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Kou J, Xiang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Dai K, Yang P, Zhuang W, Ying H, Wu J. Mass transfer process and separation mechanism of sulfuric acid and aluminum sulfate mixture based on IEC technology: Modeling. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Blackstock DJ, Goh A, Shetty S, Fabozzi G, Yang R, Ivleva VB, Schwartz R, Horwitz J. Comprehensive Flow Cytometry Analysis of PEI-Based Transfections for Virus-Like Particle Production. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:1387402. [PMID: 32259105 PMCID: PMC7094759 DOI: 10.34133/2020/1387402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The generation of stable clones for biomolecule production is a common but lengthy and labor-intensive process. For complex molecules, such as viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs), the timeline becomes even more cumbersome. Thus, in the early stages of development, transient production methods serve as a reasonable alternative to stable clone construction. In this work, an investigation of a polyethylenimine- (PEI-) based transfection method for the transient production of Chikungunya (Chik) VLPs, a vaccine candidate molecule, was undertaken. This effort focuses on tracking cell population responses during transfection, understanding how process changes affect these responses, and monitoring patterns in cell performance over the culture duration. Plasmid labeling and VLP staining were employed to comprehensively track cells via flow cytometry and to draw correlations between plasmid DNA (pDNA) uptake and the resulting VLP expression. The method detected high transfection efficiency (≥97%) in all samples tested and demonstrated the capability to track kinetics of plasmid-cell binding. With varied transfection cell concentrations, the pDNA binding kinetics are altered and saturation binding is observed in the lowest cell concentration sample tested in less than 3 hours of incubation. Interestingly, in all samples, the flow cytometry analysis of relative pDNA amount versus VLP expression staining showed that cells which contained fewer pDNA complexes resulted in the highest levels of VLP stain. Finally, to determine the potential breadth of our observations, we compared daily expression patterns of ChikVLP with a reporter, monomeric GFP molecule. The similarities detected suggest the interpretations presented here to likely be more broadly informative and applicable to PEI-based transient production of additional biological products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackstock
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alvenne Goh
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shamitha Shetty
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Richard Schwartz
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Horwitz
- Vaccine Production Program Lab, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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