1
|
Le Prell CG, Brewer CC, Campbell KCM. The audiogram: Detection of pure-tone stimuli in ototoxicity monitoring and assessments of investigational medicines for the inner ear. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:470. [PMID: 35931504 PMCID: PMC9288270 DOI: 10.1121/10.0011739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pure-tone thresholds have long served as a gold standard for evaluating hearing sensitivity and documenting hearing changes related to medical treatments, toxic or otherwise hazardous exposures, ear disease, genetic disorders involving the ear, and deficits that develop during aging. Although the use of pure-tone audiometry is basic and standard, interpretation of thresholds obtained at multiple frequencies in both ears over multiple visits can be complex. Significant additional complexity is introduced when audiometric tests are performed within ototoxicity monitoring programs to determine if hearing loss occurs as an adverse reaction to an investigational medication and during the design and conduct of clinical trials for new otoprotective agents for noise and drug-induced hearing loss. Clinical trials using gene therapy or stem cell therapy approaches are emerging as well with audiometric outcome selection further complicated by safety issues associated with biological therapies. This review addresses factors that must be considered, including test-retest variability, significant threshold change definitions, use of ototoxicity grading scales, interpretation of early warning signals, measurement of notching in noise-induced hearing loss, and application of age-based normative data to interpretation of pure-tone thresholds. Specific guidance for clinical trial protocols that will assure rigorous methodological approaches and interpretable audiometric data are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Le Prell
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C. 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen C M Campbell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Response of safety pharmacologists to challenges arising from the rapidly evolving changes in the pharmaceutical industry. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 98:106593. [PMID: 31158459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This commentary highlights and expands upon the thoughts conveyed in the lecture by Dr. Alan S. Bass, recipient of the 2017 Distinguished Service Award from the Safety Pharmacology Society, given on 27 September 2017 in Berlin, Germany. The lecture discussed the societal, scientific, technological, regulatory and economic events that dramatically impacted the pharmaceutical industry and ultimately led to significant changes in the strategic operations and practices of safety pharmacology. It focused on the emerging challenges and opportunities, and considered the lessons learned from drug failures and the influences of world events, including the financial crisis that ultimately led to a collapse of the world economies from which we are now recovering. Events such as these, which continue to today, challenge the assumptions that form the foundation of our discipline and dramatically affect the way that safety pharmacology is practiced. These include the latest scientific and technological developments contributing to the design and advancement of safe medicines. More broadly, they reflect the philosophical mission of safety pharmacology and the roles and responsibilities served by safety pharmacologists. As the discipline of Safety Pharmacology continues to evolve, develop and mature, the reader is invited to reflect on past experiences as a framework towards a vision of the future of the field.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abi-Gerges N, McMahon C, Vargas H, Sager P, Chui R, Stevens D, Davila J, Schaub JR, Wu JC, Del Rio C, Mathes C, Miller PE, Burns-Naas LA, Ghetti A. The West coast regional safety pharmacology society meeting update: Filling translational gaps in safety assessment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 98:106582. [PMID: 31077805 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) held a West Coast Regional Meeting in Foster City, CA on November 14, 2018 at the Gilead Sciences Inc. site. The meeting was attended by scientists from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, contract research organizations (CROs) and academia. A variety of scientific topics were presented by speakers, covering a broad variety of topics in the fields of safety risk assessment; from pro-arrhythmia and contractility risk evaluation, to models of heart failure and seizure in-a-dish; and discovery sciences; from stem cells and precision medicine, to models of inherited cardiomyopathy and precision cut tissue slices. The present review summarizes the highlights of the presentations and provides an overview of the high level of innovation currently underlying many frontiers in safety pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip Sager
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ray Chui
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 92320, USA
| | - Dale Stevens
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pugsley M, Authier S, Koerner J, Redfern W, Markgraf C, Brabham T, Correll K, Soloviev M, Botchway A, Engwall M, Traebert M, Valentin JP, Mow T, Greiter-Wilke A, Leishman D, Vargas H. An overview of the safety pharmacology society strategic plan. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 93:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|