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Machicado C, Bertani S, Herrera-Velit P, Espinoza J, Ruiz E, Marcos L. Negative serology of Fasciola hepatica infection in patients with liver cancer in Peru: a preliminary report. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:231-233. [PMID: 29768560 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0180-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of several hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases remains largely unknown. Although Fasciola hepatica has been associated with liver fibrosis in Latin America, it has not yet been associated with HCC. This study aimed to determine the existence of specific IgG antibodies against F. hepatica in the serum samples of HCC patients. METHODS In total, 13 serum samples from 13 HCC patients were screened using Fas2-ELISA. RESULTS Fas2-ELISA demonstrated negative results in all HCC patients included in this study. CONCLUSIONS The pre-existence of F. hepatica infection in HCC patients needs to be further investigated in epidemiological and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Machicado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Peru.,Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stéphane Bertani
- Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Herrera-Velit
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Espinoza
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Peru
| | - Eloy Ruiz
- Departamento de Cirugía en Abdomen, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook. New York.USA
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Machicado C, Machicado JD, Maco V, Terashima A, Marcos LA. Association of Fasciola hepatica Infection with Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Cancer: A Systematic Review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004962. [PMID: 27681524 PMCID: PMC5040415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fascioliasis has been sporadically associated with chronic liver disease on previous studies. In order to describe the current evidence, we carried out a systematic review to assess the association between fascioliasis with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. Methodology and Principal Findings A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Scielo) was conducted from June to July 2015 and yielded 1,557 published studies. Among 21 studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies explored the association of F. hepatica with liver fibrosis, 4 with liver cirrhosis, and 5 with cancer. Globally these studies suggested the ability of F. hepatica to promote liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The role of F. hepatica in cancer is unknown. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusions Future high-quality studies are needed to determine the role of F. hepatica on the development of liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer in humans. Fascioliasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by the trematode Fasciola. This parasite (liver fluke) is endemic in many parts of the world including countries from Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. High prevalence rates of fascioliasis has been repeatedly reported in the Andean region of South America. Liver complications in infected humans by this fluke have been sporadically reported in the literature. For instance, the relationship between F. hepatica infection and liver fibrosis has been suggested but its association with cancer is unclear. In this study, we found some evidence of an association between Fasciola infection with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, but little between Fasciola and cancer. As Fasciola is highly endemic in some regions of the developing world, our study shed light on the complications of this parasitic infection which are not that different from flukes such as Schistosoma or Opisthorchis. We believe that further investigations are needed in order to elucidate the pathways in how F. hepatica infection causes liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Machicado
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, School of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge D. Machicado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vicente Maco
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Angelica Terashima
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis A. Marcos
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Kolodziejczyk L, Laszczyńska M, Masiuk M, Grabowska M, Skrzydlewska E. Immunoexpression of intermediate filaments and morphological changes in the liver and bile duct of rats infected withFasciola hepatica. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:477-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1021712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Alvarez Rojas CA, Jex AR, Gasser RB, Scheerlinck JPY. Techniques for the diagnosis of Fasciola infections in animals: room for improvement. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2014; 85:65-107. [PMID: 24928180 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800182-0.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, causes fascioliasis, a significant disease in mammals, including livestock, wildlife and humans, with a major socioeconomic impact worldwide. In spite of its impact, and some advances towards the development of vaccines and new therapeutic agents, limited attention has been paid to the need for practical and reliable methods for the diagnosis of infection or disease. Accurate diagnosis is central to effective control, particularly given an emerging problem with drug resistance in F. hepatica. Traditional coprological techniques have been widely used, but are often unreliable. Although there have been some advances in establishing immunologic techniques, these tools can suffer from a lack of diagnostic specificity and/or sensitivity. Nonetheless, antigen detection tests seem to have considerable potential, but have not yet been adequately evaluated in the field. Moreover, advanced nucleic acid-based methods appear to offer the most promise for the diagnosis of current infection. This chapter (i) provides a brief account of the biology and significance of F. hepatica/fascioliasis, (ii) describes key techniques currently in use, (iii) compares their advantages/disadvantages and (iv) reviews polymerase chain reaction-based methods for specific diagnosis and/or the genetic characterization of Fasciola species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jean-Pierre Y Scheerlinck
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Garcia JS, Lúcio CDS, Bonfim TCDS, Junior AM, Tunholi VM, Tunholi-Alves VM, Mota EM, Simões RDO, Santana AC, Hooper C, Pinheiro J, Bóia MN. Metabolic and histopathological profile of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) experimentally infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). Exp Parasitol 2013; 137:35-40. [PMID: 24333291 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic meningitis is a disease characterized by increased eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is the most commonly caused by invasion of the central nervous system by helminths, as occurs in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections. The rodent Rattus norvegicus is the definitive natural host and humans act as accidental hosts and can become infected by eating raw or undercooked snails or food contaminated with infective L3 larvae. Recently in Brazil there have been four cases of eosinophilic meningitis due to ingestion of infected Achatina fulica. To evaluate biochemical and histopathological changes caused by this parasite, R. norvegicus were experimentally infected with 100 L3 larvae of A. cantonensis. After the anesthetic procedure, serum from the rodents was collected from the inferior vena cava for evaluation of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein and its fractions. During the necropsy, the liver was collected and weighed. Then a 1-g fragment was extracted from the major lobe to quantify the hepatic glycogen and fragment remainder was taken from the same lobe and fixed in Milloning's formalin for histopathological examination. Additionally, helminths were collected from the brain and lungs of the rodents. The activities of AST, ALT, ALKP and GGT in the serum and hepatic glycogen increased in response to infection, while the levels of globulin and total protein increased only in the eighth week of infection and there was a reduction in the levels of serum glucose. Albumin and bilirubin concentrations remained stable during the experiment. Infection with A. cantonensis caused metabolic and histopathological changes in the rodents. This study can contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between A. cantonensis and R. norvegicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juberlan Silva Garcia
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Camila dos Santos Lúcio
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Maldonado Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia and Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia and Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Esther Maria Mota
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, CEP 21040-30 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Campos Santana
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleber Hooper
- Departamento de Controle de Qualidade Animal, Centro de Criação de Animais de Laboratório (CECAL), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia and Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio Neves Bóia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tezer H, Yuksek SK, Parlakay AÖ, Gülhan B, Tavil B, Tunç B. Evaluation of cases with Fasciola hepatica infection: experience in 6 children. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Marcos LA, Terashima A, Yi P, Andrade R, Cubero FJ, Albanis E, Gotuzzo E, Espinoza JR, Friedman SL. Mechanisms of liver fibrosis associated with experimental Fasciola hepatica infection: roles of Fas2 proteinase and hepatic stellate cell activation. J Parasitol 2010; 97:82-7. [PMID: 21348611 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2420.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the possible mechanisms of liver fibrosis caused by Fasciola hepatica in an animal model and in culture using immortalized human stellate cells. Liver biopsies of F. hepatica-infected rats were performed at wk 8 and 16. Serum-starved LX-2 cells, a human stellate cell line, were exposed to increasing concentrations of Fas2 antigen. The expression of key fibrosis-related genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR. There was a significant correlation between fibrogenic gene expression and both intensity and duration of infection. LX-2 cells exposed to Fas2 showed progressively increased expression of mRNAs for Collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle-actin, platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase II; inhibition of Fas2 cysteine proteinase activity by E-64 abrogated these increases, suggesting that the protease activity of Fas2 is involved in fibrogenic stimulation. In summary, F. hepatica infection is associated with up-regulation of mRNAs associated with hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo and in activated hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Marcos
- Washington University School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Cervical tumor caused by the sexually mature stage of Fasciola hepatica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103:318-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Chapter 2 Fasciola, Lymnaeids and Human Fascioliasis, with a Global Overview on Disease Transmission, Epidemiology, Evolutionary Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology and Control. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2009; 69:41-146. [PMID: 19622408 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(09)69002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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De Almeida MA, Ferreira MB, Planchart S, Terashima A, Maco V, Marcos L, Gotuzzo E, Sánchez E, Náquira C, Scorza JV, Incani RN. Preliminary antigenic characterisation of an adult worm vomit preparation of Fasciola hepatica by infected human sera. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007; 49:31-5. [PMID: 17384817 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an emerging/re-emerging vector-borne disease with the widest known distribution. Approximately 17 million people are infected around the world, being the Andean region the most affected area. There is an important necessity to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tools to treat patients early and to avoid complications. In this paper we evaluated the immune response of infected humans against two antigenic preparations: the total soluble extract (FhTSE) and the adult worm vomit (FhAWV) in order to identify antigenic fractions specific for Fasciola hepatica. Both preparations were processed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with human sera with fascioliasis (F), other parasitosis and healthy individuals. In the immunoblot of FhTSE, sera F recognised 16 bands with MW between eight and 110 kDa, from which those of 8, 9, 10, 38, 45 and 57 kDa were specific. In the preparation FhAWV, sera F recognised nine bands with MW from eight to 85 kDa, from which those of 8, 12, 15 and 24 kDa were specific. Some bands of cross-reaction were evident with sera from patients with other parasitoses, more frequent with the FhTSE. Bands within the MW mentioned, particularly that of eight kDa, have been shown to be specific by others, and deserve additional characterisation for their potential use in immunodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra De Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
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Ferreras-Estrada MC, Campo R, González-Lanza C, Pérez V, García-Marín JF, Manga-González MY. Immunohistochemical study of the local immune response in lambs experimentally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Digenea). Parasitol Res 2007; 101:547-55. [PMID: 17393185 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic expression of inflammatory cells in liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) has been examined in lambs experimentally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum using immunohistochemical techniques. Thirty-two lambs, 12 infected with 1,000 D. dendriticum metacercariae, 12 with 3,000, and 8 controls were used. Half the lambs in each group were slaughtered on days 60 and 180 post-infection (p.i.), respectively. Primary antibodies (Abs) against T cell epitopes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and WC1+ gammadelta), B cell epitopes (CD79alphacy+, CD45R+), immunoglobulin (IgG)-bearing plasma cells, macrophages (CD14+, VPM32+) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIbeta antigen were used. T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+) and B lymphocytes (CD79alphacy+ and CD45R+) with diffuse pattern or forming lymphoid aggregates and follicles surrounded the septal bile ducts (SBD) and inter-lobular bile ducts, whereas the WC1 gammadelta T cells were scattered. Numerous IgG+ plasma cells were observed around SBD. CD14 and VPM32+ macrophages intermingled with lymphocytes were immunostained by the anti-MHC class IIbeta. This Ab also reacted with lymphoid cells. Likewise, increased positive immunostaining for all Abs used was observed in the HLN of infected lambs. There was no qualitative difference regarding the phenotype expression of inflammatory cells between the lambs infected with D. dendriticum. The humoral and cell-mediated local immune responses observed were similar in the two groups of lambs infected with different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Ferreras-Estrada
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 Leon, Spain.
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Espinoza JR, Timoteo O, Herrera-Velit P. Fas2-ELISA in the detection of human infection byFasciola hepatica. J Helminthol 2007; 79:235-40. [PMID: 16153317 DOI: 10.1079/joh2005303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFasciola hepaticahas recently emerged as a major pathogen of humans from reports on areas of endemicity and hyper-endemicity for fascioliasis. This situation is aggravated by the lack of standard assays for the screen diagnosis ofF. hepaticainfection in humans living in endemic areas. Our laboratory has developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Fas2-ELISA) based on the capture of IgG antibody by a purified protein Fas2, which is an adult fluke cysteine proteinase. Fas2-ELISA exhibited 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity in 38 individuals infected withF. hepaticadiagnosed by finding eggs in stools and 46 serum samples from healthy volunteers. No cross-reaction was observed with 54 serum samples from patients with ten different parasitic infections including the trematodesParagonimus westermaniandSchistosoma mansoni. The high antigenicity of Fas2 is suggested by the fact that antibodies to Fas2 rise rapidly by 1–2 weeks of infection and rise until patency at 8 weeks of infection in experimentally infected alpacas. Field screening for human fascioliasis using Fas2-ELISA and coprology in three endemic locations of the Peruvian Andes resulted in 95.5% sensitivity, 86.6% specificity in a population of 664 children in an age range of 1 to 16 years old. These results provide evidence of the clinical potential of Fas2-ELISA to diagnose fascioliasis in humans exposed to liver fluke infection in endemic areas for this parasite. Fas2-ELISA is currently developed as a standard assay for both field screening for fascioliasis in people living in endemic areas and detecting occasionallyF. hepaticainfected patients in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Espinoza
- Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Laboratories for Research and Development, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 100, Peru.
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