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Prélaud AR, Fuchs S, Weber K, Winter G, Coester C, Mueller RS. In vitro effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides delivered by gelatin nanoparticles on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic and healthy dogs - a pilot study. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:494-e117. [PMID: 23826658 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides offer a novel promising immunotherapeutic approach for atopic dermatitis (AD) both in humans and animals. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) enhance and prolong CpG-associated immunomodulatory effects and minimize adverse effects both in vitro and in vivo. Information about the effects of this combination in dogs is lacking. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological effects of CpG coupled to GNP on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. ANIMALS Eight dogs with AD, diagnosed by standard criteria and with a concurrent immediate hypersensitivity to house dust mites were included. Control samples were taken from eight healthy, age-matched control dogs without history or evidence of cutaneous or systemic illness. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy and allergic dogs were incubated with CpG-GNP and the uptake of CpG-GNP was demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell culture supernatant concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by Canine Cytokine Milliplex. RESULTS No significant changes in IFN-γ and IL-4 were found when comparing PBMCs incubated with CpG and CpG-GNP with the negative controls in atopic and healthy dogs. Interleukin-6 was not detected in any of the groups. However, a statistically significant increase in IL-10 concentration was found after 24 h stimulation with CpG-GNP compared with CpG alone both in atopic and healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE As IL-10 is considered an immunosuppressive cytokine playing a key role in peripheral tolerance; the reported CpG-GNP formulation could be a new approach in allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rostaher Prélaud
- Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539, Munich, Germany
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Kawarai S, Sato K, Horiguchi A, Kurata K, Kiuchi A, Tsujimoto H, Sakaguchi M. Potential immunological adjuvant of `K'-type CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides enhanced the cell proliferation and IL-6 mRNA transcription in canine B cells. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 73:177-84. [PMID: 20877154 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are ligands for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), signaling of which plays a role in innate immunity by inducing T helper 1 (TH1)-cell responses and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The activation of TLR9 signaling is considered to be effective for the therapy of cancer, infectious diseases, and allergies and preclinical studies using CpG-ODNs have been performed in dogs and humans. In order to investigate the precise mechanisms responsible for the effect of CpG-ODNs in dogs, we examined their role in cell proliferation and cytokine gene expression in canine B cells. Canine B cells were collected by a magnetic cell isolation method using anti-CD21 antibody. Flow cytometric analysis for the intracellular CD79α revealed the purity of canine B cells to be as high as 90.2 ± 2.1%. Transcription of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 mRNA on canine CD21(+) cells was confirmed by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CpG-ODNs induced dose-dependent proliferation of canine CD21(+) cells (P<0.05 compared with control-ODNs) detected by BrdU incorporation. Quantification of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 mRNA transcription on canine CD21(+) cells revealed that CpG-ODNs enhanced IL-6 mRNA transcription but not IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA transcription (P<0.05 compared with control-ODNs). These responses to CpG-ODNs in the canine B cells indicated that CpG-ODNs would be useful as an immunological adjuvant for vaccine in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kawarai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Xiong W, Candolfi M, Liu C, Muhammad AKMG, Yagiz K, Puntel M, Moore PF, Avalos J, Young JD, Khan D, Donelson R, Pluhar GE, Ohlfest JR, Wawrowsky K, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Human Flt3L generates dendritic cells from canine peripheral blood precursors: implications for a dog glioma clinical trial. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11074. [PMID: 20552015 PMCID: PMC2884015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and carries a dismal prognosis. We have developed a conditional cytotoxic/immunotherapeutic approach using adenoviral vectors (Ads) encoding the immunostimulatory cytokine, human soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hsFlt3L) and the conditional cytotoxic molecule, i.e., Herpes Simplex Type 1- thymide kinase (TK). This therapy triggers an anti-tumor immune response that leads to tumor regression and anti-tumor immunological memory in intracranial rodent cancer models. We aim to test the efficacy of this immunotherapy in dogs bearing spontaneous GBM. In view of the controversy regarding the effect of human cytokines on dog immune cells, and considering that the efficacy of this treatment depends on hsFlt3L-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs), in the present work we tested the ability of Ad-encoded hsFlt3L to generate DCs from dog peripheral blood and compared its effects with canine IL-4 and GM-CSF. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that hsFlT3L expressed form an Ad vector, generated DCs from peripheral blood cultures with very similar morphological and phenotypic characteristics to canine IL-4 and GM-CSF-cultured DCs. These include phagocytic activity and expression of CD11c, MHCII, CD80 and CD14. Maturation of DCs cultured under both conditions resulted in increased secretion of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Importantly, hsFlt3L-derived antigen presenting cells showed allostimulatory potential highlighting their ability to present antigen to T cells and elicit their proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that hsFlt3L induces the proliferation of canine DCs and support its use in upcoming clinical trials for canine GBM. Our data further support the translation of hsFlt3L to be used for dendritic cells' vaccination and gene therapeutic approaches from rodent models to canine patients and its future implementation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - A. K. M. Ghulam Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kader Yagiz
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peter F. Moore
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Avalos
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Young
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Khan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Randy Donelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - G. Elizabeth Pluhar
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John R. Ohlfest
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kolja Wawrowsky
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Diagnostic assays for immunologic diseases in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:469-72. [PMID: 20471529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several tests are available for the diagnosis of immunologic disorders with varying availability. The tests are categorized into two groups, those that examine function and those that measure physical parameters such as cell numbers or immunoglobulin concentrations. This article highlights several of these tests and describes their use in small animals.
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Ricklin Gutzwiller ME, Moulin HR, Zurbriggen A, Roosje P, Summerfield A. Comparative analysis of canine monocyte- and bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells. Vet Res 2010; 41:40. [PMID: 20167201 PMCID: PMC2839791 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) represent a heterogeneous cell family of major importance for innate immune responses against pathogens and antigen presentation during infection, cancer, allergy and autoimmunity. The aim of the present study was to characterize canine DC generated in vitro with respect to their phenotype, responsiveness to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and T-cell stimulatory capacity. DC were derived from monocytes (MoDC) and from bone marrow hematopoietic cells cultured with either Flt3-ligand (FL-BMDC) or with GM-CSF (GM-BMDC). All three methods generated cells with typical DC morphology that expressed CD1c, CD11c and CD14, similar to macrophages. However, CD40 was only found on DC, CD206 on MΦ and BMDC, but not on monocytes and MoDC. CD1c was not found on monocytes but on all in vitro differentiated cells. FL-BMDC and GM-BMDC were partially positive for CD4 and CD8. CD45RA was expressed on a subset of FL-BMDC but not on MoDC and GM-BMDC. MoDC and FL-DC responded well to TLR ligands including poly-IC (TLR2), Pam3Cys (TLR3), LPS (TLR4) and imiquimod (TLR7) by up-regulating MHC II and CD86. The generated DC and MΦ showed a stimulatory capacity for lymphocytes, which increased upon maturation with LPS. Taken together, our results are the basis for further characterization of canine DC subsets with respect to their role in inflammation and immune responses.
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Shahzad W, Ajuwape ATP, Rosenbusch RF. Global suppression of mitogen-activated ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by surface protein activity from Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 136:116-21. [PMID: 20189658 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is associated with chronic non-progressive pneumonia of sheep and goats. As with many other mycoplasmas involved in animal diseases, protective immune responses have not been achieved with vaccines, even though antibody responses can be obtained. This study focuses on characterizing the interaction of M. ovipneumoniae with ovine PBMC using carboxy-fluorescein-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE) loading and flow cytometry to measure lymphoid cell division. M. ovipneumoniae induced a strong in vitro polyclonal suppression of CD4(+), CD8(+), and B blood lymphocyte subsets. The suppressive activity could be destroyed by heating to 60 degrees C, and partially impaired by formalin and binary ethyleneimine treatment that abolished its viability. The activity resided on the surface-exposed membrane protein fraction of the mycoplasma, since mild trypsin treatment not affecting viability was shown to reduce suppressive activity. Trypsin-treated mycoplasma regained suppressive activity once the mycoplasma was allowed to re-synthesize its surface proteins. Implications for the design of vaccines against M. ovipneumoniae are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shahzad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, VMRI-5, 1802 University Boulevard, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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