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Ng TT, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA. Reproduction of Domestic Cats in Laboratories, Catteries, and Feral Colonies: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 55:100780. [PMID: 37225041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cat reproduction is important for research and commercial cat breeding operations, as well as the control of feral cat populations. This review describes studies examining reproductive performance in laboratory cats, privately-owned breeding cats, and feral cats, including sexual maturity, the estrous cycle (timing, behavior, and hormonal changes), seasonal effects, gestation length, parturition (litter size, litter weight, and parity effects), mortality, and stillbirth. Because the studies highlighted in this review vary in the location where they were conducted and the region's management practices, these factors should be considered depending on the goal of the reader when interpreting these data. Furthermore, standard practices were lacking in some earlier studies of cat reproduction, so they should be considered for historical context only and may not reflect the actual reproductive potential of cats as described in the new studies due to advancements in husbandry practices and nutrition. The objective of this manuscript is to review scientific studies examining reproductive performance in laboratory cats, privately-owned breeding cats, and feral cats. The data sources for this manuscript included original research publications and scientific reviews from the veterinary literature. All reviews or studies that augmented the knowledge of the reproduction of domestic cats in laboratories, catteries, and feral colonies were included. Most studies on laboratory cats have been conducted under the conditions of controlled light cycles, temperature, and diet. The environmental effects on reproductive behavior are subtler than those in feral cat studies, but the effects are still distinguishable. Cat breeding studies focus on genetic effects and rely heavily on surveys or questionnaires from cat breeders. However, the reliability of these data can be variable, in part because the methodology of record-keeping and other protocols are generally not reported. In addition, laboratory animal management standards, specific pathogen-free cat colonies, and nutritional requirements for cats were not fully established until the 1970s. Reproductive outcomes of earlier studies may not be a true representation of the modern cat due to more advanced, regulated husbandry practices, including improvements in nutrition, resulting in diets formulated to meet feline requirements for every life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theros T Ng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Andrea J Fascetti
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Davidow EB, Blois SL, Goy-Thollot I, Harris L, Humm K, Musulin S, Nash KJ, Odunayo A, Sharp CR, Spada E, Thomason J, Walton J, Wardrop KJ. Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS). Part 1: Definitions and clinical signs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:141-166. [PMID: 33792171 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use a systematic, evidence-based consensus process to develop definitions for transfusion reactions in dogs and cats. DESIGN Evidence evaluation of the literature was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. Reaction definitions were generated based on synthesis of human and veterinary literature. Consensus on the definitions was achieved through Delphi-style surveys. Draft recommendations were made available through industry specialty listservs and comments were incorporated. RESULTS Definitions with imputability criteria were developed for 14 types of transfusion reactions. CONCLUSIONS The evidence review and consensus process resulted in definitions that can be used to facilitate future veterinary transfusion reaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shauna L Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Musulin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katherine J Nash
- VetMED Emergency and Specialty Veterinary Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eva Spada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - John Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - K Jane Wardrop
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Kaye S, Wang W, Miller C, McLuckie A, Beatty JA, Grant CK, VandeWoude S, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Role of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Lymphomagenesis--Going Alone or Colluding? ILAR J 2017; 57:24-33. [PMID: 27034392 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally occurring lentivirus of domestic and nondomestic feline species. Infection in domestic cats leads to immune dysfunction via mechanisms similar to those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and, as such, is a valuable natural animal model for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. An association between FIV and an increased incidence of neoplasia has long been recognized, with frequencies of up to 20% in FIV-positive cats recorded in some studies. This is similar to the rate of neoplasia seen in HIV-positive individuals, and in both species neoplasia typically requires several years to arise. The most frequently reported type of neoplasia associated with FIV infection is lymphoma. Here we review the possible mechanisms involved in FIV lymphomagenesis, including the possible involvement of coinfections, notably those with gamma-herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kaye
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Craig Miller
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Alicia McLuckie
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Chris K Grant
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Sarah Kaye, BVSc, is a small animal clinician with the Animal Welfare League Qld Inc. in The Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Wenqi Wang, BVSc, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow affiliated with the School of Veterinary Science at University of Queensland at Gatton in Australia. Craig Miller, DVM, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University in FortCollins, Colorado. Alicia McLuckie, BVSc, is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia, Julia A. Beatty, BSc, BVetMed, PhD, FANZCVs (feline med), is a professor in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney in NSW, Australia. Chris K. Grant, PhD, DSc, is founder and CEO of Custom Monoclonals International Corp. in West Sacramento, California. Sue VandeWoude, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology at Colorado State University and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, DVM, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the School of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland at Gatton, an affiliate senior lecturer in the School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences at the University of Queensland at St. Lucia, and an investigator at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland in St. Lucia, Australia
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