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El-Demerdash AS, Mohamady SN, Megahed HM, Ali NM. Evaluation of gene expression related to immunity, apoptosis, and gut integrity that underlies Artemisia's therapeutic effects in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:181. [PMID: 37193331 PMCID: PMC10182211 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiment was designed to validate the effect of Artemisia annua and its novel commercial product (Navy Cox) on the control of necrotic enteritis (NE). A total of one hundred forty broiler chicks were randomly distributed into seven equal groups: G1, control negative; G2, infected with Eimeria (day 15) and C. perfringens (day 19); G3, treated with Navy Cox before challenge; G4, treated with Artemisia before challenge; G5, infected and then treated with Navy Cox; G6, infected and then treated with Artemisia; and G7, infected and treated with amoxicillin. Chicken response and immune organ indicants were recorded during the observation period (4 weeks). Whole blood and serum samples were collected for immunological evaluation, and tissue samples were collected for bacterial counts and estimation of mRNA expression of genes encoding apoptosis, tight junctions, and immunity. Chickens in the infected group revealed a significant decrease in RBCS, HB, PCV% total protein, Lysozyme, and nitric oxide activity in addition to leukocytosis, heterophilia, monocytosis, increase in cortisol, interleukins, and malondialdehyde. Treated groups displayed lower lesions, colony-forming units, and no mortality. Concurrently, a complete blood profile, antioxidants, and immune markers showed significant improvements. The mRNA expression levels of CASP, CLDN-1, OCLN, TJPI, MUC2, and cell-mediated immune response genes (p < 0.0001) were significantly alleviated in the treated groups compared with the challenged counterpart. This is the first-ever report on the efficacy valuation of Navy Cox compared to standard antibiotic treatment of clostridial NE. Navy Cox proved remarkable capability to minimize C. perfringens colonization in broiler intestines, modulation of mucus production, gut health integrity, immune organs, and immune response when used as a prophylactic agent in this form or naturally as Artemisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S. El-Demerdash
- Microbiology Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar N. Mohamady
- Clinical Pathology Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Megahed
- Biochemistry Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Ali
- Poultry Disease Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Assuit, Egypt
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Kidane FA, Bilic I, Mitra T, Wernsdorf P, Hess M, Liebhart D. In situ hybridization to detect and localize signature cytokines of T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 immune responses in chicken tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 175:51-6. [PMID: 27269792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The avian immune system has been shown to possess a repertoire of cytokines directing T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 types of immune responses similar to that in mammals. The objective of this study was to establish in situ hybridization (ISH) for the localization of mRNA of selected signal cytokines, chicken interferon-γ (ChIFN-γ), chicken interleukin (ChIL)-4 and ChIL-13 in fixed tissues. RNA probes were generated to hybridize to 488, 318, and 417bp of the respective target mRNA. Probe concentrations ranging from 100ng/ml to 400ng/ml were shown to be suitable to label cells that expressed these cytokines. The specificity of every probe was verified using the respective sense probe. ChIFN-γ, ChIL-4 and ChIL-13 positive cells were observed in the lymphocytic infiltrations of liver and in the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths of spleen collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens. ISH of these cytokines in a severely inflamed liver due to infiltration with the parasite Histomonas meleagridis revealed the expression of both ChIFN-γ and ChIL-13 mRNA in the mononuclear infiltrates. In conclusion, ChIFN-γ, ChIL-4 and ChIL-13 mRNA were efficiently localized by ISH, which supplies a valid technique to characterize immune responses in fixed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fana Alem Kidane
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Wernsdorf
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Guan X, Li X, Yun B, Qi X, Wang Y, Gao H, Cui H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Gao Y. Differential expression of immune-related cytokine genes in response to J group avian leukosis virus infection in vivo. Mol Immunol 2014; 64:106-11. [PMID: 25438822 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with J group avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) can result in immunosuppression and subsequently increased susceptibility to secondary infection. The innate immune system is the first line defense system in prevention of further bacterial and viral infections. Cytokines play key roles in the innate immune system. In this study, we used RT-qPCR technology to test the cytokine mRNA expression levels in various immune tissues, including the spleen, bursa of fabricius and cecal tonsil, in the days following ALV-J infection. The results indicated that in the infected group, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ significantly increased in the spleen and reached peak levels that were thousandfolds higher than baselines at 9-12 days post-infection (d.p.i.). The levels in the bursa of fabricius slightly increased, and the levels in the cecal tonsil were not significantly altered. Moreover, the pattern of the expression of these three cytokines in the spleens of the infected group was similar to the pattern of viremia of this group. These results suggest that the spleen plays an important role in the interaction between ALV-J infection and the innate immune system. This study contributes to the understanding of innate immune responses to ALV-J infection and also elucidates the mechanisms of the pathogenicity of ALV-J in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaolu Guan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Bingling Yun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Honglei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427, Maduan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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Liu WQ, Tian MX, Wang YP, Zhao Y, Zou NL, Zhao FF, Cao SJ, Wen XT, Liu P, Huang Y. The different expression of immune-related cytokine genes in response to velogenic and lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses infection in chicken peripheral blood. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3611-8. [PMID: 21728003 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important pathogen hazardous to poultry industry, and the pathogenicity of NDV strains varies with different virulence. Peripheral blood serves as an important producer and carrier of viruses and cytokines in NDV infection. In order to explore the difference of cytokine expression in the peripheral blood between velogenic strain and lentogenic strain infection, NDV virulent strain F48E9 and vaccine strain Lasota were used to infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens separately, and peripheral blood was collected on 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.). Real-time PCR was then used to detect the expression of six kinds of immune-related cytokine genes. For the F48E9 group, a sharp increase of the expression of interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-16 and IL-18 was observed on 3 d.p.i. before the NDV blood peak (7 d.p.i.), followed by a rapid decline to the level lower than that of control group, then the expression of IFN-α increased slowly and reached or exceeded the level of control group in the later phase of the infection, while the expression of IFN-γ, IL-16, and IL-18 fluctuated at the level of control group for the rest of study period. The increase of IL-2 expression was not obvious, and no increase of IL-15 expression was noted. For the Lasota (vaccine) group, the picture was quite different, a sharp increase of IFN-γ (but not IFN-α), IL-2 was observed on 7 d.p.i. before the NDV blood peak (10 d.p.i.). On the contrary, there was no dramatic increase of IL-16 and IL-18. Interestingly, in contrast to the F48E9 group, there was an increase of IL-15 on day 10 d.p.i., but it remained modest. There was also an increase of IFN-α on day 21 d.p.i. Our results revealed that infection with NDV strains of different virulence was associated with distinct cytokine expression patterns in peripheral blood, modulation of cytokine responses may play a key role in mediation of NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Quan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
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