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Massei G, Jacob J, Hinds LA. Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners. Integr Zool 2024; 19:87-107. [PMID: 37277987 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife, including rodents. The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods, increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission, particularly of zoonoses. We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species. Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent management. The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and, at times, in parallel, with initial research being conducted on (1) laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals; (2) simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of a field-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected; (3) development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios; and (4) implementation of large-scale, replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scale field situations. In some circumstances, fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods (e.g. some culling). Assessment of non-target effects, direct and indirect, and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined. Developing fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Massei
- Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control, Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Jens Jacob
- Rodent Research, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Münster, Germany
| | - Lyn A Hinds
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Bansal A, Gamal W, Menon IJ, Olson V, Wu X, D'Souza MJ. Laser-assisted skin delivery of immunocontraceptive rabies nanoparticulate vaccine in poloxamer gel. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105560. [PMID: 32949750 PMCID: PMC10964170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A painless skin delivery of vaccine for disease prevention is of great advantage in improving compliance in patients. To test this idea as a proof of concept, we utilized a pDNA vaccine construct, pDNAg333-2GnRH that has a dual function of controlling rabies and inducing immunocontraception in animals. The pDNA was administered to mice in a nanoparticulate form delivered through the skin using the P.L.E.A.S.E.® (Precise Laser Epidermal System) microporation laser device. Laser application was well tolerated, and mild skin reaction was healed completely in 8 days. We demonstrated that adjuvanted nanoparticulate pDNA vaccine significantly upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in dendritic cells. After topical administration of the adjuvanted nano-vaccine in mice, the high avidity serum for GnRH antibodies were induced and maintained up to 9 weeks. The induced immune response was of a mixed Th1/Th2 profile as measured by IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG1) and cytokine levels (IFN-γ and IL-4). Using flow cytometry, we revealed an increase of CD8+ T-cells and CD45R B cells upon the administration of the adjuvanted vaccine. Our previous study used the same pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine through an IM route, and a comparable immune response was induced using P.L.E.A.S.E. However, the vaccine dose in the current study was four-fold less than what was applied through the IM route.We concluded that laser-assisted skin vaccination has a potential of becoming a safe and reliable vaccination tool for rabies vaccination in animals or even in humans for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bansal
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Wael Gamal
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ipshita Jayaprakash Menon
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xianfu Wu
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Zhao J, Li J, Jiang Z, Tong R, Duan X, Bai L, Shi J. Chitosan, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC): The potential immune adjuvants and nano carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bansal A, Gamal W, Wu X, Yang Y, Olson V, D'Souza MJ. Evaluation of an adjuvanted hydrogel-based pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine for rabies prevention and immunocontraception. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102049. [PMID: 31279062 PMCID: PMC11287484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunocontraceptive vaccination is becoming an acceptable strategy in managing animal populations. Mass vaccination of dogs is the most cost-effective and efficient method to control rabies, and combination of rabies vaccination and animal population control will be an added advantage. In this study, we developed an adjuvanted hydrogel-based pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine for rabies protection and immunocontraception. In vivo, we observed an immune response skewed toward a Th2 type, in contrast to the Th1 type in our previous pDNA study. The observation was verified by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio (<1), and cytokine expression profile of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The humoral immune response is key for rabies protection and a GnRH antibody-based immunocontraception. In mice, anti-GnRH antibody titers were detected 4 weeks after immunization and lasted for 12 weeks, post animal experiment was terminated. The adjuvanted pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine shows promise for future studies evaluating protection from rabies challenge and prevention of animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bansal
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wael Gamal
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xianfu Wu
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, DHCPP, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Mercer University, College of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rowe A. The importance of selection and reporting of the sex of experimental animals. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biased use of males and females in animal studies or omitting specific details of the sex of animals used in publications limits reproducibility, hampers the pace and likelihood of new discoveries and invites adverse events in ensuing clinical research. Hence unbiased use of males and females in animal studies and specific reporting of animal details are increasingly required by funding bodies and scientific journals worldwide. An analysis to determine how males and females are used in animal studies involving the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) was undertaken as part of a process to review and further support best practice. In the study 178 publications that contain animal studies and include CSIRO researchers published between January 2014 and December 2016 were analysed for the sex of animals used. The overall sex distribution was males only 26.4% (47/178), females only 15.7% (28/178), males and females 18.0% (32/178) and sex of animals unspecified 39.9% (71/178). Reasons for this distribution include species biology, farming practices and commercial relevance. Although including sex as an experimental variable provides the most information, using both sexes in an animal study requires careful consideration and planning. Furthermore, there are valid biological and experimental reasons why sex distribution in a study may not be balanced. Biological reasons include cases where the severity of disease in a given model differs between males and females, superior husbandry or production traits in one sex and hermaphroditic species that change sex with age. Examples where experiments can only be undertaken in one sex of animal include animal models of female breast cancer, female reproductive traits, male fertility studies and post-castration welfare outcomes. Where there is no biological or experimental reason for using a single sex of animal, future studies should obtain an estimate of sex effect either from the literature or with a pilot study, and experiments should be planned and reported accordingly.
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Siel D, Loaiza A, Vidal S, Caruffo M, Paredes R, Ramirez G, Lapierre L, Briceño C, Pérez O, Sáenz L. The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH-I expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29048721 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Immunocastration or vaccination against the GnRH-I hormone is a promising alternative to reproductive control in different animal species. Given the low immunogenicity of this hormone, the use of adjuvants becomes necessary. METHOD OF STUDY This study evaluated the effects of three adjuvants that induce different immune response profiles over gonadal function, fertility, and expression of GnRH-I. Female mice (n = 6) were vaccinated at days 1 and 30 with a recombinant antigen for immunocastration and different adjuvants that induced preferentially Th1/Th2, Th2, and Th1 immune profiles. RESULTS Th1/Th2 response is the most efficient to block reproductive activity in vaccinated animals, reducing the number of luteal bodies and pre-ovulatory follicles. Th2 and Th1/Th2 responses induced an increase in GnRH-I at the hypothalamus. CONCLUSION The immune profile induced by different adjuvants is essential on the effects over fertility, gonadal function, and hypothalamic GnRH-I expression in immunocastrated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Loaiza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galia Ramirez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Briceño
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas "Victoria de Girón", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Han Y, Liu G, Jiang X, Ijaz N, Tesema B, Xie G. KISS1 can be used as a novel target for developing a DNA immunocastration vaccine in ram lambs. Vaccine 2015; 33:777-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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