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Immunogenicity of Catch-Up Immunization with Conventional Inactivated Polio Vaccine among Japanese Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122160. [PMID: 36560570 PMCID: PMC9785821 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Japanese adults are vaccinated twice with the Sabin trivalent oral polio vaccine. Booster vaccination is recommended for Japanese travelers to polio-endemic/high-risk countries. We assessed the catch-up immunization of healthy Japanese adults aged ≥20 years with two doses of standalone conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV). Immunogenicity was evaluated by serum neutralization titers (pre-booster vaccination, 4-6 weeks after each vaccination) against type 1, 2, and 3 poliovirus strains. The participants were 61 healthy Japanese adults (26 men/35 women; mean age ± standard deviation age 35.8 ± 8.0 years). Seropositivity rates (percentage of participants with anti-poliovirus antibody titers ≥1:8) pre-vaccination were 88.5%, 95.1%, and 52.5% for Sabin strains (type 1, 2, and 3); 72.1%, 93.4%, and 31.1% for virulent poliovirus strains (type 1: Mahoney; type 2: MEF-1; and type 3: Saukett); and 93.4%, 93.4%, 93.4%, and 88.5% for type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus strains (SV3128, SV3130, 11,196, and 11,198). After one cIPV dose, all seropositivity rates increased to 98.4-100.0%. After two cIPV doses, the seropositivity rates reached 100% for all strains. cIPV was well tolerated, with no safety concerns. Catch-up immunization with standalone cIPV induced robust immune responses in Japanese adults, indicating that one booster dose boosted serum-neutralizing antibodies to many strains.
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Funaki T, Fukuda A, Sakamoto S, Kasahara M, Saitoh A, Miyairi I. Serostatus following polio-containing vaccination before and after liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13766. [PMID: 32558028 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strategy to eradicate polio is based on preventing infection by immunizing all children until the world is polio-free. However, data regarding efficacy of polio-containing vaccination in immunocompromised patients such as LT recipients are limited. METHODS We conducted an observational study at the largest pediatric transplant center in Japan from January 2011 to January 2015. LT recipients were enrolled after transplantation, and those who had completed the Japanese polio vaccination program were eligible for the study. Patients' demographics were collected from their medical records. Antibody titers against poliovirus serotypes 1-3 were measured using the neutralization test at the routine follow-up visits after enrollment. Factors associated with seropositivity against each type of poliovirus were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-four patients who had received the complete polio vaccination series were enrolled in the study. Of these, 37 patients had received all series of polio-containing vaccination before LT. Median age of the patients was 75 months. Their underlying diseases included the following: 40 (63%) with cholestatic liver diseases and 11 (17%) with metabolic disorders. After a median interval of 43 months after LT, seropositivity rates against poliovirus 1, 2, and 3 were 93.8% (60/64), 92.2% (59/64), and 54.7% (35/64), respectively. Among 32 patients who had received only oral polio vaccine (OPV), seropositivity against poliovirus 3 was particularly low (25.0%). No factors associated with seropositivity against each type of poliovirus were identified. CONCLUSIONS In the LT recipients, seropositivity for poliovirus 3 was low, suggesting a need for additional inactivated polio-containing vaccination after LT, especially for patients who had received only OPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Funaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- Transplant Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sakamoto
- Transplant Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Transplant Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isao Miyairi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA. Review of poliovirus modeling performed from 2000 to 2019 to support global polio eradication. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:661-686. [PMID: 32741232 PMCID: PMC7497282 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1791093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 20 years (2000-2019) the partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) invested in the development and application of mathematical models of poliovirus transmission as well as economics, policy, and risk analyses of polio endgame risk management options, including policies related to poliovirus vaccine use during the polio endgame. AREAS COVERED This review provides a historical record of the polio studies published by the three modeling groups that primarily performed the bulk of this work. This review also systematically evaluates the polio transmission and health economic modeling papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019, highlights differences in approaches and methods, shows the geographic coverage of the transmission modeling performed, identified common themes, and discusses instances of similar or conflicting insights or recommendations. EXPERT OPINION Polio modeling performed during the last 20 years substantially impacted polio vaccine choices, immunization policies, and the polio eradication pathway. As the polio endgame continues, national preferences for polio vaccine formulations and immunization strategies will likely continue to change. Future modeling will likely provide important insights about their cost-effectiveness and their relative benefits with respect to controlling polio and potentially achieving and maintaining eradication.
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Babji S, Manickavasagam P, Chen YH, Jeyavelu N, Jose NV, Praharaj I, Syed C, Kaliappan SP, John J, Giri S, Venugopal S, Kampmann B, Parker EPK, Iturriza-Gómara M, Kang G, Grassly NC, Uhlig HH. Immune predictors of oral poliovirus vaccine immunogenicity among infants in South India. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:27. [PMID: 32218999 PMCID: PMC7089977 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the causes of poor oral vaccine immunogenicity in low-income countries might lead to more effective vaccines. We measured mucosal and systemic immune parameters at the time of vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 292 Indian infants aged 6–11 months, including plasma cytokines, leukocyte counts, fecal biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and peripheral blood T-cell phenotype, focused on gut-homing regulatory CD4+ populations. We did not find a distinct immune phenotype associated with OPV immunogenicity, although viral pathogens were more prevalent in stool at the time of immunization among infants who failed to seroconvert (63.9% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.002). Using a machine-learning approach, we could predict seroconversion a priori using immune parameters and infection status with a median 58% accuracy (cross-validation IQR: 50–69%) compared with 50% expected by chance. Better identification of immune predictors of OPV immunogenicity is likely to require sampling of mucosal tissue and improved oral poliovirus infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Babji
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | | | - Yin-Huai Chen
- 2Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Nithya Jeyavelu
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Nisha Vincy Jose
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Chanduni Syed
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | | | - Jacob John
- 3Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Srinivasan Venugopal
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Beate Kampmann
- 4The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Edward P K Parker
- 4The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- 5Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE UK
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- 1Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India
| | - Nicholas C Grassly
- 6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- 2Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
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Giri S, Kumar N, Dhanapal P, Venkatesan J, Kasirajan A, Iturriza-Gomara M, John J, Abraham AM, Grassly NC, Kang G. Quantity of Vaccine Poliovirus Shed Determines the Titer of the Serum Neutralizing Antibody Response in Indian Children Who Received Oral Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1395-1398. [PMID: 29300947 PMCID: PMC5894085 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the intestine (ie, vaccine take) is associated with seroconversion and protection against poliomyelitis. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to measure vaccine shedding in 300 seronegative infants aged 6–11 months and in 218 children aged 1–4 years 7 days after administration of monovalent or bivalent OPV. We found that the quantity of shedding correlated with the magnitude of the serum neutralizing antibody response measured 21 or 28 days after vaccination. This suggests that the immune response to OPV is on a continuum, rather than an all-or-nothing phenomenon, that depends on efficient vaccine virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Giri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Pavithra Dhanapal
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Anand Kasirajan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Jacob John
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Asha Mary Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nicholas C Grassly
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Satoh H, Tanaka-Taya K, Shimizu H, Goto A, Tanaka S, Nakano T, Hotta C, Okazaki T, Itamochi M, Ito M, Okamoto-Nakagawa R, Yamashita Y, Arai S, Okuno H, Morino S, Oishi K. Polio vaccination coverage and seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies after the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines for routine immunization in Japan. Vaccine 2019; 37:1964-1971. [PMID: 30827736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was changed to 2 types of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), the standalone conventional IPV (cIPV) and the Sabin-derived IPV combined with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP-sIPV), for routine immunization in 2012. We evaluated polio vaccination coverage and the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies using data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (NESVPD) from 2011 to 2015. Several years before the introduction of IPV in 2012, OPV administration for children was refused by some parents because of concerns about the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Consequently, in children aged <1 years who were surveyed in 2011-2012, polio vaccination coverage (45.0-48.8%) and seropositivity rates for poliovirus (type 1: 51.7-65.9%, type 2: 48.3-53.7%, and type 3: 15.0-29.3%) were decreased compared to those surveyed in 2009. However, after IPV introduction, the vaccination coverage (95.5-100%) and seropositivity rates (type 1: 93.2-96.6%, type 2: 93.1-100%, and type 3: 88.6-93.9%) increased among children aged <1 years in 2013-2015. In particular, seropositivity rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) for poliovirus type 3 in <5-year-old children who received 4 doses of IPV (98.5% and 247.4, respectively) were significantly higher than in those who received 2 doses of OPV (72.5% and 22.9, respectively). Furthermore, in <5-year-old children who received 4 doses of either DTaP-sIPV or cIPV, the seropositivity rates and the GMTs for all 3 types of poliovirus were similarly high (96.5-100% and 170.3-368.8, respectively). Our findings from the NESVPD demonstrate that both the vaccination coverage and seropositivity rates for polio remained high in children after IPV introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Satoh
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akiko Goto
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North-19, West-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Shizuka Tanaka
- Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-6-6 Tokamachi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakano
- Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 378 Kamiokimachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Chiemi Hotta
- Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8715, Japan
| | - Terue Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Miyabi Ito
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 7-6 Nagare, Tsujicho, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 462-8576, Japan
| | - Reiko Okamoto-Nakagawa
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamashita
- Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 8-234 Sanbancho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0003, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hideo Okuno
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saeko Morino
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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