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Ganguly N, Das T, Bhuniya A, Guha I, Chakravarti M, Dhar S, Sarkar A, Bera S, Dhar J, Dasgupta S, Saha A, Ghosh T, Das J, Sk UH, Banerjee S, Laskar S, Bose A, Baral R. Neem leaf glycoprotein binding to Dectin-1 receptors on dendritic cell induces type-1 immunity through CARD9 mediated intracellular signal to NFκB. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:237. [PMID: 38649988 PMCID: PMC11036628 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A water-soluble ingredient of mature leaves of the tropical mahogany 'Neem' (Azadirachta indica), was identified as glycoprotein, thus being named as 'Neem Leaf Glycoprotein' (NLGP). This non-toxic leaf-component regressed cancerous murine tumors (melanoma, carcinoma, sarcoma) recurrently in different experimental circumstances by boosting prime antitumor immune attributes. Such antitumor immunomodulation, aid cytotoxic T cell (Tc)-based annihilation of tumor cells. This study focused on identifying and characterizing the signaling gateway that initiate this systemic immunomodulation. In search of this gateway, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were explored, which activate and induce the cytotoxic thrust in Tc cells. METHODS Six glycoprotein-binding C-type lectins found on APCs, namely, MBR, Dectin-1, Dectin-2, DC-SIGN, DEC205 and DNGR-1 were screened on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from C57BL/6 J mice. Fluorescence microscopy, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA revealed Dectin-1 as the NLGP-binding receptor, followed by verifications through RNAi. Following detection of β-Glucans in NLGP, their interactions with Dectin-1 were explored in silico. Roles of second messengers and transcription factors in the downstream signal were studied by co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation. Intracellularization of FITC-coupled NLGP was observed by processing confocal micrographs of DCs. RESULTS Considering extents of hindrance in NLGP-driven transcription rates of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12p35 by receptor-neutralization, Dectin-1 receptors on dendritic cells were found to bind NLGP through the ligand's peripheral β-Glucan chains. The resulting signal phosphorylates PKCδ, forming a trimolecular complex of CARD9, Bcl10 and MALT1, which in turn activates the canonical NFκB-pathway of transcription-regulation. Consequently, the NFκB-heterodimer p65:p50 enhances Il12a transcription and the p50:p50 homodimer represses Il10 transcription, bringing about a cytokine-based systemic-bias towards type-1 immune environment. Further, NLGP gets engulfed within dendritic cells, possibly through endocytic activities of Dectin-1. CONCLUSION NLGP's binding to Dectin-1 receptors on murine dendritic cells, followed by the intracellular signal, lead to NFκB-mediated contrasting regulation of cytokine-transcriptions, initiating a pro-inflammatory immunopolarization, which amplifies further by the responding immune cells including Tc cells, alongside their enhanced cytotoxicity. These insights into the initiation of mammalian systemic immunomodulation by NLGP at cellular and molecular levels, may help uncovering its mode of action as a novel immunomodulator against human cancers, following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ganguly
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tapasi Das
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Ipsita Guha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Mohona Chakravarti
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Sukanya Dhar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Saurav Bera
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Jesmita Dhar
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, 96, Digital Park Rd, Yesvantpur Industrial Suburb, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560022, India
| | - Shayani Dasgupta
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Juhina Das
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Ugir Hossain Sk
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Saptak Banerjee
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Subrata Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology-Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),-S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
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Bose A, Baral R. COVID-19 imparted immune manifestation can be combated by NLGP: Lessons from cancer research. Cytokine 2022; 158:155980. [PMID: 35921791 PMCID: PMC9339246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 easily infects human monocytes, macrophages and possibly dendritic cells (DCs), causing dysfunctions of these important antigen presenting cells (APCs). Observed DC dysfunctions facilitate improper antigen presentation, which obviously results T cell anergy, exhaustion and apoptosis, thus, may be contributing significantly in SARS-CoV-2 infection associated lymphopenia. Neem Leaf Glycoprotein or NLGP has enormous role in altered DC functions, thereby, offering optimum T cell mediated cytotoxicity, as experienced from cancer system. Such NLGP guided correction of altered DCs might also be effective to generate proper SARS-CoV-2-specific effector and central memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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Guha I, Bhuniya A, Nandi P, Dasgupta S, Sarkar A, Saha A, Das J, Ganguly N, Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Sarkar M, Ghosh S, Majumdar S, Baral R, Bose A. Neem leaf glycoprotein reverses tumor-induced and age-associated thymic involution to maintain peripheral CD8 + T cell pool. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:799-818. [PMID: 32698648 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As tumor causes atrophy in the thymus to target effector-T cells, this study is aimed to decipher the efficacy of neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP) in tumor- and age-associated thymic atrophy. Materials & methods: Different thymus parameters were studied using flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase PCR and immunocyto-/histochemistry in murine melanoma and sarcoma models. Results: Longitudinal NLGP therapy in tumor hosts show tumor-reduction along with significant normalization of thymic alterations. NLGP downregulates intrathymic IL-10, which eventually promotes Notch1 to rescue blockade in CD25+CD44+c-Kit+DN2 to CD25+CD44-c-Kit-DN3 transition in T cell maturation and suppress Ikaros/IRF8/Pu.1 to prevent DN2-T to DC differentiation in tumor hosts. The CD5intTCRαβhigh DP3 population was also increased to endorse CD8+ T cell generation. Conclusion: NLGP rescues tumor-induced altered thymic events to generate more effector T cells to restrain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Guha
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Partha Nandi
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Shayani Dasgupta
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Juhina Das
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Nilanjan Ganguly
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation & Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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