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Boettcher AN, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Tuggle CK. Swine models for translational oncological research: an evolving landscape and regulatory considerations. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:230-240. [PMID: 34476572 PMCID: PMC8888764 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Swine biomedical models have been gaining in popularity over the last decade, particularly for applications in oncology research. Swine models for cancer research include pigs that have severe combined immunodeficiency for xenotransplantation studies, genetically modified swine models which are capable of developing tumors in vivo, as well as normal immunocompetent pigs. In recent years, there has been a low success rate for the approval of new oncological therapeutics in clinical trials. The two leading reasons for these failures are either due to toxicity and safety issues or lack of efficacy. As all therapeutics must be tested within animal models prior to clinical testing, there are opportunities to expand the ability to assess efficacy and toxicity profiles within the preclinical testing phases of new therapeutics. Most preclinical in vivo testing is performed in mice, canines, and non-human primates. However, swine models are an alternative large animal model for cancer research with similarity to human size, genetics, and physiology. Additionally, tumorigenesis pathways are similar between human and pigs in that similar driver mutations are required for transformation. Due to their larger size, the development of orthotopic tumors is easier than in smaller rodent models; additionally, porcine models can be harnessed for testing of new interventional devices and radiological/surgical approaches as well. Taken together, swine are a feasible option for preclinical therapeutic and device testing. The goals of this resource are to provide a broad overview on regulatory processes required for new therapeutics and devices for use in the clinic, cross-species differences in oncological therapeutic responses, as well as to provide an overview of swine oncology models that have been developed that could be used for preclinical testing to fulfill regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Animal Sciences, Illinois, United States
| | - Christopher K Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Takawira C, Arsuaga-Zorrilla CB, Wilson L, Taguchi T, Dietrich MA, Stout RW, Lopez MJ. Association of Chronic Myelogenous (Basophilic) Leukemia and the BCR/ABL Mutation in a Yucatan Barrow ( Sus scrofa domestica). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575199. [PMID: 33251261 PMCID: PMC7674400 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal proliferative disorder of the myeloid, megakaryocyte, and erythroid lineages. The onset and subsequent progression of CML is well-described in humans. There is comparably little information surrounding CML progression in veterinary species, including Yucatan miniature swine that are common for preclinical pharmaceutical and device testing. In humans, more than 90% of CML cases are associated with a chromosomal translocation that results in the Philadelphia gene (BCR/ABL mutation). In this report, the presence of the Philadelphia gene in a Yucatan burrow was confirmed in white blood cells collected prior to onset of clinical signs with primers designed from the human BCR/ABL sequence. Case Presentation: A 24 month old, 70 kg, Yucatan barrow received a prefabricated bovine cortical bone xenograft following a unilateral zygomatic ostectomy for a preclinical study. Complete blood count and serum chemistries were performed prior to and 28, 53, 106, and 129 days after facial surgery. Fifty three days after surgery, a bone marrow biopsy was performed due to anorexia, severe basophilia, and mild anemia. A finding of a moderate increase in basophilic precursors in bone marrow cytology was followed by lymphocyte immunophenotyping via flow cytometry and RT-PCR amplification of the Philadelphia gene in white blood cell samples from the affected barrow and an unaffected barrow in the same treatment group. Bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and adrenal gland lesions of mostly myeloblasts were identified after the affected barrow died 146 days after surgery. Flow cytometry confirmed lymphopenia and suggested basophilia, and RT-PCR established the presence of the BCR/ABL gene. Conclusions: The information in this report confirms the presence of the BCR/ABL mutation and documents progression of chronic myelogenous (basophilic) leukemia from a chronic phase to a terminal blast crisis in an adult Yucatan barrow. The natural occurrence and progression of CML associated with the BCR/ABL mutation in miniature swine establishes potential for future porcine models of human CML. The information also establishes a genetic test to confirm porcine CML to prevent inadvertent attribution of clinical signs to treatment complications during preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Takawira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Carmen B Arsuaga-Zorrilla
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Takashi Taguchi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Marilyn A Dietrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rhett W Stout
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Development of transplantable B-cell lymphomas in the MHC-defined miniature swine model. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:236. [PMID: 31516393 PMCID: PMC6734256 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Establishment of transplantable tumors in clinically relevant large animals allows translational studies of novel cancer therapeutics. Methods Here we describe the establishment, characterization, and serial transplantation of a naturally occurring B-cell lymphoma derived from a unique, highly inbred sub-line of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-defined miniature swine. Results The lymphoblastic cell line (LCL) originated from peripheral blood of a 2.5 year old female swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)dd-inbred miniature swine breeder demonstrating clinical signs of malignancy. Flow cytometric phenotypic analysis of subclones derived from the original cell line revealed surface markers commonly expressed in a B-cell lineage neoplasm. A subclone of the original LCL was transplanted into mildly-conditioned histocompatible miniature swine and immunocompromised NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Tissue and blood samples harvested 2 weeks following subcutaneous and intravenous injection in a highly inbred SLAdd pig were cultured for tumor growth and phenotypic analysis before serial transfer into NSG mice. Evidence of tumor growth in vivo was found in all tumor cell recipients. In vitro growth characteristics and surface phenotype were comparable between the original and serially transplanted tumor cell lines. Conclusions These results indicate the feasibility of developing a large-animal transplantable tumor model using cells derived from spontaneously occurring hematologic malignancies within the highly inbred miniature swine herd.
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Duran-Struuck R, Huang CA, Matar AJ. Cellular Therapies for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies; Swine Are an Ideal Preclinical Model. Front Oncol 2019; 9:418. [PMID: 31293961 PMCID: PMC6598443 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of clinically relevant large animal tumor models has historically forced experimental cellular therapies for hematological malignancies to translate directly from murine models to clinical trials. However, recent advances highlight swine as an ideal large animal model to demonstrate the safety of murine proof of concept studies prior to their implementation clinically. The availability of the MHC defined MGH miniature swine herd has been key for the development of novel approaches for hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation. New spontaneously arising hematological malignancies in these swine, specifically myeloid leukemias and B cell lymphomas, resemble human malignancies, which has allowed for development of immortalized tumor cell lines and has implications for the development of a large animal transplantable tumor model. The novel development of a SCID swine model has further advanced the field of large animal cancer models, allowing for engraftment of human tumor cells in a large animal model. Here, we will highlight the advantages of the swine pre-clinical model for the study of hematological malignancies. Further, we will discuss our experience utilizing spontaneously arising tumors in MGH swine to create a transplantable tumor model, describe the potential of the immunodeficient swine model, and highlight several novel cellular and biological therapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies in swine as a large animal pre-clinical bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christene A Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Abraham J Matar
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Schenk M, Matar AJ, Hanekamp I, Hawley RJ, Huang CA, Duran-Struuck R. Development of a Transplantable GFP+ B-Cell Lymphoma Tumor Cell Line From MHC-Defined Miniature Swine: Potential for a Large Animal Tumor Model. Front Oncol 2019; 9:209. [PMID: 31001475 PMCID: PMC6454861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of a reliable and reproducible large animal tumor model for the study of hemolymphatic malignancies limits the ability to explore the underlying pathophysiology and testing of novel therapies. The goal of this study was to develop an aggressive, trackable swine tumor cell line in mice for adoptive transfer into MHC matched swine. Two tumor cell lines, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) 13271 and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) 14736, were previously established from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) miniature swine herd. PTLD 13271 is a swine B-cell lymphoma line originating from an animal that developed PTLD following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), while CML 14736 was generated from a swine that spontaneously developed CML. In order to select for aggressive tumor variants, both lines were passage into NOD/SCID IL-2 receptor γ−/− (NSG) mice. Tumor induced mortality in mice injected with CML14736 was 68% while 100% of mice injected with PTLD 13271 succumbed to PTLD by day 70. Based on aggressiveness, PTLD 13271 was selected for further development and re-passage into NSG mice resulting in increased tumor burden and metastasis. Transduction of the PTLD 13271 cell line with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing lentivirus facilitated tumor tracking when re-passaged in mice. Utilizing a tolerance induction strategy, GFP+ tumors were injected into an MHC matched miniature swine and successfully followed via flow cytometry for 48 h in circulation, although tumor engraftment was not observed. In summary, we report the development of an aggressive GFP+B-cell lymphoma cell line which has the potential for facilitating development of a large animal tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Schenk
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Abraham J Matar
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Isabel Hanekamp
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Robert J Hawley
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Christene A Huang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Callesen MM, Árnadóttir SS, Lyskjaer I, Ørntoft MBW, Høyer S, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Liu Y, Li R, Callesen H, Rasmussen MH, Berthelsen MF, Thomsen MK, Schweiger PJ, Jensen KB, Laurberg S, Ørntoft TF, Elverløv-Jakobsen JE, Andersen CL. A genetically inducible porcine model of intestinal cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1616-1629. [PMID: 28881081 PMCID: PMC5664002 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic porcine cancer models bring novel possibilities for research. Their physical similarities with humans enable the use of surgical procedures and treatment approaches used for patients, which facilitates clinical translation. Here, we aimed to develop an inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer. Transgenic (TG) minipigs were generated using somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. The pigs encode two TG cassettes: (a) an Flp recombinase‐inducible oncogene cassette containing KRAS‐G12D, cMYC, SV40LT – which inhibits p53 – and pRB and (b) a 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4‐OHT)‐inducible Flp recombinase activator cassette controlled by the intestinal epithelium‐specific villin promoter. Thirteen viable transgenic minipigs were born. The ability of 4‐OHT to activate the oncogene cassette was confirmed in vitro in TG colonic organoids and ex vivo in tissue biopsies obtained by colonoscopy. In order to provide proof of principle that the oncogene cassette could also successfully be activated in vivo, three pigs were perorally treated with 400 mg tamoxifen for 2 × 5 days. After two months, one pig developed a duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with a lymph node metastasis. Molecular analysis of the carcinoma and metastasis confirmed activation of the oncogene cassette. No tumor formation was observed in untreated TG pigs or in the remaining two treated pigs. The latter indicates that tamoxifen delivery can probably be improved. In summary, we have generated a novel inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer, which has the ability to form metastatic disease already two months after induction. The model may be helpful in bridging the gap between basic research and clinical usage. It opens new venues for longitudinal studies of tumor development and evolution, for preclinical assessment of new anticancer regimens, for pharmacology and toxicology assessments, as well as for studies into biological mechanisms of tumor formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M Callesen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Iben Lyskjaer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Mads H Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Pawel J Schweiger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Laurberg
- Surgical Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Torben F Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Claus L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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7
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Duran-Struuck R, Matar AJ, Huang CA. Myeloid Leukemias and Virally Induced Lymphomas in Miniature Inbred Swine: Development of a Large Animal Tumor Model. Front Genet 2015; 6:332. [PMID: 26635868 PMCID: PMC4653297 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of a large animal transplantable tumor model has limited the study of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liquid cancers. Swine as a species provide a natural option based on their similarities with humans and their already extensive use in biomedical research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital miniature swine herd retains unique genetic characteristics that facilitate the study of hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation. Spontaneously arising liquid cancers in these swine, specifically myeloid leukemias and B cell lymphomas, closely resemble human malignancies. The ability to establish aggressive tumor cell lines in vitro from these naturally occurring malignancies makes a transplantable tumor model a close reality. Here, we discuss our experience with myeloid and lymphoid tumors in major histocompatibility characterized miniature swine and future approaches regarding the development of a large animal transplantable tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Abraham J Matar
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando FL, USA
| | - Christene A Huang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
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8
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Duran-Struuck R, Huang CA, Orf K, Bronson RT, Sachs DH, Spitzer TR. Miniature Swine as a Clinically Relevant Model of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Comp Med 2015; 65:429-443. [PMID: 26473348 PMCID: PMC4617335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Miniature swine provide a preclinical model of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for studies of graft-versus-host disease. HCT between MHC-matched or -mismatched pigs can be performed to mimic clinical scenarios with outcomes that closely resemble those observed in human HCT recipients. With myeloablative conditioning, HCT across MHC barriers is typically fatal, with pigs developing severe (grade III or IV) GVHD involving the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Unlike rodent models, miniature swine provide an opportunity to perform extended longitudinal studies on individual animals, because multiple tissue biopsies can be harvested without the need for euthanasia. In addition, we have developed a swine GVHD scoring system that parallels that used in the human clinical setting. Given the similarities of GVHD in pigs and humans, we hope that the use of this scoring system facilitates clinical and scientific discourse between the laboratory and the clinic. We anticipate that results of swine studies will support the development of new strategies to improve the identification and treatment of GVHD in clinical HCT scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Christene A Huang
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Orf
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David H Sachs
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas R Spitzer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Matar AJ, Patil AR, Al-Musa A, Hanekamp I, Sachs DH, Huang CA, Duran-Struuck R. Effect of Irradiation on Incidence of Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Miniature Swine. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Basel MT, Balivada S, Beck AP, Kerrigan MA, Pyle MM, Dekkers JCM, Wyatt CR, Rowland RRR, Anderson DE, Bossmann SH, Troyer DL. Human xenografts are not rejected in a naturally occurring immunodeficient porcine line: a human tumor model in pigs. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:63-8. [PMID: 23514746 PMCID: PMC3559234 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.9902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for cancer therapy are invaluable for preclinical testing of potential cancer treatments; however, therapies tested in such models often fail to translate into clinical settings. Therefore, a better preclinical model for cancer treatment testing is needed. Here we demonstrate that an immunodeficient line of pigs can host and support the growth of xenografted human tumors and has the potential to be an effective animal model for cancer therapy. Wild-type and immunodeficient pigs were injected subcutaneously in the left ear with human melanoma cells (A375SM cells) and in the right ear with human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1). All immunodeficient pigs developed tumors that were verified by histology and immunohistochemistry. Nonaffected littermates did not develop tumors. Immunodeficient pigs, which do not reject xenografted human tumors, have the potential to become an extremely useful animal model for cancer therapy because of their similarity in size, anatomy, and physiology to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Basel
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Matar AJ, Crepeau RL, Pathiraja V, Robson S, Fishman JA, Spitzer TR, Sachs DH, Huang CA, Duran-Struuck R. Effects of mobilization regimens in donors on outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation in miniature Swine. Comp Med 2012; 62:487-494. [PMID: 23561882 PMCID: PMC3527753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities and complications associated with hematopoietic cell transplantation currently limit this potentially curative therapy for malignant and nonmalignant blood disorders. Miniature swine provide a clinically relevant model for studies to improve posttransplantation outcomes. Miniature swine recipients of high-dose haploidentical hepatopoietic cell transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning consisting of low-dose (100 cGy) total-body irradiation, partial T-cell depletion by using a CD3 immunotoxin, and a 45-d course of cyclosporine A typically successfully engraft without graft-versus-host disease. We recently observed broad variability in engraftment outcomes that correlates with the occurrence of adverse reactions in donors after cytokine treatment to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood for collection. Haploidentical recipients (n = 16) of cells from donors remaining healthy during cytokine treatment engrafted with multilineage chimerism, did not develop graft-versus-host disease, and did not require any blood products. In comparison, identically conditioned recipients of cells from donors that had severe reactions during cytokine treatment had adverse outcomes, including the development of clinically significant thrombocytopenia requiring blood product support in 8 of 11 swine. Furthermore, all 11 recipients lost peripheral blood myeloid chimerism (indicating lack of engraftment of donor stem cells). These data suggest that posttransplantation complications in swine are influenced by the health status of the donor before and during the collection of hematopoietic cells by leukapheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Robson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay A Fishman
- Infectious Disease Division, and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
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12
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Porcine MHC classical class I genes are coordinately expressed in superantigen-activated mononuclear cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:252-9. [PMID: 22640570 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classical class I genes is important for the adaptive immune response to target virus-infected cells and cancer cells. The up-regulation of the MHC is achieved by hormonal/cytokine signals including IFN-γ-inducible elements. The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), the MHC class I region of pigs, consists of the duplicated classical class I genes, SLA-1, SLA-2 and SLA-3, but the molecular mechanisms involved in their up-regulation after T cell stimulation have not been fully elucidated. In order to better understand some of the putative regulatory mechanisms of SLA class I gene expression in activated T cells, we examined the coordinated expression of the SLA classical class I, IFN-γ and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) genes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLA homozygous Clawn miniature swine stimulated for 72 h with either IFN-γ or an enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. This enterotoxin, toxic shock syndrome-1 (TSST-1), is known to act as a superantigen (sAG) to activate the T cells in various vertebrate species. We showed by using mAbs and flow cytometry that the CD4(+)CD25(+) cell number of swine PBMCs was also increased by TSST-1 and to a lesser degree by IFN-γ. Time course analyses of the expression of the IFN-γ, IRF-1 and the three classical class I genes, SLA-1, SLA-2, and SLA-3, in PBMCs by quantitative real-time PCR revealed a transitory response to TSST-1 or IFN-γ stimulation. The IFN-γ mRNA levels in the PBMCs were continuously up-regulated over the first 48 h by TSST-1 or IFN-γ. In contrast, SLA class I expression moderately increased at 24h and then decreased to a baseline level or less at 72 h of IFN-γ or TSST-1 stimulation. The three classical SLA class I genes showed similar expression kinetics, although SLA-3 mRNA level was consistently lower than those of SLA-1 and -2. The expression of IRF-1, a modulator of SLA expression, showed similar kinetics to those of the three classical SLA class I genes. The expression profiles detected by flow cytometry of the SLA molecules on the cell surface of PBMCs were maintained at a consistently high level during cell stimulation with either TSST-1 or IFN-γ, which was distinct from the kinetics of mRNA expression. These results showed that miniature swine SLA class I mRNA expression was effectively and equally up-regulated among the three loci and coordinately with IRF-1 gene expression after stimulation of T cell activation by sAG or IFN-γ.
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