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Mohammaddavoodi A, Christian M, Müller E, Panakova L, Burgener I, Wagner R. Prevalence of immunoglobulin E against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and the impact of a blocker in canine sera. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:272-277. [PMID: 34005830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1442-3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) cause multiple positive results in seasonal in vitro allergy tests. False positive/clinically irrelevant results have been identified due to the binding of immunoglobulin E against CCD (anti-CCD IgE) when testing for pollen allergens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polysensitised serum samples and evaluate the impact of a CCD inhibitor/blocker in seasonal allergy test results. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 4614 canine serum samples, submitted from July 2017 to June 2018 for seasonal in vitro allergy test via ELISA Fc-Ε receptor technology, were studied. Samples were grouped into polysensitised (group A) and non-polysensitised (group B). Polysensitised samples were retested after adding a modified glycoprotein plant extract (blocker). To determine the impact of the blocker for each allergen, results prior and post blocking were investigated in 96 randomly selected samples. RESULTS Polysensitisation to seasonal allergens was diagnosed in 818 (17.7 %) serum samples. The blocker eliminated the binding of anti-CCD IgE to allergen extracts (49 %) or suppressed the reaction classes (40 %) which are indicative of the presence of clinically relevant IgE. Negative reactions after blocking were less common when testing for antibodies against a mixture of 6-grass mix (29 %), rye (22 %), and sheep sorrel (20 %) in comparison to nettle (82 %), willow (70 %), birch-hazel (65 %), mugwort-ragweed (63 %) and English plantain (57 %). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Blocking should be used in the case of polysensitized results to improve the quality of seasonal in vitro allergy tests and avoid the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) for clinically irrelevant allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Christian
- Laboklin laboratory for clinical diagnostics GMBH & CO. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Müller
- Laboklin laboratory for clinical diagnostics GMBH & CO. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Burgener
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Baumann KN, Gedon NKY, Boehm TMSA, Udraite-Vovk L, Mueller RS. Reproducibility of serum testing for environmental allergen-specific IgE in dogs in Europe. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:251-e67. [PMID: 33686751 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum testing for allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E is commonly employed to identify allergens used for allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs, yet the reliability of results has been a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of serum tests for environmental allergen-specific IgE in three European laboratories. ANIMALS/METHODS Serum was obtained from 33 client-owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, divided into three aliquots and sent to the laboratories under different names. Two aliquots were sent simultaneously to one of the laboratories on the first day; the third sample was then sent to the same laboratory on the subsequent day. The laboratory for each patient was chosen according to a predetermined randomization list. The agreement between different samples from the same dog for each of the laboratories was calculated with a Cohen's Kappa test. Spearman's rank coefficients (rsp ) as well as the coefficients of variation (CV) additionally were calculated. RESULTS The intra- and interassay agreements for laboratories A, B and C were 0.79 and 0.75, 0.92 and 0.90, and 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The CVs were 18.92% and 22.95%, 14.43% and 18.79%, and 15.38% and 18.75% (respectively) and the rsp 0.73 and 0.68, 0.95 and 0.92, and 0.82 and 0.74 (respectively). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The differences in reproducibility between laboratories complicate test interpretation and underline the importance of interpreting results of serum testing for allergen-specific IgE in the context of the patient's clinical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja N Baumann
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Teresa M S A Boehm
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Udraite-Vovk
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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3
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Chermprapai S, Thengchaisri N. A descriptive study of allergen-specific IgE serological tests for canine atopic dermatitis in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:475. [PMID: 33287810 PMCID: PMC7720388 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes the usefulness of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) serology (ASIS) for identifying allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis. ASIS tests were conducted in 23 dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis for indoor allergens (yeast and mites), outdoor allergens (grass pollen, weed pollen, and tree pollen), and fleas. The relationship among positive ASIS tests were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Results Of the atopic dogs, 26.09%, 4.35%, and 47.83% had positive ASIS tests for only indoor allergens, only outdoor allergens, and both indoor and outdoor allergens, respectively. The prevalence of positive ASIS tests was highest for mites (69.57%) and did not differ between indoor and outdoor allergens by age, breed, or sex. The prevalence of positive ASIS tests for indoor allergens during the rainy season (84.21%) was significantly higher than during winter (25.00%, P-value = 0.030). The correlation coefficient of the ASIS results among the outdoor allergens indicated a strong correlation between grass and tree pollen (r = 0.840, P-value < 0.01), grass and weed pollen (r = 0.812, P-value < 0.01), and tree and weed pollen (r = 0.714, P-value < 0.01). The correlation coefficient of the ASIS results of D. farinae indicated a strong correlation with A. siro (r = 0.951, P-value < 0.01) and a moderate correlation with B. tropicalis (r = 0.656, P-value < 0.01) and T. putrescentie (r = 0.672, P-value < 0.01). Conclusions ASIS tests are useful in screening for multiple allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Dust mites are an important source of indoor allergens and may be responsible for a higher titer of IgE antibodies against indoor allergens during the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttiwee Chermprapai
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.,Dermatology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Mohammaddavoodi A, Panakova L, Christian M, Burgener I, Müller E, Wagner R. [Prevalance of immunoglobulin E against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) and impact of a blocker in seasonal allergy tests]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2020; 48:404-409. [PMID: 33276390 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) cause false positive/clinically irrelevant results in seasonal in vitro allergy tests due to the binding of immunoglobulin IgE against CCD (anti-CCD IgE).There is no study regarding the presence of this phenomen in cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polysensitization in serum samples and evaluate the impact of a CCD inhibitor/blocker in multi-positive seasonal allergy test results in cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 472 feline sera, submitted from July 2017 to June 2018 for seasonal in vitro allergy test via ELISA Fc-Ε receptor technology, were studied. Samples were grouped into polysensitized (group A) and non-polysensitized (group B). Polysensitized samples (A) were retested after adding a modified glycoprotein plants extract (blocker). To determine the impact of the blocking to each allergen, the results in 48 randomly selected samples in cats prior- and post-blocking were investigated. RESULTS Polysensitization to seasonal allergens was diagnosed in 137 (29 %) samples. No discrepancy in presence of polysensitization was seen in different seasons. Blocking eliminated the binding of anti-CCD IgE and produced either negative test results (49 %) or a decrease of 1-4 reaction classes (41 %) which is indicative of the simultaneous presence of clinically relevant allergen specific IgE. Total negative reactions after blocking were less common in 6-grass mix (31 %), rye (23 %) and sheep sorrel (25 %) in comparison to willow und birch-hazel (67 %), mugwort-ragweed und nettle (65 %), as well as English plantain (54 %). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In order to improve the quality of seasonal in vitro allergy test, blocking should be employed in cases of polysensitized results resulting in an avoidance of the administration of non-offending allergens during allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Klinik für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
| | | | - Iwan Burgener
- Klinik für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
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van Damme CMM, van den Broek J, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM. Discrepancies in the bilateral intradermal test and serum tests in atopic horses. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:390-e104. [PMID: 32743929 PMCID: PMC7589420 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In equine atopic patients intradermal testing (IDT) and immunoglobulin (Ig)E serology are used frequently. There is little evidence regarding the reproducibility of the IDT and IgE serology in horses. Objectives To compare the results of a simultaneously performed IDT on the left and right side of the neck in atopic horses, and to compare these results with allergen‐specific IgE serology. Animals Ten equine patients from a university hospital population with chronic urticaria and/or pruritus. Methods and materials The IDT was performed using 16 allergens and the results were evaluated after 30 min, 1, 4 and 24 h. Thirteen allergens also were analysed in duplicate with two monoclonal allergen‐specific IgE enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results Good agreement (Kappa > 0.6) between left and right IDT was found only for Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, birch pollen mixture and perennial rye at 30 min, birch pollen mixture at 1 h, and Acarus siro and nettle and common mugwort mixture at 4 h. The bilateral comparison of the other allergens and even the same allergens at other time points showed little or no concordance between left and right IDT. The interlaboratory comparison between both ELISAs, and the comparison between the ELISAs and IDT, showed a good agreement for two of 13 allergens: D. farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Conclusions and clinical importance Based on these preliminary data, IDT and IgE serological test results should be interpreted with great care and further studies are needed to indicate the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M M van Damme
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht NL, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht NL, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
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Carmona-Gil AM, Sánchez J, Maldonado-Estrada J. Evaluation of Skin Prick-Test Reactions for Allergic Sensitization in Dogs With Clinical Symptoms Compatible With Atopic Dermatitis. A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:448. [PMID: 31921909 PMCID: PMC6927991 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin prick-test is the first choice for the detection of type I hypersensitivity in human atopic dermatitis. Canine atopic dermatitis resembles several symptoms of the disease in the human counterpart. In canine atopic dermatitis, intradermal testing is the test of choice, and there are few reports on the use of skin prick test (SPT) in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate SPT reactions in atopic dogs and a healthy control group to 11 environmental allergens. Eleven glycerinated allergens were applied on the left lateral thorax of nine atopic dogs and nine healthy dogs. The skin was pricked with a feather lancet and evaluated for the positive percutaneous reaction at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after the application of the allergens. Data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test to test for normal distribution. Data that did not meet normality were analyzed by a one-sided Wilcoxon ranked sum test with a p-value of 0.05. Six out of 9 atopic dogs tested positive for at least one of the allergens tested. None of the dogs in the control group showed a positive reaction to the allergens included in the test. Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farine, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus exhibited the highest reaction rate among the group of atopic dogs. There was not a statistical difference in the histamine reaction (positive control) between both groups. In this set of dogs, the test exhibited a 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 66%. The use of skin prick-test in the detection of causative allergens of human atopic dermatitis has proved to be a sensitive and specific tool frequently used by human allergists. Due to the number of similarities in canine and human atopic dermatitis, this could be a valuable tool that needs intensive research in veterinary medicine. The published research so far correlates to the results obtained in this investigation. However, future studies evaluating the concordance between in vitro specific IgE antibody assays and SPT must be carried out simultaneously to validate the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carmona-Gil
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Group, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Centro de Dermatología Veterinaria DermaVet, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Grupo de Alergología Clínica y Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, IPS Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research and Development Group, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Zhou Z, Pieper JB, Campbell K. Intralaboratory Reliability and Variability for Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin Type E Serology Testing. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55:124-129. [PMID: 30870613 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a very common condition affecting dogs and often managed with allergen-specific immunotherapy, which requires accurate identification of causative allergens. Serology testing is used commonly. Serum was collected from 35 atopic dogs and separated into three samples each (1, 2, and 3). Samples 1 and 2 were sent to IDEXX Laboratories the same day; sample 3 was stored at -80°C and submitted ∼30 days later. Specific immunoglobulin type E reactivity to various allergens were determined using monoclonal anti-canine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and expressed as ELISA absorbance units. Percent difference ranged from 14.30 to 127.34% for samples 1 and 2. These values increased when comparing samples a month apart (21.78 to 129.65%). Between samples 1 and 2, for each allergen there were differences in interpretation 15.18% of the time; 32 of 35 dogs (91.4%) had at least one allergen with a different interpretation. Comparing sample 3 and the average of samples 1 and 2, differences in interpretation increased to 22.32%; all dogs had at least one allergen that was interpreted differently. These differences in interpretation can alter immunotherapy. Overall, results show the need for better reliability for allergen-specific immunoglobulin type E serology testing using monoclonal anti-canine ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Zhou
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (Z.Z., J.B.P.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (K.C.)
| | - Jason B Pieper
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (Z.Z., J.B.P.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (K.C.)
| | - Karen Campbell
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (Z.Z., J.B.P.); and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (K.C.)
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9
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Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 30323921 PMCID: PMC6172809 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Katharina Yvonne Gedon
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Steffen Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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10
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Plant JD, Neradilek MB. Effectiveness of regionally-specific immunotherapy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:4. [PMID: 28056956 PMCID: PMC5216569 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis is a common pruritic skin disease often treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT in dogs traditionally begins with attempting to identify clinically relevant environmental allergens. Current allergen testing methodologies and immunotherapy techniques in dogs are not standardized. Immunotherapy with a mixture of allergenic extracts selected based on regional aerobiology rather than intradermal tests or serum IgE assays has been described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regionally-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. The medical records of a veterinary dermatology referral clinic were searched for dogs with atopic dermatitis that began regionally-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy from June, 2010 to May, 2013. An overall assessment of treatment effectiveness (excellent, good, fair, or poor) was assigned based upon changes in pruritus severity, lesion severity, and the reduction in concurrent medication(s) during a follow-up period of at least 270 days. Baseline characteristics that might predict treatment success were analyzed with the Spearman’s correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Of the 286 dogs that began regionally-specific immunotherapy (RESPIT) during a 3 year period, 103 met the inclusion criteria. The overall response to RESPIT was classified as excellent in 19%, good in 38%, fair in 25%, and poor in 18% of dogs. The response classification correlated significantly with a reduction in pruritus severity (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and lesion severity (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), but not with the dogs’ baseline characteristics. Adverse reactions were reported in 7/286 (2.4%) of treated dogs. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, RESPIT was safe and effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Plant
- SkinVet Clinic, 15800 Upper Boones Ferry Road, Suite 120, Lake Oswego, 97035, OR, USA.
| | - Moni B Neradilek
- The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics, 1827 23rd Avenue East, Seattle, 98112, WA, USA
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12
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Lee KW, Blankenship K, McKinney B, Kern G, Buch J, Greenwood J, Brazis P, Drouet L, Tambone C, Faas R, Weaver G. Proficiency monitoring of monoclonal antibody cocktail–based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:461-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715587547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to document the continued comparative proficiency of different laboratories that perform a monoclonal antibody–based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (macELISA) for detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E in dogs. Replicate samples of 18 different sera pools were independently evaluated in a single blinded fashion by each of 16 different operators functioning in 10 different laboratories. The average intra-assay variance among reactive assay calibrators in all laboratories was 6.0% (range: 2.7–16.1%), while the average intralaboratory interassay variance was 7.5% (range: 3.9–10.9%). The overall interassay interlaboratory variance was consistent among laboratories and averaged 11.4% (range: 8.5–12.5%). All laboratories yielded similar profiles and magnitudes of responses for replicate unknown samples; dose response profiles observed in each of the laboratories were indistinguishable. Considering the positive or negative results, interassay interlaboratory concordance of results exceeded 90%. Correlation of optical density values between and among all laboratories was strong ( r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Collectively, the results demonstrated that the macELISA for measuring allergen-specific canine IgE is reproducible, and documents that consistency of results can be achieved not only in an individual laboratory by differing operators but also among laboratories using the same monoclonal-based ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Lee
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Karen Blankenship
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Brennan McKinney
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Gerhard Kern
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Jesse Buch
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Janice Greenwood
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Pilar Brazis
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Laurent Drouet
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Cecilia Tambone
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Rebecca Faas
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Gareth Weaver
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Bizikova P, Eisenschenk MNC, Santoro D, Nuttall T, Marsella R. Review: The role of antibodies, autoantigens and food allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:115-e30. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | | | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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14
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Hardy JI, Hendricks A, Loeffler A, Chang YM, Verheyen KL, Garden OA, Bond R. Food-specific serum IgE and IgG reactivity in dogs with and without skin disease: lack of correlation between laboratories. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:447-e70. [PMID: 24890097 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite conflicting data on their utility and no reports on interlaboratory reproducibility, serum food-specific antibodies are commonly assayed in first-opinion canine practice. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine both the variability of test results between two laboratories and the frequencies and magnitudes of food reactivity in dogs of different disease status. ANIMALS Sera were obtained from eight dogs with cutaneous adverse food reaction (Group A), 22 with nonfood-induced atopic dermatitis (Group B), 30 with an allergic/inflammatory phenotype (Group C), 12 with miscellaneous skin diseases (Group D) and nine healthy dogs (Group E). METHODS Paired sera were submitted to two laboratories (A and B) for assays of food-specific IgE and IgG antibodies. RESULTS Numbers of positive IgE and IgG tests determined by each laboratory in Groups A, B, D and E were comparable (Group C not included). Significant differences in the magnitude of IgE reactivity between groups for each allergen were seen only for lamb (Laboratory A, P = 0.003); lamb reactivity in Group D exceeded Group E (P = 0.004) but was comparable between all other groups. Agreement (kappa statistic) between the two laboratories' tests was 'moderate' for one antigen (potato IgE), 'fair' for four (corn IgE, rice IgE and IgG and soya bean IgG), 'slight' for eight (six IgE and two IgG) and 'less than chance' for the remaining six antigens (three IgE and three IgG). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These laboratories' tests appear to have dubious predictive clinical utility because they neither correlate nor distinguish between dogs of different disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Hardy
- Department of Clinical Science and Services and, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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15
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Plant JD, Neradelik MB, Polissar NL, Fadok VA, Scott BA. Agreement between allergen-specific IgE assays and ensuing immunotherapy recommendations from four commercial laboratories in the USA. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:15-e6. [PMID: 24461034 PMCID: PMC4209119 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine allergen-specific IgE assays in the USA are not subjected to an independent laboratory reliability monitoring programme. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of diagnostic results and treatment recommendations of four serum IgE assays commercially available in the USA. METHODS Replicate serum samples from 10 atopic dogs were submitted to each of four laboratories for allergen-specific IgE assays (ACTT(®) , VARL Liquid Gold, ALLERCEPT(®) and Greer(®) Aller-g-complete(®) ). The interlaboratory agreement of standard, regional panels and ensuing treatment recommendations were analysed with the kappa statistic (κ) to account for agreement that might occur merely by chance. Six comparisons of pairs of laboratories and overall agreement among laboratories were analysed for ungrouped allergens (as tested) and also with allergens grouped according to reported cross-reactivity and taxonomy. RESULTS The overall chance-corrected agreement of the positive/negative test results for ungrouped and grouped allergens was slight (κ = 0.14 and 0.13, respectively). Subset analysis of the laboratory pair with the highest level of diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.36) found slight agreement (κ = 0.13) for ungrouped plants and fungi, but substantial agreement (κ = 0.71) for ungrouped mites. The overall agreement of the treatment recommendations was slight (κ = 0.11). Altogether, 85.1% of ungrouped allergen treatment recommendations were unique to one laboratory or another. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our study indicated that the choice of IgE assay may have a major influence on the positive/negative results and ensuing treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Plant
- SkinVet Clinic, 15800 SW Upper Boones Ferry Road, Suite 120, Lake Oswego, OR, 97035, USA
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16
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Olivry T, Saridomichelakis M. Evidence-based guidelines for anti-allergic drug withdrawal times before allergen-specific intradermal and IgE serological tests in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:225-e49. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manolis Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; Trikalon 224; GR-43100; Karditsa; Greece
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17
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Comparison of Skin Prick Tests with In Vitro Allergy Tests in the Characterization of Horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Lee KW, Blankenship KD, McCurry ZM, McKinney B, Ruffner R, Esch RE, Tambone C, Faas R, Hermes D, Brazis P, Drouet L. Intra and inter-laboratory reproducibility of a monoclonal antibody cocktail based ELISA for detection of allergen specific IgE in dogs: proficiency monitoring of macELISA in six laboratories. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:267-75. [PMID: 22682231 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of results yielded using a monoclonal antibody based ELISA for detection of allergen specific IgE when run in six separate affiliated laboratories. On two separate occasions, duplicate samples of 15 different sera pools were independently evaluated by each laboratory in a single blinded fashion. The average intra-assay variance among reactive assay calibrators in all laboratories was 6.2% (range 2.6-18.2%), while the average intra-laboratory inter-assay variance was 12.1% (range 8.0-17.1%). The overall inter-assay inter-laboratory variance was consistent among laboratories and averaged 15.6% (range 15.1-16.6%). All laboratories yielded similar profiles and magnitudes of responses for replicate unknown samples; dose-response profiles observed in each of the laboratories were indistinguishable. Considering positive/negative results, inter-assay inter-laboratory concordance of results exceeded 95%. Correlation of OD values between and among all laboratories was strong (r>0.9, p<0.001). Correlation of OD values between the two separate evaluations was also high for all allergens except olive, which was attributed to lot-to-lot differences of allergen coated wells. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody based ELISA for measuring allergen specific canine IgE is reproducible, and documents that consistency of results can be achieved not only in an individual laboratory, but between laboratories using the same monoclonal-based ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Lee
- Greer Laboratories Inc., 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC 28645, USA.
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19
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Roque JB, O'Leary CA, Kyaw-Tanner M, Latter M, Mason K, Shipstone M, Vogelnest L, Duffy D. High allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E levels in nonatopic West Highland white terriers. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:257-66. [PMID: 21265887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human and canine atopic dermatitis (AD) share an association with IgE specific to environmental allergens, but few studies have evaluated serum allergen-specific IgE in nonatopic dogs. This study compared serum allergen-specific IgE levels in 30 atopic and 18 nonatopic West Highland white terriers. Atopic dermatitis was confirmed using standard criteria. Nonatopic dogs were over 5 years of age and had no clinical signs or history of AD. Serum allergen-specific IgE levels were measured with Allercept(®) IgE ELISAs using a 48-allergen Australian panel. Positive reactions were defined as ≥150 ELISA absorbance units. Intradermal tests were performed in 16 atopic dogs, either at the time of or at various times prior to serum collection. In atopic dogs, the most common positive ELISA and intradermal test results were to Dermatophagoides farinae (11 of 30 dogs), but there were no statistically significant correlations between results from the two methods for any allergen. In nonatopic dogs, multiple high-positive ELISA reactions were reported to 45 of 48 allergens, most commonly D. farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (17 of 18 dogs each). Positive ELISA results in nonatopic dogs were statistically significantly higher than those in atopic dogs for 44 of 48 allergens, including two allergens (D. farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) commonly regarded as significant in canine AD. In conclusion, positive allergen-specific IgE ELISAs were not specific for canine AD, and high allergen-specific IgE levels were seen in nonatopic dogs. The clinical significance of this and whether it characterizes a protective phenotype is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Roque
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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