groups. The present results indicate that combined administration with MVAIK/RSV/F and MVAIK/RSV/NP induces humoral and cellular immune responses and shows effective protection against RSV, suggesting the importance of cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yasui
- Health Center, Keio University, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ito
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection II, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Frantz PN, Teeravechyan S, Tangy F. Measles-derived vaccines to prevent emerging viral diseases. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:493-500. [PMID: 29410084 PMCID: PMC7110469 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease epidemics match wars and natural disasters in their capacity to threaten lives and damage economies. Like SARS previously and Zika recently, the Ebola crisis in 2015 showed how vulnerable the world is to these epidemics, with over 11,000 people dying in the outbreak. In addition to causing immense human suffering, these epidemics particularly affect low- and middle-income countries. Many of these deadly infectious diseases that have epidemic potential can become global health emergencies in the absence of effective vaccines. But very few vaccines against these threats have been developed to create proven medical products. The measles vaccine is an efficient, live attenuated, replicating virus that has been safely administered to 2 billion children over the last 40 years, affording life-long protection after a single dose. Taking advantage of these characteristics, this attenuated virus was transformed into a versatile chimeric or recombinant vaccine vector with demonstrated proof-of-principle in humans and a preclinical track record of rapid adaptability and effectiveness for a variety of pathogens. Clinical trials have shown the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine platform in individuals with preexisting immunity to measles. This review describes the potential of this platform to develop new vaccines against emerging viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanramphoei N Frantz
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3965, Paris, France; Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Samaporn Teeravechyan
- Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3965, Paris, France.
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Sawada A, Yunomae K, Nakayama T. Immunogenicity of recombinant measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus in cynomolgus monkeys. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:132-136. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Yunomae
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories; Drug Safety Research Laboratories; Miyanoura-cho 2438 Kagoshima City Kagoshima Prefecture 891-1394 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I; Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences; Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
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9
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New Insights Contributing to the Development of Effective Vaccines and Therapies to Reduce the Pathology Caused by hRSV. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081753. [PMID: 28800119 PMCID: PMC5578143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) worldwide, leading to significant levels of immunocompromisation as well as morbidity and mortality in infants. Its main target of infection is the ciliated epithelium of the lungs and the host immune responses elicited is ineffective at achieving viral clearance. It is thought that the lack of effective immunity against hRSV is due in part to the activity of several viral proteins that modulate the host immune response, enhancing a Th2-like pro-inflammatory state, with the secretion of cytokines that promote the infiltration of immune cells to the lungs, with consequent damage. Furthermore, the adaptive immunity triggered by hRSV infection is characterized by weak cytotoxic T cell responses and secretion of low affinity antibodies by B cells. These features of hRSV infection have meant that, to date, no effective and safe vaccines have been licensed. In this article, we will review in detail the information regarding hRSV characteristics, pathology, and host immune response, along with several prophylactic treatments and vaccine prototypes. We will also expose significant data regarding the newly developed BCG-based vaccine that promotes protective cellular and humoral response against hRSV infection, which is currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
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10
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Abstract
The classic development of vaccines is lengthy, tedious, and may not necessarily be successful as demonstrated by the case of HIV. This is especially a problem for emerging pathogens that are newly introduced into the human population and carry the inherent risk of pandemic spread in a naïve population. For such situations, a considerable number of different platform technologies are under development. These are also under development for pathogens, where directly derived vaccines are regarded as too complicated or even dangerous due to the induction of inefficient or unwanted immune responses causing considerable side-effects as for dengue virus. Among platform technologies are plasmid-based DNA vaccines, RNA replicons, single-round infectious vector particles, or replicating vaccine-based vectors encoding (a) critical antigen(s) of the target pathogens. Among the latter, recombinant measles viruses derived from vaccine strains have been tested. Measles vaccines are among the most effective and safest life-attenuated vaccines known. Therefore, the development of Schwarz-, Moraten-, or AIK-C-strain derived recombinant vaccines against a wide range of mostly viral, but also bacterial pathogens was quite straightforward. These vaccines generally induce powerful humoral and cellular immune responses in appropriate animal models, i.e., transgenic mice or non-human primates. Also in the recent first clinical phase I trial, the results have been quite encouraging. The trial indicated the expected safety and efficacy also in human patients, interestingly independent from the level of prevalent anti-measles immunity before the trial. Thereby, recombinant measles vaccines expressing additional antigens are a promising platform for future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mühlebach
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
This chapter describes the development of recombinant measles virus (MV)-based vaccines starting from plasmid DNA. Live-attenuated measles vaccines are very efficient and safe. Since the availability of a reverse genetic system to manipulate MV genomes and to generate respective recombinant viruses, a considerable number of recombinant viruses has been generated that present antigens of foreign pathogens during MV replication. Thereby, robust humoral and cellular immune responses can be induced, which have shown protective capacity in a substantial number of experiments.For this purpose, the foreign antigen-encoding genes are cloned into additional transcription units of plasmid based full-length MV vaccine strain genomes, which in turn are used to rescue recombinant MV by providing both full-length viral RNA genomes respective anti-genomes together with all protein components of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex after transient transfection of the so-called rescue cells. Infectious centers form among these transfected cells, which allow clonal isolation of single recombinant viruses that are subsequently amplified, characterized in vitro, and then evaluated for their immunogenicity in appropriate preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen C. Ferran
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York USA
| | - Gary R. Skuse
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York USA
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12
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Swett-Tapia C, Bogaert L, de Jong P, van Hoek V, Schouten T, Damen I, Spek D, Wanningen P, Radošević K, Widjojoatmodjo MN, Zahn R, Custers J, Roy S. Recombinant measles virus incorporating heterologous viral membrane proteins for use as vaccines. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2117-2128. [PMID: 27311834 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant measles virus (rMV) vectors expressing heterologous viral membrane protein antigens are potentially useful as vaccines. Genes encoding the mumps virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN), the influenza virus haemagglutinin (Flu-HA) or the respiratory syncytial virus fusion (RSV-F) proteins were inserted into the genome of a live attenuated vaccine strain of measles virus. Additionally, in this case rMV with the MuV-HN or the influenza HA inserts, chimeric constructs were created that harboured the measles virus native haemagglutinin or fusion protein cytoplasmic domains. In all three cases, sucrose-gradient purified preparations of rMV were found to have incorporated the heterologous viral membrane protein on the viral membrane. The possible utility of rMV expressing RSV-F (rMV.RSV-F) as a vaccine was tested in a cotton rat challenge model. Vaccination with rMV.RSV-F efficiently induced neutralizing antibodies against RSV and protected animals from infection with RSV in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Swett-Tapia
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Bogaert
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal de Jong
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir van Hoek
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Schouten
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Damen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Spek
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Wanningen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Radošević
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myra N Widjojoatmodjo
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Soumitra Roy
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yamaji Y, Yasui Y, Nakayama T. Development of Acquired Immunity following Repeated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Cotton Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155777. [PMID: 27224021 PMCID: PMC4880180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections occur every year worldwide. Most infants are infected with RSV by one year of age and are reinfected because immune responses after the first infection are too weak to protect against subsequent infections. In the present study, immune responses against RSV were investigated in order to obtain a better understanding of repetitive RSV infections in cotton rats. No detectable neutralizing antibody (NT) was developed after the first infection, and the second infection was not prevented. The results of histological examinations revealed severe inflammation, viral antigens were detected around bronchial epithelial cells, and infectious viruses were recovered from lung homogenates. Following the second infection neutralizing antibodies were significantly elevated, and CD8+ cells were activated in response to RSV-F253-265. No viral antigens was detected thereafter in lung tissues and infectious viruses were not recovered. Similar results were obtained in the present study using the subgroups A and B. These results support the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses following repetitive infections with RSV; however, these responses were insufficient to eliminate viruses in the first and second infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8641, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yasui
- Health Center, Keio University, Kanagawa 223–8521, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108–8641, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Higuchi A, Toriniwa H, Komiya T, Nakayama T. Recombinant Measles AIK-C Vaccine Strain Expressing the prM-E Antigen of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150213. [PMID: 26930411 PMCID: PMC4773129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine, which induces neutralizing antibodies, has been used for many years in Japan. In the present study, the JEV prM-E protein gene was cloned, inserted at the P/M junction of measles AIK-C cDNA, and an infectious virus was recovered. The JEV E protein was expressed in B95a cells infected with the recombinant virus. Cotton rats were inoculated with recombinant virus. Measles PA antibodies were detected three weeks after immunization. Neutralizing antibodies against JEV developed one week after inoculation, and EIA antibodies were detected three weeks after immunization. The measles AIK-C-based recombinant virus simultaneously induced measles and JEV immune responses, and may be a candidate for infant vaccines. Therefore, the present strategy of recombinant viruses based on a measles vaccine vector would be applicable to the platform for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Higuchi
- Kitasato-Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine, Division of Vaccine Production, Kitamoto City, Saitama Prefecture, 364–0026, Japan
| | - Hiroko Toriniwa
- Kitasato-Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine, Division of Vaccine Development, Kitamoto City, Saitama Prefecture, 364–0026, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Komiya
- Kitasato-Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine, Division of Vaccine Development, Kitamoto City, Saitama Prefecture, 364–0026, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Kitasato Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus causes a highly infectious disease of small ruminants that is endemic across Africa, the Middle East and large regions of Asia. The virus is considered to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world and has recently been targeted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) for eradication with the aim of global elimination of the disease by 2030. Fundamentally, the vaccines required to successfully achieve this goal are currently available, but the availability of novel vaccine preparations to also fulfill the requisite for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) may reduce the time taken and the financial costs of serological surveillance in the later stages of any eradication campaign. Here, we overview what is currently known about the virus, with reference to its origin, updated global circulation, molecular evolution, diagnostic tools and vaccines currently available to combat the disease. Further, we comment on recent developments in our knowledge of various recombinant vaccines and on the potential for the development of novel multivalent vaccines for small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom; National Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, India.
| | - M Muniraju
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - M Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - H Buczkowski
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB United Kingdom
| | - A C Banyard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB United Kingdom
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16
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Baldo A, Galanis E, Tangy F, Herman P. Biosafety considerations for attenuated measles virus vectors used in virotherapy and vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:1102-16. [PMID: 26631840 PMCID: PMC4963060 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it attractive candidate vector to prevent infectious diseases. Attenuated MV have acquired the ability to use the complement regulator CD46 as a major receptor to mediate virus entry and intercellular fusion. Therefore, attenuated MV strains preferentially infect and destroy a wide variety of cancer cells making them also attractive oncolytic vectors. The use of recombinant MV vector has to comply with various regulatory requirements, particularly relating to the assessment of potential risks for human health and the environment. The present article highlights the main characteristics of MV and recombinant MV vectors used for vaccination and virotherapy and discusses these features from a biosafety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Baldo
- a Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- b Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- c Institut Pasteur, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, CNRS UMR 3569 , Paris , France
| | - Philippe Herman
- a Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit , Brussels , Belgium
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17
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Nakayama T, Sawada A, Yamaji Y, Ito T. Recombinant measles AIK-C vaccine strain expressing heterologous virus antigens. Vaccine 2015; 34:292-295. [PMID: 26562316 PMCID: PMC7115616 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Further attenuated measles vaccines were developed more than 50 years ago and have been used throughout the world. Recombinant measles vaccine candidates have been developed and express several heterologous virus protective antigens. Immunogenicity and protective actions were confirmed using experimental animals: transgenic mice, cotton rats, and primates. The recent development of measles vaccine-based vectored vaccine candidates has been reviewed and some information on recombinant measles vaccines expressing respiratory syncytial virus proteins has been shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakayama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaji
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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18
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Murakami K, Matsuura M, Ota M, Gomi Y, Yamanishi K, Mori Y. A recombinant varicella vaccine harboring a respiratory syncytial virus gene induces humoral immunity. Vaccine 2015; 33:6085-92. [PMID: 26116253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Oka vaccine strain (vOka) is highly efficient and causes few adverse events; therefore, it is used worldwide. We previously constructed recombinant vOka (rvOka) harboring the mumps virus gene. Immunizing guinea pigs with rvOka induced the production of neutralizing antibodies against the mumps virus and VZV. Here, we constructed recombinant vOka viruses containing either the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A fusion glycoprotein (RSV A-F) gene or RSV subgroup B fusion glycoprotein (RSV B-F) gene (rvOka-RSV A-F or rvOka-RSV B-F). Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses confirmed the expression of each recombinant RSV protein in virus-infected cells. Immunizing guinea pigs with rvOka-RSV A-F or rvOka-RSV B-F led to the induction of antibodies against RSV proteins. These results suggest that the current varicella vaccine genome can be used to generate custom-made vaccine vectors to develop the next generation of live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Murakami
- Division of Clinical Virology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Kanonji Institute, Seto Center, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-cho, Kanonji 768-0065, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsuura
- Kanonji Institute, Seto Center, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-cho, Kanonji 768-0065, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Ota
- Division of Clinical Virology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gomi
- Kanonji Institute, Seto Center, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-cho, Kanonji 768-0065, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamanishi
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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19
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Rivera CA, Gómez RS, Díaz RA, Céspedes PF, Espinoza JA, González PA, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Novel therapies and vaccines against the human respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1613-30. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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