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Yu D, Jin R, Liu J, Zhang C, Duan C, Luo X, Yang W, Liu C, Liang J, Li X, Luo T. Rabies Virus Infection Causes Pyroptosis of Neuronal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5616. [PMID: 38891803 PMCID: PMC11172210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal neurological disease, raising serious public health issues and attracting extensive attention in society. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of RABV-induced neuronal damage, we used hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics analysis, and immune response factor testing to investigate RABV-infected neurons. We successfully isolated the neurons from murine brains. The specificity of the isolated neurons was identified by a monoclonal antibody, and the viability of the neurons was 83.53-95.0%. We confirmed that RABV infection induced serious damage to the neurons according to histochemistry and transmission electron microscope (TEM) scanning. In addition, the transcriptomics analysis suggested that multiple genes related to the pyroptosis pathway were significantly upregulated, including gasdermin D (Gsdmd), Nlrp3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, as well as the chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl12, and Cxcl10. We next verified this finding in the brains of mice infected with the rRC-HL, GX074, and challenge virus standard strain-24 (CVS-24) strains of RABV. Importantly, we found that the expression level of the Gsdmd protein was significantly upregulated in the neurons infected with different RABV strains and ranged from 691.1 to 5764.96 pg/mL, while the basal level of mock-infected neurons was less than 100 pg/mL. Taken together, our findings suggest that Gsdmd-induced pyroptosis is involved in the neuron damage caused by RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.Y.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (C.Z.); (C.D.); (X.L.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.Y.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (C.Z.); (C.D.); (X.L.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (J.L.)
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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Luo B. The role of pyroptosis in viral infection. Arch Virol 2024; 169:69. [PMID: 38456965 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death, which is an important natural immune response. Pyroptosis plays a major role in combating pathogenic infections. The mechanism of pyroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death and is characterized by its dependence on inflammatory caspases (mainly caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11). Activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles is involved in caspase-1 activation and cleavage, which in turn triggers cleavage and multimerization of multiple gasdermin family members, including gasdermin-D (GSDMD). This further leads to cell perforation and cellular distension, causing cell membrane rupture, resulting in a massive efflux of cell contents, which triggers inflammatory reactions. In recent years, detailed study of viral diseases, has demonstrated that pyroptosis is closely associated with the development of viral diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of pyroptosis and the connection between pyroptosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Yang S, Fan Z, Lu X, Liu H, Zhou Z, Qi H, Zeng J, Zheng M, Zou X, Fang S, Zhang G. Response of Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells to Influenza A (H1N1) Infection and the Underlying Molecular Mechanism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38252524 PMCID: PMC10810132 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Whether H1N1 infection-associated ocular manifestations result from direct viral infections or systemic complications remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the underlying causes and mechanism. Method TCID50 assays was performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours to verify the infection of H1N1 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). The changes in gene expression profiles of HRMECs at 24, 48, and 72 hours were characterized using RNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. CCK-8 assay and scratch assay were performed to evaluate whether there was a potential improvement of proliferation and migration in H1N1-infected cells after oseltamivir intervention. Results H1N1 can infect and replicate within HRMECs, leading to cell rounding and detachment. After H1N1 infection of HRMECs, 2562 DEGs were identified, including 1748 upregulated ones and 814 downregulated ones. These DEGs primarily involved in processes such as inflammation and immune response, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, signal transduction regulation, and cell adhesion. The elevated expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5, TLR3, C3, IFNB1, IFNG, STAT1, HLA, and TNFSF10 after H1N1 infection were reduced by oseltamivir intervention, reaching levels comparable to those in the uninfected group. The impaired cell proliferation and migration after H1N1 infection was improved by oseltamivir intervention. Conclusions This study confirmed that H1N1 can infect HRMECs, leading to the upregulation of chemokines, which may cause inflammation and destruction of the blood-retina barrier. Moreover, early oseltamivir administration may reduce retinal inflammation and hemorrhage in patients infected with H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixin Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Zhou
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mianying Zheng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shisong Fang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Liu T, Shao Q, Wang W, Ma Y, Liu T, Jin X, Fang J, Huang G, Chen Z. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to decipher the mechanism of the Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 in protecting against HSV-2 infection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:451-466. [PMID: 35180012 PMCID: PMC8865133 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2038209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 (JZ-1) is effective against HSV-2 (Herpes simplex virus type 2) infection. However, its mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of JZ-1 in protecting against HSV-2 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the methods of network pharmacology, the hub components and targets were screened and functionally enriched. We established a genital herpes (GH) mouse model and observe the disease characteristics. Then, the GH mice in different groups (10 per/group) were treated with 20 μL JZ-1 gel (2.5, 1.5, and 0.5 g/mL), acyclovir gel (0.03 g/mL), or plain carbomer gel twice a day. The symptom score, vulvar histomorphology, and virus load were measured. The critical proteins of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis were analysed by microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and ELISA. Molecular docking was also performed. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis identified 388 JZ-1 targets related to HSV-2 infection, with 36 hub targets and 21 hub components screened. The TCID50 of HSV-2 was 1 × 10-7/0.1 mL. JZ-1 gel (2.5 g/mL) can effectively reduce the symptom score (81.23%), viral load (98.42%) and histopathological changes, and significantly inhibit the proteins expression of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in GH mice (p< 0.05). The molecular docking test showed a good binding potency between 11 components and caspase-1 or interleukin (IL)-1β. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that JZ-1 protected mice from HSV-2 infection and inhibit the caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in GH mice. It is of significance for the second development of JZ-1 and the exploration of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianli Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Jin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Embregts CWE, Farag EABA, Bansal D, Boter M, van der Linden A, Vaes VP, van Middelkoop-van den Berg I, IJpelaar J, Ziglam H, Coyle PV, Ibrahim I, Mohran KA, Alrajhi MMS, Islam MM, Abdeen R, Al-Zeyara AA, Younis NM, Al-Romaihi HE, AlThani MHJ, Sikkema RS, Koopmans MPG, Oude Munnink BB, GeurtsvanKessel CH. Rabies Virus Populations in Humans and Mice Show Minor Inter-Host Variability within Various Central Nervous System Regions and Peripheral Tissues. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122661. [PMID: 36560665 PMCID: PMC9781572 DOI: 10.3390/v14122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) has a broad host range and infects multiple cell types throughout the infection cycle. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and minor variant analysis are powerful tools for studying virus populations within specific hosts and tissues, leading to novel insights into the mechanisms of host-switching and key factors for infecting specific cell types. In this study we investigated RABV populations and minor variants in both original (non-passaged) samples and in vitro-passaged isolates of various CNS regions (hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord) of a fatal human rabies case, and of multiple CNS and non-CNS tissues of experimentally infected mice. No differences in virus populations were detected between the human CNS regions, and only one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in the fifth in vitro passage of virus isolated from the spinal cord. However, the appearance of this SNP shows the importance of sequencing newly passaged virus stocks before further use. Similarly, we did not detect apparent differences in virus populations isolated from different CNS and non-CNS tissues of experimentally infected mice. Sequencing of viruses obtained from pharyngeal swab and salivary gland proved difficult, and we propose methods for improving sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W. E. Embregts
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Marjan Boter
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van der Linden
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent P. Vaes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen. IJpelaar
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hisham Ziglam
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | | | - Imad Ibrahim
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Khaled A. Mohran
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar
- Biotechnology Departments ERC, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki 12611, Egypt
| | | | - Md. Mazharul Islam
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar
| | - Randa Abdeen
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar
| | - Abdul Aziz Al-Zeyara
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar
| | - Nidal Mahmoud Younis
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar
| | | | | | - Reina S. Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P. G. Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B. Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wallace HL, Russell RS. Promiscuous Inflammasomes: The False Dichotomy of RNA/DNA Virus-Induced Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis. Viruses 2022; 14:2113. [PMID: 36298668 PMCID: PMC9609106 DOI: 10.3390/v14102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that viruses activate various inflammasomes, which can initiate the programmed cell death pathway known as pyroptosis, subsequently leading to cell lysis and release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. This pathway can be triggered by various sensors, including, but not limited to, NLRP3, AIM2, IFI16, RIG-I, and NLRC4. Many viruses are known either to activate or inhibit inflammasomes as a part of the innate immune response or as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Early research in the field of virus-induced pyroptosis suggested a dichotomy, with RNA viruses activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and DNA viruses activating the AIM2 inflammasome. More recent research has shown that this dichotomy may not be as distinct as once thought. It seems many viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors. Here, we detail which viruses fit the dichotomy as well as many that appear to defy this clearly false dichotomy. It seems likely that most, if not all, viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors, and future research should focus on expanding our understanding of inflammasome activation in a variety of tissue types as well as virus activation of multiple inflammasomes, challenging biases that stemmed from early literature in this field. Here, we review primarily research performed on human viruses but also include details regarding animal viruses whenever possible.
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Transcriptomic Studies Suggest a Coincident Role for Apoptosis and Pyroptosis but Not for Autophagic Neuronal Death in TBEV-Infected Human Neuronal/Glial Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112255. [PMID: 34835061 PMCID: PMC8620470 DOI: 10.3390/v13112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death. With an incidence on the rise, it is the major arbovirus affecting humans in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. Neuronal death is a critical feature of TBEV infection, yet little is known about the type of death and the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we used a recently established pathological model of TBEV infection based on human neuronal/glial cells differentiated from fetal neural progenitors and transcriptomic approaches to tackle this question. We confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic death in these cultures and further showed that genes involved in pyroptotic death were up-regulated, suggesting that this type of death also occurs in TBEV-infected human brain cells. On the contrary, no up-regulation of major autophagic genes was found. Furthermore, we demonstrated an up-regulation of a cluster of genes belonging to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and revealed the cellular types expressing them. Our results suggest that neuronal death occurs by multiple mechanisms in TBEV-infected human neuronal/glial cells, thus providing a first insight into the molecular pathways that may be involved in neuronal death when the human brain is infected by TBEV.
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Li J, Chen L, Zhou C, Bai Y, Zhao R, Zhang J, Xu X, Ge X, Qiu Y. Insight to Pyroptosis in Viral Infectious Diseases. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.135043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yamada K, Noguchi K, Kimitsuki K, Kaimori R, Saito N, Komeno T, Nakajima N, Furuta Y, Nishizono A. Reevaluation of the efficacy of favipiravir against rabies virus using in vivo imaging analysis. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104641. [PMID: 31672666 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a highly neurotropic virus and the causative agent of rabies, an encephalitis with an almost 100% case-fatality rate that remains incurable after the onset of symptoms. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad-spectrum antiviral drug against RNA viruses, has been shown to be effective against RABV in vitro but ineffective in vivo. We hypothesized that favipiravir is effective in infected mice when RABV replicates in the peripheral tissues/nerves but not after virus neuroinvasion. We attempted to clarify this point in this study using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. We generated a recombinant RABV from the field isolate 1088, which expressed red firefly luciferase (1088/RFLuc). This allowed semiquantitative detection and monitoring of primary replication at the inoculation site and viral spread in the central nervous system (CNS) in the same mice. Bioluminescence imaging revealed that favipiravir (300 mg/kg/day) treatment commencing 1 h after intramuscular inoculation of RABV efficiently suppressed viral replication at the inoculation site and the subsequent replication in the CNS. However, virus replication in the CNS was not inhibited when the treatment began 2 days after inoculation. We also found that higher doses (600 or 900 mg/kg/day) of favipiravir could suppress viral replication in the CNS even when administration started 2 days after inoculation. These results support our hypothesis and suggest that a highly effective drug-delivery system into the CNS and/or the enhancement of favipiravir conversion to its active form are required to improve favipiravir treatment of rabies. Furthermore, the bioluminescence imaging system established in this study will facilitate the development of treatment for symptomatic rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamada
- Research Promotion Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kazuko Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan; Department of Food Science and Technology, Minami Kyushu University, 5-1-2 Kirishima, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 880-0031, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaimori
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takashi Komeno
- FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co.,Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-8508, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakajima
- FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co.,Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-8508, Japan
| | - Yousuke Furuta
- FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co.,Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-8508, Japan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Research Promotion Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
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Martina BEE, Smreczak M, Orlowska A, Marzec A, Trebas P, Roose JM, Zmudzinski J, Gerhauser I, Wohlsein P, Baumgärtner W, Osterhaus ADME, Koraka P. Combination drug treatment prolongs survival of experimentally infected mice with silver-haired bat rabies virus. Vaccine 2019; 37:4736-4742. [PMID: 29843998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is a lethal disease in humans and animals, killing approximately 60,000 people every year. Currently, there is no treatment available, except post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) that can be administered whenever exposure to a rabid animal took place. Here we describe the beneficial effects of a combination treatment initiated at day 4 post infection, containing anti-viral drugs and immune modulators in infected mice. Combination therapy resulted in significant increase in survival time (P < 0.05) and significantly lowers viral RNA in the brain and spinal cord (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment influenced markers of pyroptosis and apoptosis and early inflammatory response as measured by the levels of TNF-α. Morphological lesions were absent in rabies virus infected mice with few signs of inflammation. However, these were not significant between the different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron E E Martina
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin Smreczak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Orlowska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Pawel Trebas
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Jouke M Roose
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Zmudzinski
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Smreczak M, Orłowska A, Marzec A, Trębas P, Kycko A, Reichert M, Koraka P, Osterhaus AD, Żmudziński JF. The effect of combined drugs therapy on the course of clinical rabies infection in a murine model. Vaccine 2019; 37:4701-4709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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