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Lee MA, Hulsebosch SE, Affolter VK, Dear JD, Knipe MF, Maggs DJ, Moore BA, Outerbridge CA, Marsilio S. Polyautoimmunity manifest as inflammatory myopathy, uveitis, and progressive cutaneous depigmentation in a mixed breed dog: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:198. [PMID: 37817164 PMCID: PMC10563350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyautoimmunity is the expression of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. This report documents polyautoimmunity in a mixed breed dog with concurrent uveitis, cutaneous depigmentation, and inflammatory myopathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 1-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for progressive generalized leukotrichia and leukoderma, bilateral panuveitis, and masticatory muscle atrophy. The latter progressed to myositis of lingual, pharyngeal, and masticatory muscles confirmed by biopsy. Temporalis muscle was completely replaced by adipose and fibrous tissue, and necrotic myofibers with extensive infiltration of mononuclear cells indicated active myositis of lingual muscle. Skin biopsies showed severe melanin clumping in epidermis, hair follicles, and hair shafts, and perifollicular pigmentary incontinence. Uveitis, depigmentation, and myositis affecting the masticatory, pharyngeal, and tongue muscles were diagnosed based on clinical, histological, and laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent uveitis, progressive cutaneous depigmentation, and inflammatory myopathy in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean E Hulsebosch
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Dear
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marguerite F Knipe
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Maggs
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bret A Moore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sina Marsilio
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Afzali AM, Ruck T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. Animal models in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: How to overcome a translational roadblock? Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:478-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hunyadi L, Sundman EA, Kass PH, Williams DC, Aleman M. Clinical Implications and Hospital Outcome of Immune-Mediated Myositis in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:170-175. [PMID: 28044365 PMCID: PMC5259621 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated myositis (IMM) is a cause of rhabdomyolysis, stiffness, and muscle atrophy predominantly affecting Quarter horses. Limited information is available with regard to outcome, prognostic indicators, and associations with concurrent diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To report outcomes and associations between outcome and clinical and laboratory parameters, and presence of concurrent illness. ANIMALS Sixty-eight horses; 52 Quarter horses and related breeds and 16 other breeds. METHODS Retrospective cohort study (1991-2014). Medical records of horses with histological diagnosis of IMM were reviewed. Data recovery included signalment, laboratory variables, therapy, and outcome. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association between potential prognostic factors and survival to discharge. RESULTS Quarter horses were younger (mean < 4 years, range 3 months-21 years) than other breeds (mean < 10 years, range 1-23 years). Pathogens causing concurrent or recent infection included S. equi equi, S. equi zooepidemicus, C. pseudotuberculosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, herpes virus-1, and influenza. The most common clinical signs consisted of rapidly progressive diffuse symmetrical muscle atrophy (80%), stiff gait (74%), and fever (44%). All horses that received medical therapy immediately upon admission survived to discharge (survival proportion = 87%). Leucocytosis was a common finding (60%). Horses with concurrent fever and other illness had a poor prognosis for hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Horses with IMM can have a favorable outcome. Horses with concurrent fever and another illness had decreased probability of survival to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hunyadi
- Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Weatherford, TX
| | | | - P H Kass
- Departments of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - D C Williams
- The William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - M Aleman
- Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Durward-Akhurst SA, Finno CJ, Barnes N, Shivers J, Guo LT, Shelton GD, Valberg SJ. Major Histocompatibility Complex I and II Expression and Lymphocytic Subtypes in Muscle of Horses with Immune-Mediated Myositis. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1313-21. [PMID: 27352021 PMCID: PMC5094553 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II expression is not normally detected on sarcolemma, but is detected with lymphocytic infiltrates in immune-mediated myositis (IMM) of humans and dogs and in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine if sarcolemmal MHC is expressed in active IMM in horses, if MHC expression is associated with lymphocytic subtype, and if dysferlin is expressed in IMM. ANIMALS Twenty-one IMM horses of Quarter Horse-related breeds, 3 healthy and 6 disease controls (3 pasture myopathy, 3 amylase-resistant polysaccharide storage myopathy [PSSM]). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for MHC I, II, and CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ lymphocytes was performed on archived muscle of IMM and control horses. Scores were given for MHC I, II, and lymphocytic subtypes. Immunofluorescent staining for dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan was performed. RESULTS Sarcolemmal MHC I and II expression was detected in 17/21 and 15/21 of IMM horses, respectively, and in specific fibers of PSSM horses, but not healthy or pasture myopathy controls. The CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells were present in 20/21 IMM muscles with CD4+ predominance in 10/21 and CD8+ predominance in 6/21 of IMM horses. Dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan staining were similar in IMM and control muscles. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Deficiencies of dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan are not associated with IMM. Sarcolemmal MHC I and II expression in a proportion of myofibers of IMM horses in conjunction with lymphocytic infiltration supports an immune-mediated etiology for IMM. The MHC expression also occured in specific myofibers in PSSM horses in the absence of lymphocytic infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Durward-Akhurst
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - N Barnes
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - J Shivers
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - L T Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - S J Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Czerwinski SL, Plummer CE, Greenberg SM, Craft WF, Conway JA, Perez ML, Cooke KL, Winter MD. Dynamic exophthalmos and lateral strabismus in a dog caused by masticatory muscle myositis. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 18:515-20. [PMID: 25728848 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 5.5-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a 5-month history of deviation of the right globe upon opening the mouth and a 1-month history of conjunctivitis in the same eye. Clinical findings, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and follow-up are described. CLINICAL FINDINGS When the mouth was opened, the right globe deviated rostrally and laterally. There was no pain or resistance to opening the mouth, or resistance to retropulsion of the globe. No other abnormalities were observed. Computed tomography was performed, revealing a contrast-enhancing region associated with the right masseter muscle impinging into the right orbit; this was more pronounced with the mouth open. Cytology revealed a small number of mildly to moderately atypical mesenchymal cells. Histopathology was consistent with polyphasic myositis, with a predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells. No infectious agents were identified. Serum antibody titers for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were negative. Serum titers for 2 M antibody were positive at 1:500, consistent with a diagnosis of masticatory muscle myositis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Therapy with prednisone was initiated. During a follow-up period of 5 months, there was no recurrence of clinical signs, and the dose of prednisone was reduced by 25%. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of masticatory muscle myositis causing dynamic exophthalmos and strabismus in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Czerwinski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Caryn E Plummer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shari M Greenberg
- New England Veterinary Center and Cancer Care, 955 Kennedy Road, Windsor, CT, 06095, USA
| | - William F Craft
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Julia A Conway
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mayrim L Perez
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kirsten L Cooke
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Matthew D Winter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Massey J, Rothwell S, Rusbridge C, Tauro A, Addicott D, Chinoy H, Cooper RG, Ollier WER, Kennedy LJ. Association of an MHC class II haplotype with increased risk of polymyositis in Hungarian Vizsla dogs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56490. [PMID: 23457575 PMCID: PMC3572995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A breed-specific polymyositis is frequently observed in the Hungarian Vizsla. Beneficial clinical response to immunosuppressive therapies has been demonstrated which points to an immune-mediated aetiology. Canine inflammatory myopathies share clinical and histological similarities with the human immune-mediated myopathies. As MHC class II associations have been reported in the human conditions we investigated whether an MHC class II association was present in the canine myopathy seen in this breed. 212 Hungarian Vizsla pedigree dogs were stratified both on disease status and degree of relatedness to an affected dog. This generated a group of 29 cases and 183 "graded" controls: 93 unaffected dogs with a first degree affected relative, 44 unaffected dogs with a second degree affected relative, and 46 unaffected dogs with no known affected relatives. Eleven DLA class II haplotypes were identified, of which, DLA-DRB1*02001/DQA1*00401/DQB1*01303, was at significantly raised frequency in cases compared to controls (OR = 1.92, p = 0.032). When only control dogs with no family history of the disease were compared to cases, the association was further strengthened (OR = 4.08, p = 0.00011). Additionally, a single copy of the risk haplotype was sufficient to increase disease risk, with the risk substantially increasing for homozygotes. There was a trend of increasing frequency of this haplotype with degree of relatedness, indicating low disease penetrance. These findings support the hypothesis of an immune-mediated aetiology for this canine myopathy and give credibility to potentially using the Hungarian Vizsla as a genetic model for comparative studies with human myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Day MJ. The immunopathology of canine vector-borne diseases. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:48. [PMID: 21489234 PMCID: PMC3090743 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine vector-borne infectious diseases (CVBDs) are an emerging problem in veterinary medicine and the zoonotic potential of many of these agents is a significant consideration for human health. The successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these infections is dependent upon firm understanding of the underlying immunopathology of the diseases in which there are unique tripartite interactions between the microorganism, the vector and the host immune system. Although significant advances have been made in the areas of molecular speciation and the epidemiology of these infections and their vectors, basic knowledge of the pathology and immunology of the diseases has lagged behind. This review summarizes recent studies of the pathology and host immune response in the major CVBDs (leishmaniosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis, anaplasmosis, bartonellosis and borreliosis). The ultimate application of such immunological investigation is the development of effective vaccines. The current commercially available vaccines for canine leishmaniosis, babesiosis and borreliosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK.
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Toyoda K, Uchida K, Matsuki N, Sakai H, Kitagawa M, Saito M, Sasaki J, Nakayama H. Inflammatory Myopathy with Severe Tongue Atrophy in Pembroke Welsh Corgi Dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:876-85. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A disease characterized by tongue and facial muscle atrophy has been recognized sporadically among Pembroke Welsh Corgi (PWC) dogs in Japan. The present study describes the pathologic findings of this canine syndrome. Histopathologic examinations were performed in 2 dogs, including a case of muscular biopsy. Identification and characterization of autoantibodies were attempted by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and Western blot (WB) by using sera from 7 PWC dogs with typical clinical features, 6 PWC dogs with other clinical signs, and 2 from other breeds with polymyositis. Clinically, the 7 affected PWC dogs exhibited dysphagia with severe tongue atrophy, facial muscular atrophy, and occasional walking difficulty. Histopathologic examinations of the 2 dogs with clinical symptoms revealed moderate to severe inflammatory lesions characterized by lymphohistiocytic infiltration and muscular atrophy in the tongue and/or femoral muscles. The tongue lesions were very severe and accompanied by diffuse fatty infiltration. There were no major lesions in the nervous tissues examined. By FAT, an autoantibody against the cross striation of skeletal muscle was detected in sera from 5 affected PWC dogs. By using WB analysis, the autoantibodies recognized a 42-kDa molecule in striated muscle but not in the nervous tissues. All of the findings indicated that the unique disease of PWC dogs might be generalized inflammatory myopathy, whereas the detailed etiology concerning the dominant involvement of tongue muscles and the role of the autoantibody in the canine disease remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideo Sakai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Isahaya Pet Clinic, Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Kitagawa
- Laboratory Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyoko Saito
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Isahaya Pet Clinic, Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Shelton GD. Routine and specialized laboratory testing for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2010; 39:278-95. [PMID: 20726955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo- and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo- or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed-associated, and DNA-based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Greer KA, Daly P, Murphy KE, Callanan JJ. Analysis of gene expression in brain tissue from Greyhounds with meningoencephalitis. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:547-54. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.5.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kort EJ, Norton P, Haak P, Berghuis B, Ramirez S, Resau J. Review Paper: Gene Expression Profiling in Veterinary and Human Medicine: Overview of Applications and Proposed Quality Control Practices. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:598-603. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0276-r-rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High throughput molecular analysis of veterinary tissue samples is being applied to a wide range of research questions aimed at improving survival, development of diagnostic assays, and improving the economics of commercial production of animal products. Many of these efforts also, implicitly or explicitly, have ramifications for the clinical care of humans and, potentially, animals. Here we provide an overview of applications of gene expression profiling in veterinary research and practice. We then focus on the current state of quality control and quality assurance efforts in gene expression profiling studies, underscoring lessons learned from such analysis of human samples. Finally, we propose practices aimed at ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of such assays. The implementation of quality assurance practices by a trained pathologist is an essential link in the chain of events leading ultimately to reliable and reproducible research findings and appropriate clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Kort
- Laboratorie of Molecular Epidemiology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - P. Norton
- Laboratorie of Molecular Epidemiology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - P. Haak
- Laboratorie of Molecular Epidemiology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - B. Berghuis
- Laboratorie of Analytical, Cellular, and Molecular Microscopy, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - S. Ramirez
- Laboratorie of Analytical, Cellular, and Molecular Microscopy, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - J. Resau
- Laboratorie of Molecular Epidemiology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
- Laboratorie of Analytical, Cellular, and Molecular Microscopy, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
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Wu X, Li ZF, Brooks R, Komives EA, Torpey JW, Engvall E, Gonias SL, Shelton GD. Autoantibodies in Canine Masticatory Muscle Myositis Recognize a Novel Myosin Binding Protein-C Family Member. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4939-44. [PMID: 17878394 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory myopathies are a group of autoimmune diseases that affect muscles. In humans, the most common inflammatory myopathies are polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis. Autoantibodies may be found in humans with inflammatory myopathies, and these play an important role in diagnosis and disease classification. However, these Abs are typically not muscle specific. Spontaneously occurring canine inflammatory myopathies may be good parallel disorders and provide insights into human myositis. In dogs with inflammatory myopathy, muscle-specific autoantibodies have been found, especially in masticatory muscle myositis. We have identified the major Ag recognized by the autoantibodies in canine masticatory muscle myositis. This Ag is a novel member of the myosin binding protein-C family, which we call masticatory myosin binding protein-C (mMyBP-C). mMyBP-C is localized not only within the masticatory muscle fibers, but also at or near their cell surface, perhaps making it accessible as an immunogen. The gene for mMyBP-C also exists in humans, and mMyBP-C could potentially play a role in certain human inflammatory myopathies. Understanding the role of mMyBP-C in this canine inflammatory myopathy may advance our knowledge of mechanisms of autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases, not only in dogs, but also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego 92101, USA
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Shelton GD. From dog to man: the broad spectrum of inflammatory myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:663-70. [PMID: 17629703 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe the various forms of inflammatory myopathy that occur spontaneously in dogs, and discuss the similarities and differences between inflammatory myopathy in dogs and humans. Some interesting muscle-specific autoantigens have recently been discovered in canine autoimmune myositis, and they are associated with specific forms of inflammatory myopathy. These autoantigens may now be investigated in humans. Furthermore, the association of distinct inflammatory myopathies with certain breeds of dogs point to important genetic components of inflammatory myopathy that can now be studied using dogs as both parallel disorders and animal models. Other canine myositides, associated with infectious and histiocytic diseases, may also be relevant to similar human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA.
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Paciello O, Shelton GD, Papparella S. Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II antigens in canine masticatory muscle myositis. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:313-20. [PMID: 17360184 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies in human immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies have documented expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) and class II (MHC class II) antigens on muscle fiber membranes in the presence or absence of cellular infiltration. Here we evaluate the presence and distribution of these antigens in canine masticatory muscle myositis, an immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy. Twelve samples of temporalis and masseter muscles from dogs with a clinical diagnosis of canine masticatory muscle myositis were examined by immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. MHC class I and class II antigens were expressed in muscle fibers independent of inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore MHC class I and class II antigens were expressed on the sarcolemma and co-localized with dystrophin. Our results suggest that MHC class I and class II expression in canine masticatory muscle myositis may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of the pathological condition, rather than just a consequence of a preceding local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Paciello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health-Unit of Anatomic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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