1
|
Tullius MV, Bowen RA, Back PS, Masleša-Galić S, Nava S, Horwitz MA. LVS Δ capB-vectored multiantigenic melioidosis vaccines protect against lethal respiratory Burkholderia pseudomallei challenge in highly sensitive BALB/c mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0018624. [PMID: 38511933 PMCID: PMC11005352 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00186-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen and Tier 1 select agent Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), is a highly fatal disease endemic in tropical areas. No licensed vaccine against melioidosis exists. In preclinical vaccine studies, demonstrating protection against respiratory infection in the highly sensitive BALB/c mouse has been especially challenging. To address this challenge, we have used a safe yet potent live attenuated platform vector, LVS ΔcapB, previously used successfully to develop vaccines against the Tier 1 select agents of tularemia, anthrax, and plague, to develop a melioidosis vaccine. We have engineered melioidosis vaccines (rLVS ΔcapB/Bp) expressing multiple immunoprotective Bp antigens among type VI secretion system proteins Hcp1, Hcp2, and Hcp6, and membrane protein LolC. Administered intradermally, rLVS ΔcapB/Bp vaccines strongly protect highly sensitive BALB/c mice against lethal respiratory Bp challenge, but protection is overwhelmed at very high challenge doses. In contrast, administered intranasally, rLVS ΔcapB/Bp vaccines remain strongly protective against even very high challenge doses. Under some conditions, the LVS ΔcapB vector itself provides significant protection against Bp challenge, and consistent with this, both the vector and vaccines induce humoral immune responses to Bp antigens. Three-antigen vaccines expressing Hcp6-Hcp1-Hcp2 or Hcp6-Hcp1-LolC are among the most potent and provide long-term protection and protection even with a single intranasal immunization. Protection via the intranasal route was either comparable to or statistically significantly better than the single-deletional Bp mutant Bp82, which served as a positive control. Thus, rLVS ΔcapB/Bp vaccines are exceptionally promising safe and potent melioidosis vaccines. IMPORTANCE Melioidosis, a major neglected disease caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in many tropical areas of the world and causes an estimated 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths in humans annually. Moreover, B. pseudomallei is categorized as a Tier 1 select agent of bioterrorism, largely because inhalation of low doses can cause rapidly fatal pneumonia. No licensed vaccine is available to prevent melioidosis. Here, we describe a safe and potent melioidosis vaccine that protects against lethal respiratory challenge with B. pseudomallei in a highly sensitive small animal model-even a single immunization is highly protective, and the vaccine gives long-term protection. The vaccine utilizes a highly attenuated replicating intracellular bacterium as a vector to express multiple key proteins of B. pseudomallei; this vector platform has previously been used successfully to develop potent vaccines against other Tier 1 select agent diseases including tularemia, anthrax, and plague.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Tullius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter S. Back
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saša Masleša-Galić
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susana Nava
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcus A. Horwitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Badten AJ, Torres AG. Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38543947 PMCID: PMC10975474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases in at-risk populations. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, the etiological agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are the two clinically relevant members of the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc). The development of vaccines against Bpc species has been accelerated in recent years, resulting in numerous promising subunits and glycoconjugate vaccines incorporating a variety of antigens. However, a second group of pathogenic Burkholderia species exists known as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of opportunistic bacteria which tend to affect individuals with weakened immunity or cystic fibrosis. To date, there have been few attempts to develop vaccines to Bcc species. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of the various subunit antigens that have been tested in Bpc species, their protective efficacy, study limitations, and known or suspected mechanisms of protection. Then, we assess the reviewed Bpc antigens for their amino acid sequence conservation to homologous proteins found in Bcc species. We propose that protective Bpc antigens with a high degree of Bpc-to-Bcc sequence conservation could serve as components of a pan-Burkholderia vaccine capable of protecting against both disease-causing groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Badten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tomás-Cortázar J, Quinn C, Corcoran N, Blanco A, Christensen D, McClean S. BpOmpW antigen administered with CAF01 adjuvant stimulates comparable T cell responses to Sigma adjuvant system. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100438. [PMID: 38303776 PMCID: PMC10831100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed vaccines to protect vulnerable populations from the potentially fatal tropical infection, melioidosis, despite its causative agent, Burkholderia pseudomallei, being endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. A promising vaccine candidate, BpOmpW protected mice from melioidosis infection for up to 81 days and stimulated robust interferon gamma responses in CD4+, CD8+, NK and NKT cells. In order to progress to human studies, selection of an adjuvant with an acceptable human safety profile that stimulates appropriate correlates of protection is essential. Here we demonstrate that the CAF01 vaccine adjuvant elicits optimal immune correlates of protection when administered with our BpOmpW vaccine. Specifically, we demonstrate that CAF01 administered with BpOmpW elicits robust Th1 responses, with potent IFN-γ responses in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NKT cells, in addition to Th17 and Th2 responses. This formulation will be particularly effective in protecting susceptible populations including people with type 2 diabetes from melioidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Quinn
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Corcoran
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Siobhán McClean
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grund M, Choi SJ, Powell L, Lukomski S. Intranasal immunization with a Bucl8-based vaccine ameliorates bacterial burden and pathological inflammation, and promotes an IgG2a/b dominant response in an outbred mouse model of Burkholderia infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177650. [PMID: 37545515 PMCID: PMC10399622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of the tropical disease melioidosis. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine for melioidosis, but numerous candidates are being tested for protective efficacy and characterization of the elicited immune response. Our lab has previously reported the immunogenicity of a Bucl8-protein-based peptide antigen, designated L1-CRM197 (Cross-reacting material 197). When given subcutaneously, this vaccine formulation promoted a strong Th2 (IgG1) antibody response, however immunization did not protect from death. In this study, we hypothesized that an intranasally administered L1-CRM197 vaccine would induce protective mucosal immunity. To evaluate vaccine efficacy, we developed a surrogate Burkholderia infection model that employs outbred CD-1 mice which imitates the immunogenetic diversity of humans. Mice were immunized with either L1-CRM197 adjuvanted with fluorinated cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (FCDG) or with FCDG-only control. These mice were then challenged intranasally with an infectious dose of a luminescent strain of B. thailandensis E264 two weeks post-immunization, and correlates of protection were assessed in euthanized mice on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 post-infection. Overall, intranasal vaccination, compared to subcutaneous administration, induced a stronger Th1 (IgG2a/2b) to Th2 (IgG1) antibody response and promoted anti-L1 nasal, pulmonary, and systemic IgA. Additionally, sera IgG from L1-CRM197-vaccinated mice recognized whole-cell B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei, a select agent exempt strain Bp82. Vaccination ameliorated disease indicators, including luminescent signal and bacterial cell counts, weight and temperature loss, and organ weight, which negatively correlated with IgG2a antibody levels and mucosa-stimulating cytokines IL-13 and IL-9. L1-CRM197-vaccinated mice also had earlier resolution of inflammatory and tissue-damaging cytokines compared to the FCDG-only controls. These results suggest a balanced humoral and cell-mediated response, along with mucosa-based immunity are beneficial for protection. Future efforts should further assess mucosal cellular and humoral mechanisms of protection and test such protection, using aerosolized B. pseudomallei select agent strain(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quinn C, Tomás-Cortázar J, Ofioritse O, Cosgrave J, Purcell C, McAloon C, Frost S, McClean S. GlnH, a Novel Antigen That Offers Partial Protection against Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:175. [PMID: 36680019 PMCID: PMC9863631 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) causes zoonotic infections, with potentially devastating complications, and children under 5 years old are particularly susceptible. Antibiotic treatment is contraindicated, and due to the high proportion of infected children that suffer from severe and life-changing complications, there is an unmet need for a vaccine to prevent VTEC infections. Bacterial adhesins represent promising candidates for the successful development of a vaccine against VTEC. Using a proteomic approach to identify bacterial proteins interacting with human gastrointestinal epithelial Caco-2 and HT-29 cells, we identified eleven proteins by mass spectrometry. These included a glutamine-binding periplasmic protein, GlnH, a member of the ABC transporter family. The glnH gene was identified in 13 of the 15 bovine and all 5 human patient samples tested, suggesting that it is prevalent. We confirmed that GlnH is involved in the host cell attachment of an O157:H7 prototype E. coli strain to gastrointestinal cells in vitro. Recombinant GlnH was expressed and purified prior to the immunisation of mice. When alum was used as an adjuvant, GlnH was highly immunogenic, stimulating strong serological responses in immunised mice, and it resulted in a modest reduction in faecal shedding but did not reduce colonisation. GlnH immunisation with a T-cell-inducing adjuvant (SAS) also showed comparable antibody responses and an IgG1/IgG2a ratio suggestive of a mixed Th1/Th2 response but was partially protective, with a 1.5-log reduction in colonisation of the colon and caecum at 7 days relative to the adjuvant only (p = 0.0280). It is clear that future VTEC vaccine developments should consider the contribution of adjuvants in addition to antigens. Moreover, it is likely that a combined cellular and humoral response may prove more beneficial in providing protective interventions against VTEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Quinn
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 24, Ireland
- APC Ltd., Building 11, Cherrywood Business Park, Loughlinstown, D18 DH5 Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Oritsejolomi Ofioritse
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Cosgrave
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Purcell
- Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Catherine McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susanna Frost
- Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 24, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu K, Li G, Li J, Zheng M, Peng X, Rao Y, Li M, Zhou R, Rao X. Hcp1-loaded staphylococcal membrane vesicle vaccine protects against acute melioidosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1089225. [PMID: 36618368 PMCID: PMC9822774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causal agent of melioidosis, a deadly tropical infectious disease that lacks a vaccine. On the basis of the attenuated Staphylococcus aureus RN4220-Δagr (RN), we engineered the RN4220-Δagr/pdhB-hcp1 strain (RN-Hcp1) to generate B. pseudomallei hemolysin-coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1)-loaded membrane vesicles (hcp1MVs). The immunization of BALB/c mice with hcp1MVs mixed with adjuvant by a three-dose regimen increased the serum specific IgG production. The serum levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α and IL-6, in hcp1MV-vaccinated mice were comparable with those in PBS-challenged mice. The partial adjuvant effect of staphylococcal MVs was observed with the elevation of specific antibody titer in hcp1MV-vaccinated mice relative to those that received the recombinant Hcp1 protein (rHcp1) or MVs derived from RN strain (ΔagrMVs). The hcp1MVs/adjuvant vaccine protected 70% of mice from lethal B. pseudomallei challenge. Immunization with hcp1MVs only protected 60% of mice, whereas vaccination with rHcp1 or ΔagrMVs conferred no protection. Moreover, mice that received hcp1MVs/adjuvant and hcp1MVs immunization had low serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels and no inflammatory infiltration in comparison with other groups. In addition, all surviving mice in hcp1MVs/adjuvant and hcp1MVs groups exhibited no culturable bacteria in their lungs, livers, and spleens five days postinfection. Overall, our data highlighted a new strategy for developing B. pseudomallei vaccine and showed that Hcp1-incorporated staphylococcal MV is a promising candidate for the prevention of acute melioidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keting Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxia Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Renjie Zhou, ; Xiancai Rao,
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Renjie Zhou, ; Xiancai Rao,
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Renjie Zhou, ; Xiancai Rao,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biryukov SS, Cote CK, Klimko CP, Dankmeyer JL, Rill NO, Shoe JL, Hunter M, Shamsuddin Z, Velez I, Hedrick ZM, Rosario-Acevedo R, Talyansky Y, Schmidt LK, Orne CE, Fetterer DP, Burtnick MN, Brett PJ, Welkos SL, DeShazer D. Evaluation of two different vaccine platforms for immunization against melioidosis and glanders. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:965518. [PMID: 36060742 PMCID: PMC9428723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and the closely related species, Burkholderia mallei, produce similar multifaceted diseases which range from rapidly fatal to protracted and chronic, and are a major cause of mortality in endemic regions. Besides causing natural infections, both microbes are Tier 1 potential biothreat agents. Antibiotic treatment is prolonged with variable results, hence effective vaccines are urgently needed. The purpose of our studies was to compare candidate vaccines that target both melioidosis and glanders to identify the most efficacious one(s) and define residual requirements for their transition to the non-human primate aerosol model. Studies were conducted in the C57BL/6 mouse model to evaluate the humoral and cell-mediated immune response and protective efficacy of three Burkholderia vaccine candidates against lethal aerosol challenges with B. pseudomallei K96243, B. pseudomallei MSHR5855, and B. mallei FMH. The recombinant vaccines generated significant immune responses to the vaccine antigens, and the live attenuated vaccine generated a greater immune response to OPS and the whole bacterial cells. Regardless of the candidate vaccine evaluated, the protection of mice was associated with a dampened cytokine response within the lungs after exposure to aerosolized bacteria. Despite being delivered by two different platforms and generating distinct immune responses, two experimental vaccines, a capsule conjugate + Hcp1 subunit vaccine and the live B. pseudomallei 668 ΔilvI strain, provided significant protection and were down-selected for further investigation and advanced development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei S. Biryukov
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher K. Cote
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Nathaniel O. Rill
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Melissa Hunter
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zain Shamsuddin
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Velez
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zander M. Hedrick
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yuli Talyansky
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lindsey K. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Caitlyn E. Orne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mary N. Burtnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul J. Brett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan L. Welkos
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David DeShazer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
- David DeShazer
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Combing Immunoinformatics with Pangenome Analysis To Design a Multiepitope Subunit Vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae K1, K2, K47, and K64. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114822. [PMID: 35863000 PMCID: PMC9431259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that has become a leading causative agent of nosocomial infections, mainly infecting patients with immunosuppressive diseases. Capsular (K) serotypes K1, K2, K47, and K64 are commonly associated with higher virulence (hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae), and more threateningly, isolates belonging to the last two K serotypes are also frequently associated with resistance to carbapenem (hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae). The prevalence of these isolates has posed significant threats to human health, and there are no appropriate therapies available against them. Therefore, in this study, a method combining immunoinformatics and pangenome analysis was applied for contriving a multiepitope subunit vaccine against these four threatening serotypes. To obtain cross-protection, 12 predicted conserved antigens were screened from the core genome of 274 complete Klebsiella pneumoniae genomes (KL1, KL2, KL47, and KL64), from which the epitopes of T and B cells were extracted for vaccine construction. In addition, the immunological properties, the interaction with Toll-like receptors, and the stability in a simulative humoral environment were evaluated by immunoinformatics methods, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. All of these evaluations indicated the potency of this constructed vaccine to be an effective therapeutic agent. Lastly, the cDNA of the designed vaccine was optimized and ligated to pET-28a(+) for expression vector construction. Overall, our research provides a newly cross-protective control strategy against these troublesome pathogens and paves the way for the development of a safe and effective vaccine. IMPORTANCEKlebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that has become a leading causative agent of nosocomial infections. Among the numerous capsular serotypes, K1, K2, K47, and K64 are commonly associated with higher virulence (hypervirulent K. pneumoniae). More threateningly, the last two serotypes are frequently associated with resistance to carbapenem (hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae). However, there is currently no therapeutic agent or vaccine specifically against these isolates. Therefore, development of a vaccine against these pathogens is very essential. In this study, for the first time, a method combining pangenome analysis, reverse vaccinology, and immunoinformatics was applied for contriving a multiepitope subunit vaccine against K. pneumoniae isolates of K1, K2, K47, and K64. Also, the immunological properties of the constructed vaccine were evaluated and its high potency was revealed. Overall, our research will pave the way for the vaccine development against these four threatening capsular serotypes of K. pneumoniae.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomás-Cortázar J, Bossi L, Quinn C, Reynolds CJ, Butler DK, Corcoran N, Murchú MÓ, McMahon E, Singh M, Rongkard P, Anguita J, Blanco A, Dunachie SJ, Altmann D, Boyton RJ, Arnold J, Giltaire S, McClean S. BpOmpW Antigen Stimulates the Necessary Protective T-Cell Responses Against Melioidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767359. [PMID: 34966388 PMCID: PMC8710444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and is estimated to cause 89,000 deaths per year in endemic areas of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. People with diabetes mellitus are most at risk of melioidosis, with a 12-fold increased susceptibility for severe disease. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses from CD4 and CD8 T cells, but also from natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, are necessary to eliminate the pathogen. We previously reported that immunization with B. pseudomallei OmpW (BpOmpW antigen) protected mice from lethal B. pseudomallei challenge for up to 81 days. Elucidating the immune correlates of protection of the protective BpOmpW vaccine is an essential step prior to clinical trials. Thus, we immunized either non-insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice or an insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a single dose of BpOmpW. BpOmpW induced strong antibody responses, stimulated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and produced higher IFN-γ responses in CD4+, CD8+, NK, and NKT cells in non-insulin-resistant mice. The T-cell responses of insulin-resistant mice to BpOmpW were comparable to those of non-insulin-resistant mice. In addition, as a precursor to its evaluation in human studies, humanized HLA-DR and HLA-DQ (human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ isotypes, respectively) transgenic mice elicited IFN-γ recall responses in an enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot)-based study. Moreover, human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to BpOmpW for 7 days showed T-cell proliferation. Finally, plasma from melioidosis survivors with diabetes recognized our BpOmpW vaccine antigen. Overall, the range of approaches used strongly indicated that BpOmpW elicits the necessary immune responses to combat melioidosis and bring this vaccine closer to clinical trials.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/immunology
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/metabolism
- Burkholderia pseudomallei/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Male
- Melioidosis/immunology
- Melioidosis/microbiology
- Melioidosis/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/microbiology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Bossi
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Conor Quinn
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine J. Reynolds
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh Corcoran
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maitiú Ó Murchú
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eve McMahon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Patpong Rongkard
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Arnold
- Immunxperts SA, a Nexelis Company, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Z, Zheng X, Guo G, Dong Y, Xu Z, Wei X, Han X, Liu Y, Zhang W. Combining pangenome analysis to identify potential cross-protective antigens against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:66-75. [PMID: 34845943 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2005240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the bacterial pathogen of poultry colibacillosis, which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The lack of an effective vaccine against multiple serotypes and the emergence of multi-resistant isolates have made the control of avian colibacillosis troublesome. To identify conserved potential vaccine candidates, 58 genomes of APEC were obtained (54 sequenced by our laboratory and 4 downloaded from NCBI). A reverse vaccinology (RV) method based on the pangenome - called Pan-RV analysis - was performed in APEC-protective protein mining for the first time. Finally, four proteins were selected, and their immunoreactivity with anti-O1, O2, and O78 serum was verified by western blotting. Our in silico method of analysis will pave the way for rapid screening of vaccine candidates and will lay the foundation for the development of a highly effective subunit vaccine controlling APEC infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangkuan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongyi Dong
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiankai Wei
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250108, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China; OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent Progress in Shigella and Burkholderia pseudomallei Vaccines. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111353. [PMID: 34832508 PMCID: PMC8621228 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advancement has been made in the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. However, several roadblocks have been found during the evaluation of vaccines against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Therefore, new lessons could be learned from different vaccines developed against unrelated intracellular pathogens. Bacillary dysentery and melioidosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing nations, which are caused by the intracellular bacteria Shigella and Burkholderia pseudomallei, respectively. Although the mechanisms of bacterial infection, dissemination, and route of infection do not provide clues about the commonalities of the pathogenic infectious processes of these bacteria, a wide variety of vaccine platforms recently evaluated suggest that in addition to the stimulation of antibodies, identifying protective antigens and inducing T cell responses are some additional required elements to induce effective protection. In this review, we perform a comparative evaluation of recent candidate vaccines used to combat these two infectious agents, emphasizing the common strategies that can help investigators advance effective and protective vaccines to clinical trials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grund ME, Kramarska E, Choi SJ, McNitt DH, Klimko CP, Rill NO, Dankmeyer JL, Shoe JL, Hunter M, Fetterer DP, Hedrick ZM, Velez I, Biryukov SS, Cote CK, Berisio R, Lukomski S. Predictive and Experimental Immunogenicity of Burkholderia Collagen-like Protein 8-Derived Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111219. [PMID: 34835150 PMCID: PMC8621890 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an infectious bacterium of clinical and biodefense concern, and is the causative agent of melioidosis. The mortality rate can reach up to 50% and affects 165,000 people per year; however, there is currently no vaccine available. In this study, we examine the antigen-specific immune response to a vaccine formulated with antigens derived from an outer membrane protein in B. pseudomallei, Bucl8. Here, we employed a number of bioinformatic tools to predict Bucl8-derived epitopes that are non-allergenic and non-toxic, but would elicit an immune response. From these data, we formulated a vaccine based on two extracellular components of Bucl8, the β-barrel loops and extended collagen and non-collagen domains. Outbred CD-1 mice were immunized with vaccine formulations—composed of recombinant proteins or conjugated synthetic peptides with adjuvant—to assess the antigen-specific immune responses in mouse sera and lymphoid organs. We found that mice vaccinated with either Bucl8-derived components generated a robust TH2-skewed antibody response when antigen was combined with the adjuvant AddaVax, while the TH1 response was limited. Mice immunized with synthetic loop peptides had a stronger, more consistent antibody response than recombinant protein antigens, based on higher IgG titers and recognition of bacteria. We then compared peptide-based vaccines in an established C57BL/6 inbred mouse model and observed a similar TH2-skewed response. The resulting formulations will be applied in future studies examining the protection of Bucl8-derived vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Grund
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.); (D.H.M.)
| | - Eliza Kramarska
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Soo Jeon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.); (D.H.M.)
| | - Dudley H. McNitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.); (D.H.M.)
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Nathaniel O. Rill
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Melissa Hunter
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Zander M. Hedrick
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Ivan Velez
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Sergei S. Biryukov
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.P.K.); (N.O.R.); (J.L.D.); (J.L.S.); (M.H.); (Z.M.H.); (I.V.); (S.S.B.); (C.K.C.)
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.); (D.H.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma C, McClean S. Mapping Global Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Recent Vaccine Development to Tackle It. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060570. [PMID: 34205838 PMCID: PMC8226933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections that severely threaten public health. The formidable adaptability and resistance of this opportunistic pathogen have hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies which consequently leads to very limited treatment options. We mapped the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is widespread throughout Asia and the Americas. Moreover, when antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. exceed a threshold level, the proportion of A. baumannii isolates from clinical samples surges. Therefore, vaccines represent a realistic alternative strategy to tackle this pathogen. Research into anti-A. baumannii vaccines have enhanced in the past decade and multiple antigens have been investigated preclinically with varying results. This review summarises the current knowledge of virulence factors relating to A. baumannii–host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of A. baumannii vaccine development and the direction of future efforts.
Collapse
|
14
|
Schijns V, Majhen D, van der Ley P, Thakur A, Summerfield A, Berisio R, Nativi C, Fernández-Tejada A, Alvarez-Dominguez C, Gizurarson S, Zamyatina A, Molinaro A, Rosano C, Jakopin Ž, Gursel I, McClean S. Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:501. [PMID: 33917629 PMCID: PMC8067490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Schijns
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science Park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
- Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Instiute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Peter van der Ley
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science Park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, I-80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Biscay Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio-Bilbao, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Facultativo en plantilla (Research Faculty), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova-1, Italy;
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubiljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ihsan Gursel
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science Faculty, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grund ME, Choi Soo J, Cote CK, Berisio R, Lukomski S. Thinking Outside the Bug: Targeting Outer Membrane Proteins for Burkholderia Vaccines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030495. [PMID: 33668922 PMCID: PMC7996558 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials, as well as a lack of new and innovative antibiotics in development has become an alarming global threat. Preventative therapeutics, like vaccines, are combative measures that aim to stop infections at the source, thereby decreasing the overall use of antibiotics. Infections due to Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant treatment challenge because of substantial multidrug resistance that is acquired and spread throughout the bacterial population. Burkholderia spp. are Gram-negative intrinsically resistant bacteria that are responsible for environmental and nosocomial infections. The Burkholderia cepacia complex are respiratory pathogens that primarily infect immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, and are acquired through contaminated products and equipment, or via patient-to-patient transmission. The Burkholderia pseudomallei complex causes percutaneous wound, cardiovascular, and respiratory infections. Transmission occurs through direct exposure to contaminated water, water-vapors, or soil, leading to the human disease melioidosis, or the equine disease glanders. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against any Burkholderia pathogen. This review will discuss Burkholderia vaccine candidates derived from outer membrane proteins, OmpA, OmpW, Omp85, and Bucl8, encompassing their structures, conservation, and vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Grund
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Jeon Choi Soo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-6405
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang G, Zarodkiewicz P, Valvano MA. Current Advances in Burkholderia Vaccines Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2671. [PMID: 33322641 PMCID: PMC7762980 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia includes a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species some of which are pathogenic to humans and other vertebrates. The most pathogenic species are Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, the cause of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, are considered potential bioweapons. The Bcc comprises a subset of Burkholderia species associated with respiratory infections in people with chronic granulomatous disease and cystic fibrosis. Antimicrobial treatment of Burkholderia infections is difficult due to the intrinsic multidrug antibiotic resistance of these bacteria; prophylactic vaccines provide an attractive alternative to counteract these infections. Although commercial vaccines against Burkholderia infections are still unavailable, substantial progress has been made over recent years in the development of vaccines against B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. This review critically discusses the current advances in vaccine development against B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and the Bcc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (G.W.); (P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vezina B, Petit GA, Martin JL, Halili MA. Prediction of Burkholderia pseudomallei DsbA substrates identifies potential virulence factors and vaccine targets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241306. [PMID: 33216758 PMCID: PMC7678975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of bacterial virulence factors is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis, drug discovery and vaccine development. In this study we used two approaches to predict virulence factors of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. B. pseudomallei is naturally antibiotic resistant and there are no clinically available melioidosis vaccines. To identify B. pseudomallei protein targets for drug discovery and vaccine development, we chose to search for substrates of the B. pseudomallei periplasmic disulfide bond forming protein A (DsbA). DsbA introduces disulfide bonds into extra-cytoplasmic proteins and is essential for virulence in many Gram-negative organism, including B. pseudomallei. The first approach to identify B. pseudomallei DsbA virulence factor substrates was a large-scale genomic analysis of 511 unique B. pseudomallei disease-associated strains. This yielded 4,496 core gene products, of which we hypothesise 263 are DsbA substrates. Manual curation and database screening of the 263 mature proteins yielded 81 associated with disease pathogenesis or virulence. These were screened for structural homologues to predict potential B-cell epitopes. In the second approach, we searched the B. pseudomallei genome for homologues of the more than 90 known DsbA substrates in other bacteria. Using this approach, we identified 15 putative B. pseudomallei DsbA virulence factor substrates, with two of these previously identified in the genomic approach, bringing the total number of putative DsbA virulence factor substrates to 94. The two putative B. pseudomallei virulence factors identified by both methods are homologues of PenI family β-lactamase and a molecular chaperone. These two proteins could serve as high priority targets for future B. pseudomallei virulence factor characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vezina
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillaume A. Petit
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Vice-Chancellor’s Unit, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria A. Halili
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scoffone VC, Barbieri G, Buroni S, Scarselli M, Pizza M, Rappuoli R, Riccardi G. Vaccines to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance: The Challenge of Burkholderia cenocepacia. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:315-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang L, Li Z, Li Y, Tian J, Jia K, Zhang D, Song M, Abbas Raza SH, Garcia M, Kang Y, Zheng W, Qian A, Shan X, Xu Y. OmpW expressed by recombinant Lactobacillus casei elicits protective immunity against Aeromonas veronii in common carp. Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103552. [PMID: 31121269 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of infecting both aquatic livestock and mammals. Natural infection in fishes results in irreparable damage to the aquaculture industry. In this study, we sought to investigate whether recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing the outer membrane protein W (OmpW) of A.veronii could elicit protective immunity against A.veronii infections. We generated two recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L.casei) strains expressing the OmpW of A.veronii (surface-displayed or secreted) and evaluated the effect on immune responses in a fish model. A 600-bp gene fragment was subcloned into the L.casei expression plasmids pPG-1 (surface-displayed) and pPG-2 (secreted). Expression of the recombinant OmpW protein was also confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Common carp immunized with Lc-pPG-1- OmpW and Lc-pPG-2- OmpW via oral administration elicited high serum specific antibody titers and high LZM, ACP, and SOD activities. High levels of the IL-10, IL-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α genes in different organs indicated that the inflammatory response and cell immune response were triggered. Additionally, when immunized fish were challenged with A.veronii, Lc-pPG1-OmpW and Lc-pPG2-OmpW demonstrated 40% and 50% protective efficacy. These data indicate that the combination of OmpW delivery and the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) approach may be a promising mucosal therapeutic strategy for treatment of A.veronii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Kaixiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mingfang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Matthew Garcia
- Utah State University, School of Animal Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Logan Utah USA, 84322, USA
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Jilin Province Fisheries Research Institute, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morici L, Torres AG, Titball RW. Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:178-188. [PMID: 30963550 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - R W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nithichanon A, Rinchai D, Buddhisa S, Saenmuang P, Kewcharoenwong C, Kessler B, Khaenam P, Chetchotisakd P, Maillere B, Robinson J, Reynolds CJ, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Lertmemongkolchai G. Immune Control of Burkholderia pseudomallei--Common, High-Frequency T-Cell Responses to a Broad Repertoire of Immunoprevalent Epitopes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:484. [PMID: 29616023 PMCID: PMC5869189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) is an environmental bacterial pathogen that causes potentially lethal sepsis in susceptible individuals and is considered a Category B, Tier-1 biothreat agent. As such, it is crucial to gain an improved understanding of protective immunity and potential vaccine candidates. The nature of immune correlates dictating why most exposed individuals in endemic regions undergo asymptomatic seroconversion while others succumb to life-threatening sepsis is largely uncharted. Bp seroreactive, immunogenic proteins have previously been identified by antigen microarray. We here set out to conduct an analysis of T-cell recognition of the Bp immunome using serodominant antigens represented in the original antigen microarray, examining immune correlates of disease in healthy seropositive individuals and those with acute disease or in convalescence. By screening a library of 739 overlapping peptides representing the sequences of 20 different Bp antigens, we aimed to define immune correlates of protection at the level of immunoprevalent T-cell epitopes. Responses to a large number of epitopes were common in healthy seropositive individuals: we found remarkably broad responsiveness to Bp epitopes, with 235 of 739 peptides recognized by ≥80% of all tested donors. The cumulative response to Bp epitopes in healthy, seropositive, donors from this endemic region were of the order of thousands of spot forming cells per million cells, making Bp recognition a significant component of the T-cell repertoire. Noteworthy among our findings, analysis revealed 10 highly immunoprevalent T-cell epitopes, able to induce Bp-specific IFNγ responses that were high in responding T-cell frequency within the repertoire, and also common across individuals with different human leukocyte antigen types. Acute melioidosis patients showed poor T-cell responses to the immunoprevalent epitopes, but acquired responsiveness following recovery from infection. Our findings suggest that a large repertoire of CD4 T cells, high in frequency and with broad coverage of antigens and epitopes, is important in controlling Bp infection. This offers an attractive potential strategy for subunit or epitope-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surachat Buddhisa
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Saenmuang
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bianca Kessler
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Bernard Maillere
- Protein Engineering and Research Department, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Squeglia F, Ruggiero A, Berisio R. Chemistry of Peptidoglycan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Life Cycle: An off-the-wall Balance of Synthesis and Degradation. Chemistry 2017; 24:2533-2546. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Squeglia
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16. 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Alessia Ruggiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16. 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging; CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16. 80134 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Use of Reverse Vaccinology in the Design and Construction of Nanoglycoconjugate Vaccines against Burkholderia pseudomallei. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00206-17. [PMID: 28903988 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00206-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease melioidosis in humans and other mammals. Respiratory infection with B. pseudomallei leads to a fulminant and often fatal disease. It has previously been shown that glycoconjugate vaccines can provide significant protection against lethal challenge; however, the limited number of known Burkholderia antigens has slowed progress toward vaccine development. The objective of this study was to identify novel antigens and evaluate their protective capacity when incorporated into a nanoglycoconjugate vaccine platform. First, an in silico approach to identify antigens with strong predicted immunogenicity was developed. Protein candidates were screened and ranked according to predicted subcellular localization, transmembrane domains, adhesive properties, and ability to interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II. From these in silico predictions, we identified seven "high priority" proteins that demonstrated seroreactivity with anti-B. pseudomallei murine sera and convalescent human melioidosis sera, providing validation of our methods. Two novel proteins, together with Hcp1, were linked to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incorporated with the surface of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Animals receiving AuNP glycoconjugate vaccines generated high protein- and polysaccharide-specific antibody titers. Importantly, immunized animals receiving the AuNP-FlgL-LPS alone or as a combination demonstrated up to 100% survival and reduced lung colonization following a lethal challenge with B. pseudomallei Together, this study provides a rational approach to vaccine design that can be adapted for other complex pathogens and provides a rationale for further preclinical testing of AuNP glycoconjugate in animal models of infection.
Collapse
|
24
|
Titball RW, Burtnick MN, Bancroft GJ, Brett P. Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei vaccines: Are we close to clinical trials? Vaccine 2017; 35:5981-5989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Pastor Y, Camacho A, Gil AG, Ramos R, Ceráin ALD, Peñuelas I, Irache JM, Gamazo C. Effective protection of mice against Shigella flexneri with a new self-adjuvant multicomponent vaccine. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:946-958. [PMID: 28721849 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop an immunogenic protective product against Shigella flexneri by employing a simple and safe heat treatment-based strategy. METHODOLOGY The physicochemical characteristics of naturally produced (OMV) and heat-induced (HT) outer-membrane vesicles from S. flexneri were examined, including a comparison of the protein content of the products. Toxicological and biodistribution studies, and a preliminary experiment to examine the protective effectiveness of HT in a murine model of S. flexneri infection, were also included. RESULTS This method simultaneously achieves complete bacterial inactivation and the production of the HT vaccine product, leading to a safe working process. The obtained HT complex presented a similar morphology (electron microscopy) and chemical composition to the classical OMV, although it was enriched in some immunogens, such as lipoproteins, OmpA or OmpC, among others. The HT formulation was not toxic and biodistribution studies performed in mice demonstrated that the vaccine product remained in the small intestine after nasal administration. Finally, a single dose of HT administered nasally was able to protect mice against S. flexneri 2a. CONCLUSION The convenient and safe manufacturing process, and the preliminary biological evaluation, support the use of the self-adjuvanted HT complex as a new vaccine candidate to face shigellosis. Further development is required, such as additional immune analyses, to evaluate whether this new subunit vaccine can be useful in achieving full protection against Shigella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Pastor
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Gloria Gil
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Ramos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Ceráin
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Purpose of review Burkholderia pseudomallei's and Burkholderia mallei's high rate of infectivity, limited treatment options, and potential use as biological warfare agents underscore the need for development of effective vaccines against these bacteria. Research efforts focused on vaccines against these bacteria are in pre-clinical stages, with no approved formulations currently on the market. Recent findings Several live attenuated and subunit vaccine formulations have been evaluated in animal studies, with no reports of significant long term survival after lethal challenge. Summary This review encompasses the most current vaccine strategies to prevent B. pseudomallei and B. mallei infections while providing insight for successful vaccines moving forward.
Collapse
|
27
|
McClean S. Prospects for subunit vaccines: Technology advances resulting in efficacious antigens requires matching advances in early clinical trial investment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:3103-3106. [PMID: 27494532 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1216287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continued march of antimicrobial resistance, a renewed impetus for better vaccines has been heralded. Identification of potent subunit vaccines has been greatly facilitated by recent developments in reverse vaccinology and proteomics strategies. There are a range of antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens that could be targeted by potent vaccine antigens identified within the coming years. However, cost is a significant hurdle in progressing lead antigen candidates to clinical trials. In order for novel vaccine technologies to realize their clinical potential, there is a requirement to improve investment and incentives to expedite the development of vaccines that are apparently efficacious in preclinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán McClean
- a Centre of Microbial Host Interactions , Institute of Technology Tallaght , Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|