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Yao Z, Liang Z, Li M, Wang H, Ma Y, Guo Y, Chen C, Xue C, Sun B. Aluminum oxyhydroxide-Poly(I:C) combination adjuvant with balanced immunostimulatory potentials for prophylactic vaccines. J Control Release 2024; 372:482-493. [PMID: 38914205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-purity antigens promotes the urgent need of novel adjuvant with the capability to trigger high levels of immune response. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that can engage Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to initiate immune responses. However, the Poly(I:C)-induced toxicity and inefficient delivery prevent its applications. In our study, combination adjuvants are formulated by aluminum oxyhydroxide nanorods (AlOOH NRs) and Poly(I:C), named Al-Poly(I:C), and the covalent interaction between the two components is further demonstrated. Al-Poly(I:C) mediates enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses in three antigen models, i.e., HBsAg virus-like particles (VLPs), human papilloma virus (HPV) VLPs and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE). Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that the dose and molecular weight (MW) of Poly(I:C) determine the physicochemical properties and adjuvanticity of the Al-Poly(I:C) combination adjuvants. Al-Poly(I:C) with higher Poly(I:C) dose promotes antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) recruitment and B cells proliferation in lymph nodes. Al-Poly(I:C) formulated with higher MW Poly(I:C) induces higher activation of helper T cells, B cells, and CTLs. This study demonstrates that Al-Poly(I:C) potentiates the humoral and cellular responses in vaccine formulations. It offers insights for adjuvant design to meet the formulation requirements in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; MOE Key Laboratory Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; MOE Key Laboratory Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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Li Y, Qian Y, Wang N, Qiu D, Cao H, Wang Y, Luo H, Shen X, Cui H, Wang J, Zhu H. The functions and applications of extracellular vesicles derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115767. [PMID: 37865994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from bacteria function critical roles in bacterial biologic physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) produces EVs both in vitro and in vivo, with membrane-bound nanoparticles facilitating the transmission of biological molecules including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and glycolipids, while interacting remotely with the host. Although studies of EVs in mycobacterial infections is still in its infancy, it has already revealed an entirely new aspect of M. tuberculosis-host interactions that may have implications for tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the significant functions of M. tuberculosis EVs in elucidating the mechanisms underlying vesicle biogenesis and modulating cellular immune responses, as well as the recent advances and challenges in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic or diagnostic strategies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Yingfen Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child health hospital Maternal and Child heath hospital of Nanchang college, Nanchang 215300, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Safety, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Jinxi People's Hospital, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Penglang Community Health Service Center of Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Hanwei Cui
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, PR China.
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3
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Kalita E, Panda M, Rao A, Prajapati VK. Exploring the role of secretory proteins in the human infectious diseases diagnosis and therapeutics. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:231-269. [PMID: 36707203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretory proteins are playing important role during the host-pathogen interaction to develop the infection or protection into the cell. Pathogens developing infectious disease to human being are taken up by host macrophages or number of immune cells, play an important role in physiological, developmental and immunological function. At the same time, infectious agents are also secreting various proteins to neutralize the resistance caused by host cells and also helping the pathogens to develop the infection. Secretory proteins (secretome) are only developed at the time of host-pathogen interaction, therefore they become very important to develop the targeted and potential therapeutic strategies. Pathogen specific secretory proteins released during interaction with host cell provide opportunity to develop point of care and rapid diagnostic kits. Proteins secreted by pathogens at the time of interaction with host cell have also been found as immunogenic in nature and numbers of vaccines have been developed to control the spread of human infectious diseases. This chapter highlights the importance of secretory proteins in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to fight against human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Kalita
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mamta Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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Nadolinskaia NI, Kotliarova MS, Goncharenko AV. Fighting Tuberculosis: In Search of a BCG Replacement. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010051. [PMID: 36677343 PMCID: PMC9863999 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most threatening infectious diseases and represents an important and significant reason for mortality in high-burden regions. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, is hardly capable of establishing long-term tuberculosis protection and is highly variable in its effectiveness. Even after 100 years of BCG use and research, we still cannot unequivocally answer the question of which immune correlates of protection are crucial to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection or the progression of the disease. The development of a new vaccine against tuberculosis arises a nontrivial scientific challenge caused by several specific features of the intracellular lifestyle of Mtb and the ability of the pathogen to manipulate host immunity. The purpose of this review is to discuss promising strategies and the possibilities of creating a new vaccine that could replace BCG and provide greater protection. The considered approaches include supplementing mycobacterial strains with immunodominant antigens and genetic engineering aimed at altering the interaction between the bacterium and the host cell, such as the exit from the phagosome. Improved new vaccine strains based on BCG and Mtb undergoing clinical evaluation are also overviewed.
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Proteome Profile Changes Induced by Heterologous Overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Derived Antigens PstS-1 (Rv0934) and Ag85B (Rv1886c) in Mycobacterium microti. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121836. [PMID: 36551264 PMCID: PMC9775975 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new tuberculosis vaccines remains a global priority, and recombinant vaccines are a frequently investigated option. These vaccines follow a molecular strategy that may enhance protective efficacy. However, their functional differences, particularly with respect to glycosylation, remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that glycosylation plays a key role in the host-pathogen interactions during immune recognition. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the glycosylation profiles of two recombinant strains of Mycobacterium microti, overexpressing Ag85B (Rv1886c) and PstS-1 (Rv0934) antigens of M. tuberculosis. For each strain, the glycosylation profile was determined by Western blotting with lectins. The results showed the presence of mannosylated proteins and evidence of linked sialic acid proteins. Interestingly, different proteome and glycoproteome profiles were observed between the two recombinant strains and the wild-type strain. We have shown here that the construction of the recombinant strains of M. microti has altered the proteome and glycosylation profiles of these strains, leading us to ask what impact these changes might have on the immune response.
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George E, Goswami A, Lodhiya T, Padwal P, Iyer S, Gauttam I, Sethi L, Jeyasankar S, Sharma PR, Dravid AA, Mukherjee R, Agarwal R. Immunomodulatory effect of mycobacterial outer membrane vesicles coated nanoparticles. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213003. [PMID: 35882150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most widely prevalent infectious diseases that cause significant mortality. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the current TB vaccine used in clinics, shows variable efficacy and has safety concerns for immunocompromised patients. There is a need to develop new and more effective TB vaccines. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles released by Mycobacteria that contain several lipids and membrane proteins and act as a good source of antigens to prime immune response. However, the use of OMVs as vaccines has been hampered by their heterogeneous size and low stability. Here we report that mycobacterial OMVs can be stabilized by coating over uniform-sized 50 nm gold nanoparticles. The OMV-coated gold nanoparticles (OMV-AuNP) show enhanced uptake and activation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Proteinase K and TLR inhibitor studies demonstrated that the enhanced activation was attributed to proteins present on OMVs and was mediated primarily by TLR2 and TLR4. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed several potential membrane proteins that were common in both free OMVs and OMV-AuNP. Such strategies may open up new avenues and the utilization of novel antigens for developing TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna George
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Tejan Lodhiya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Priyanka Padwal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shalini Iyer
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Iti Gauttam
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshay Sethi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pallavi Raj Sharma
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ameya Atul Dravid
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Liang Z, Li M, Ni J, Hussain T, Yao J, Song Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhou X. CFP10-loaded PLGA nanoparticles as a booster vaccine confer protective immunity against Mycobacterium bovis. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:395-404. [PMID: 36381632 PMCID: PMC9596879 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The limited efficacy of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) urgently requires new effective vaccination approaches for the control of tuberculosis. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a prevalent drug delivery system. However, the effect of PLGA-based nanoparticles (NPs) against tuberculosis for the induction of mucosal immune response is no fully elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that intranasal immunization with culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP10)-loaded PLGA NPs (CFP10-NPs) could boost the protective immunity of BCG against Mycobacterium bovis in mice. Methods: The recombinant protein CFP10 was encapsulated with PLGA NPs to prepare CFP10-NPs by the classical water-oil-water solvent-evaporation method. Then, the immunoregulatory effects of CFP10-NPs on macrophages in vitro and on BCG-immunized mice in vivo were investigated. Results: We used spherical CFP10-NPs with a negatively charged surface (zeta-potential -28.5 ± 1.7 mV) having a particle size of 281.7 ± 28.5 nm in diameter. Notably, CFP10-NPs significantly enhanced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in J774A.1 macrophages. Moreover, mucosal immunization with CFP10-NPs significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β production in serum, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and promoted the secretion of CFP10-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in splenocytes of mice. Furthermore, CFP10-NPs immunization significantly reduced the inflammatory area and bacterial load in lung tissues at 3-week post-M. bovis challenge. Conclusion: CFP10-NPs markedly improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BCG. Our findings explore the potential of the airway mucosal vaccine based on PLGA NPs as a vehicle for targeted lung delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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Liang Z, Li H, Qu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Chen Y, Ge X, Zhou X. Intranasal bovine β-defensin-5 enhances antituberculosis immunity in a mouse model by a novel protein-based respiratory mucosal vaccine. Virulence 2022; 13:949-962. [PMID: 35603910 PMCID: PMC9154763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal immunization is an effective immunization strategy against tuberculosis (TB), and effective mucosal vaccines require adjuvants that can promote protective immunity without deleterious inflammation. Mucosal BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) is effective, but it causes a severe inflammatory response in the lung. A novel less cytotoxic mucosal vaccine AH-PB containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell surface antigens Ag85A and HspX (AH), as well as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) adjuvants were prepared, with the overarching goal of protecting against TB. Then, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines via the intranasal route were evaluated in a mouse model. Results showed that intranasal AH-PB promoted tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) development in the lung, induced antigen-specific antibody response in airway, provided protection against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), conferred better protection than parenteral BCG in the later stage of infection, and boosted the protective immunity generated by BCG in mice. Moreover, both B5 and Poly IC were indispensable for the protection generated by AH-PB. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with AH-B5 fusion vaccines also provided similar protection against M. bovis compared to AH-PB. Collectively, B5-based TB vaccine via the intranasal route is a promising immunization strategy against bovine TB, and this kind of immunization strategy may be applied to human TB vaccine development. These findings highlight the potential importance of B5 as a mucosal adjuvant used in TB vaccines or other respiratory disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Therapeutic Effect of Subunit Vaccine AEC/BC02 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Post-Chemotherapy Relapse Using a Latent Infection Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050825. [PMID: 35632581 PMCID: PMC9145927 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an infectious disease that presents a major threat to human health. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, is ineffective against latent TB infection, necessitating the development of further TB drugs or therapeutic vaccines. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a novel subunit vaccine AEC/BC02 after chemotherapy in a spontaneous Mtb relapse model. Immunotherapy followed 4 weeks of treatment with isoniazid and rifapentine, and bacterial loads in organs, pathological changes, and adaptive immune characteristics were investigated. The results showed slowly increased bacterial loads in the spleen and lungs of mice inoculated with AEC/BC02 with significantly lower loads than those of the control groups. Pathological scores for the liver, spleen, and lungs decreased accordingly. Moreover, AEC/BC02 induced antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting or IL-2-secreting cellular immune responses, which decreased with the number of immunizations and times. Obvious Ag85b- and EC-specific IgG were observed in mice following the treatment with AEC/BC02, indicating a significant Th1-biased response. Taken together, these data suggest that AEC/BC02 immunotherapy post-chemotherapy may shorten future TB treatment.
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Gong W, Pan C, Cheng P, Wang J, Zhao G, Wu X. Peptide-Based Vaccines for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830497. [PMID: 35173740 PMCID: PMC8841753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global TB mortality rate in 2020 is rising, making TB prevention and control more challenging. Vaccination has been considered the best approach to reduce the TB burden. Unfortunately, BCG, the only TB vaccine currently approved for use, offers some protection against childhood TB but is less effective in adults. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new TB vaccines that are more effective than BCG. Accumulating data indicated that peptides or epitopes play essential roles in bridging innate and adaptive immunity and triggering adaptive immunity. Furthermore, innovations in bioinformatics, immunoinformatics, synthetic technologies, new materials, and transgenic animal models have put wings on the research of peptide-based vaccines for TB. Hence, this review seeks to give an overview of current tools that can be used to design a peptide-based vaccine, the research status of peptide-based vaccines for TB, protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems, and animal models for the peptide-based vaccines. These explorations will provide approaches and strategies for developing safer and more effective peptide-based vaccines and contribute to achieving the WHO’s End TB Strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqiong Wu, ; Guangyu Zhao,
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqiong Wu, ; Guangyu Zhao,
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11
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Fan X, Li X, Wan K, Zhao X, Deng Y, Chen Z, Luan X, Lu S, Liu H. Construction and immunogenicity of a T cell epitope-based subunit vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2021; 39:6860-6865. [PMID: 34702619 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite antibiotic treatment and Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden in most developing countries. Therefore, developing an improved vaccine is high priority. In this study, we cloned the genes of the immunodominant antigen of M. tuberculosis viz. its 38-kDa antigen (Pst homolog) (Rv0934, PstS1), and its T cell epitopes (amino acid [aa]169-405 and [aa]802-1119), which we termed PstS1p. Prokaryotic expression showed that the two recombinant proteins were mainly in the form of inclusion bodies. We also evaluated the immunity and immunogenicity of PstS1 and PstS1p. Both PstS1 and its T cell epitopes elicited significantly higher antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in mouse serum, indicating that they enhanced antibody response. They also elicited the T helper 1 (Th1)-type response and promoted CD4+ T cell proliferation. Compared to PstS1, PstS1p promoted stronger cell-mediated immune response. These data indicate that PstS1p is highly immunogenic in mice, and may be a promising candidate vaccine for controlling tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Zixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Xiuli Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Whitlow E, Mustafa AS, Hanif SNM. An Overview of the Development of New Vaccines for Tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040586. [PMID: 33027958 PMCID: PMC7712106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). Despite its protective efficacy against TB in children, BCG has failed to protect adults against pulmonary TB, lacks therapeutic value, and causes complications in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, it compromises the use of antigens present in the purified protein derivate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the diagnosis of TB. Many approaches, e.g., whole-cell organisms, subunit, and recombinant vaccines are currently being explored for safer and more efficacious TB vaccines than BCG. These approaches have been successful in developing a large number of vaccine candidates included in the TB vaccine pipeline and are at different stages of clinical trials in humans. This paper discusses current vaccination strategies, provides directions for the possible routes towards the development of new TB vaccines and highlights recent findings. The efforts for improved TB vaccines may lead to new licensed vaccines capable of replacing/supplementing BCG and conferring therapeutic value in patients with active/latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Whitlow
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA;
| | - A. S. Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
| | - S. N. M. Hanif
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Alvarez AH, Flores-Valdez MA. Can immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin be improved for prevention or therapy and elimination of chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection? Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 18:1219-1227. [PMID: 31826664 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Current vaccination with BCG can prevent meningeal and disseminated TB in children. However, success against latent pulmonary TB infection (LTBI) or its reactivation is limited. Evidence suggests that there may be means to improve the efficacy of BCG raising the possibility of developing new vaccine candidates against LTBI.Areas covered: BCG improvements include the use of purified mycobacterial immunogenic proteins, either from an active or dormant state, as well as expressing those proteins from recombinant BCG strains that harvor those specific genes. It also includes boost protein mixtures with synthetic adjuvants or within liposomes, as a way to increase a protective immune response during chronic TB produced in laboratory animal models. References cited were chosen from PubMed searches.Expertopinion: Strategies aiming to improve or boost BCG have been receiving increased attention. With the advent of -omics, it has been possible to dissect several specific stages during mycobacterial infection. Recent experimental models of disease, diagnostic and immunological data obtained from individual M. tuberculosis antigens could introduce promising developments for more effective TB vaccines that may contribute to eliminating the hidden (latent) form of this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Alvarez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
| | - M A Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
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