1
|
Arrigucci R, Patterson A, Dube P. OMIP-107: 8-color whole blood immunophenotyping panel for the characterization and quantification of lymphocyte subsets and monocytes in swine. Cytometry A 2024. [PMID: 39269192 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We developed this whole blood immunophenotyping panel with the aim to monitor and quantify major lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ αβ T cells, γδ-T cells, B and NK cells) and monocytes in pigs. The panel involved the use of commercially available reagents, avoiding secondary antibody staining or in-house antibody conjugations, with the aim to make the assay accessible and reproducible across laboratories. The assay is accurate, robust and represents a useful tool for immune monitoring of swine in the pharmacology and toxicology fields, or to monitor the immune status in response to vaccination and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby Patterson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Peter Dube
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mucksová J, Borošová G, Blazsek M, Kalina J, Minaříková L, Svobodová Z. Physicochemical Characterization of the Oral Biotherapeutic Drug IMUNOR ®. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1114. [PMID: 39338279 PMCID: PMC11434701 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
IMUNOR is an oral biotherapeutic drug that had been developed, registered, and approved in 1997 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. IMUNOR is a dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) prepared from swine leukocytes. It is characterized as a mixture of small peptides with molecular weights smaller than 12 kDa and a specific portion of nucleotides. The medical uses of IMUNOR include therapeutic applications within its registered range of indications, primarily for the treatment of immunodeficiencies, allergies, and certain acute or relapsing bacterial infections in adults and children. Despite the long-term clinical application of DLE, with strong evidence of positive therapeutic effects and no serious side effects, a detailed physicochemical specification of this mixture was lacking. We developed several methods for more in-depth physicochemical characterization of IMUNOR, including a spectrophotometric method for quantification of the total protein concentration and total DNA concentration in a mixture, several chromatographic methods for identification of individual components present in significant concentrations in IMUNOR, such as HPLC methods and the Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis method, and characterization of amino acid composition of this mixture. For the investigation of the variability among different batches of IMUNOR, five to nine representative batches from a standard manufacturing process on an industrial scale were utilized. Using the analytical methods, we verified and confirmed the batch-to-batch reproducibility of the biological product IMUNOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Mucksová
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří 90, 254 01 Chotouň, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriela Borošová
- ImunomedicA a.s., Chuderov118, 400 02 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Miloš Blazsek
- Hameln rds s.r.o., Horná 36, 900 01 Modra, Slovakia;
| | - Jiří Kalina
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří 90, 254 01 Chotouň, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucie Minaříková
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří 90, 254 01 Chotouň, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Zdeňka Svobodová
- ImunomedicA a.s., Chuderov118, 400 02 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawasaki K, Zhao J, Takao N, Sato M, Ban T, Tamamaki K, Kagami M, Yano K. Sustenance Trial to Analyze the Effects of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal on the Reproductive Efficiency of Sows and the Hematological Properties of Suckling and Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3410. [PMID: 37958165 PMCID: PMC10647472 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating demand for meat, driven by global population growth, necessitates sustainable solutions for animal feed production. This study investigated the effects of substituting conventional protein resources in sow and piglet dietary regimens with black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) meal on reproductive efficiency, blood profile, piglet growth, and intestinal tissue morphology. The results indicate that substituting animal-derived and soy proteins with BSF meal does not compromise sow reproductive performance. Although no notable disparities were observed in piglet growth, the feed conversion ratio from the 28- to 35-day age marks were lower in the BSF-fed groups. This suggests that the animal protein-BSF substitution rate may require optimization, potentially involving chitin removal from BSF meal to enhance digestibility. Minor variations in the hematological composition and properties in piglets, with elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high BSF group at the 28-day mark, were potentially attributable to the unique fatty acid composition of BSF meal. Moreover, this study potentiates future exploration into the efficacy of complete animal protein substitution with BSF meals on piglet nutrition and physiology, particularly in fattening pigs. The practical implementation of BSF meals in animal feed production holds promise for enhancing the sustainability of the swine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Natsu Takao
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Takuma Ban
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kaoru Tamamaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Masanori Kagami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (J.Z.)
| | - Kiminobu Yano
- University Farm, Kagawa University, Showa 300-2, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2304, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cha B, Kim H, Truong VG, Oh SJ, Jeong S, Kang HW. Feasibility Study on Endoscopic Balloon-Assisted Laser Treatment (EBLT) of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in In Vivo Porcine Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1656. [PMID: 37371751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been growing globally, with an increasing burden on the healthcare system due to multiple factors, such as aging and obesity. The current study evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic balloon-assisted laser treatment (EBLT) in a porcine model. GERD was initially developed in three animals via botulinum toxin injection into lower esophageal sphincter (LES). A week after the injection, the EBLT was performed on the GERD-developed models (control = 1 vs. treated = 2). A dose of 30 W of 980 nm laser light was endoscopically applied for 90 s to the LES. Both endoscopic ultrasound and manometry were performed before and after the EBLT. After 12 weeks, esophageal tissues were extracted and prepared for histological analysis. The maximum mucosa temperature was below 50 °C during the EBLT. Compared to control, the treated group yielded thicker and shorter LES muscle layers and maintained LES pressure. Through histology, the EBLT reinforced the muscularis layer with preserved mucosa and mild remodeling of the intermuscular collagen in the LES. The current study demonstrated the feasibility of EBLT as a new endoscopic approach for GERD. Further studies will examine the EBLT in a larger number of animals to warrant efficacy and safety for clinical translations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boram Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- TeCure, Inc., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun-Ju Oh
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- TeCure, Inc., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and MarineIntegrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Butylina M, Föger-Samwald U, Gelles K, Pietschmann P, Sipos W. Challenges in establishing animal models for studying osteoimmunology of hypoparathyroidism. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1163903. [PMID: 37180074 PMCID: PMC10169642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1163903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare human and veterinary disease characterized by deficient or absent production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is known as a classical regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Nevertheless, the hormone also appears to modulate immune functions. For example, increased CD4:CD8 T-cell ratios and elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A levels were observed in patients with hyperparathyroidism, whereas gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was decreased in patients with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Various immune cell populations are affected differently. So, there is a need for validated animal models for the further characterization of this disease for identifying targeted immune-modulatory therapies. In addition to genetically modified mouse models of hypoparathyroidism, there are surgical rodent models. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) can be well performed in rats-for pharmacological and associated osteoimmunological research and bone mechanical studies, a large animal model could be preferable, however. A major drawback for successfully performing total PTX in large animal species (pigs and sheep) is the presence of accessory glands, thus demanding to develop new approaches for real-time detection of all parathyroid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Butylina
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Föger-Samwald
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pernold CP, Lagumdzic E, Stadler M, Mair KH, Jäckel S, Schmitt MW, Ladinig A, Knecht C, Dürlinger S, Kreutzmann H, Martin V, Sawyer S, Saalmüller A. Characterization of the immune system of Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs - An important large animal model in experimental medicine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003986. [PMID: 36203585 PMCID: PMC9531550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs (EGMs) as a model in experimental medicine is continuously growing. The aim of this project is to increase the knowledge of the immune system of EGMs as information is still scarce. Therefore, we studied the postnatal maturation of their immune system from birth until 126 weeks of age. For the first 26 weeks of the study, animals were kept under pathogen-reduced conditions (SPF) and afterwards under conventional housing conditions. The development of the immune system was analyzed by monitoring changes in total numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes of ten individuals and the composition of leukocyte populations by multi-color flow cytometry (FCM). We followed the presence of monocytes using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD172a+ and CD163+ and B cells based on the expression of CD79a. NK cells were distinguished as CD3-CD16+CD8α+/dim cells and further subdivided using NKp46 (CD335) expression into NKp46-, NKp46+, and NKp46high NK cells. T-cell receptor (TCR) γδ T cells were defined by the expression of TCR-γδ and different subsets were determined by their CD2 and perforin expression. TCR-αβ T cells were classified by their CD8β+ or CD4 expression. For monitoring their differentiation, expression of CD27 and perforin was investigated for CD8β++ T cells and CD8α together with CD27 for CD4+ T cells. We clearly detected a postnatal development of immune cell composition and identified phenotypes indicative of differentiation within the respective leukocyte subsets. Examination of the development of the antigen-specific immune system after transfer to different distinct housing conditions and after vaccination against common porcine pathogens such as porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) revealed a markedly increased presence of more differentiated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with central and effector memory T-cell phenotypes. To complement the findings, a PCV2 vaccine-specific antigen was used for in vitro restimulation experiments. We demonstrated antigen-specific proliferation of CD4+CD8α+CD27+ central and CD4+CD8α+CD27- effector memory T cells as well as antigen-specific production of TNF-α and IFN-γ. This study of postnatal immune development defines basic cellular immune parameters of EGMs and represents an important milestone for the use of EGMs for immunological questions in experimental medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara P.S. Pernold
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emil Lagumdzic
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Dürlinger
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kreutzmann
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Martin
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Spencer Sawyer
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neutrophils in Streptococcus suis Infection: From Host Defense to Pathology. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112392. [PMID: 34835517 PMCID: PMC8624082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for economic losses to the porcine industry. Infected animals may develop meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, sepsis and/or sudden death. The pathogenesis of the infection implies that bacteria breach mucosal host barriers and reach the bloodstream, where they escape immune-surveillance mechanisms and spread throughout the organism. The clinical manifestations are mainly the consequence of an exacerbated inflammation, defined by an exaggerated production of cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. Among them, neutrophils arrive first in contact with the pathogens to combat the infection. Neutrophils initiate and maintain inflammation, by producing cytokines and deploying their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms. Furthermore, neutrophilic leukocytosis characterizes S. suis infection, and lesions of infected subjects contain a large number of neutrophils. Therefore, this cell type may play a role in host defense and/or in the exacerbated inflammation. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies addressed the role or functions of neutrophils in the context of S. suis infection. In this review, we will explore the literature about S. suis and neutrophils, from their interaction at a cellular level, to the roles and behaviors of neutrophils in the infected host in vivo.
Collapse
|
8
|
McOnie RC, Noel AM, Fubini SL, Reesink HL. Surgical treatment of uterine neoplasia in 13 production size pigs with a comparison to pot-bellied pigs. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1434-1442. [PMID: 34347882 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to describe the clinical management and surgical treatment of production size pigs (PrdP) with uterine neoplasia. A secondary objective was to compare tumor diagnoses as well as short- and long-term survival between PrdP and a published report of pot-bellied pigs (PBP) following surgical intervention. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION Client-owned PrdP (n = 13) treated with exploratory celiotomy ±ovariohysterectomy for uterine neoplasia. METHODS Medical records from a university hospital were reviewed for historical treatment, presenting complaint, clinical signs, diagnostics, surgical intervention, pathology, and outcome. An online owner survey was performed for follow-up. The novel PrdP cohort was compared to a previously published PBP cohort for differences in tumor diagnoses, surgical complications, and survival. Descriptive statistics, Fischer's exact tests and odds ratios were reported. RESULTS PrdP were affected by uterine leiomyoma (4/11), leiomyosarcoma (2/11), adenoma (1/11), adenocarcinoma (3/11), and carcinosarcoma (1/11) with no difference in tumor types between PrdP and PBP. PrdP surviving to hospital discharge (6/13) survived at least 1 year postoperatively, with median follow-up of 16 months (14-60 months). PrdP were less likely than PBP to survive in the short-term despite similar frequencies of marked intraoperative hemorrhage. PrdP and PBP had comparable rates of long-term survival following hospital discharge. CONCLUSION PrdP are afflicted by similar uterine neoplasia diagnoses as PBP, but they have lower rates of short-term survival to hospital discharge with surgical treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/IMPACT PrdP have a guarded prognosis for survival to hospital discharge when operated for uterine neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C McOnie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Aliyyah M Noel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Susan L Fubini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boontiam W, Wachirapakorn C, Phaengphairee P. Effects of hydrolyzed yeast supplementation on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and microbial shedding in weaning pigs. Vet World 2020; 13:1902-1909. [PMID: 33132604 PMCID: PMC7566246 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1902-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Weaning pigs normally suffer from many stressors which have impaired growth performance and immunity. Hydrolyzed yeast has been proposed as an alternative feed additive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various levels of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) supplementation in the feed of weaning pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and microbial populations. Materials and Methods A total of 144 crossbred weaning pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with a mean body weight (BW) of 7.46 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments during a 5-week feeding trial. Treatments consisted of a basal diet without HY inclusion (control), or the basal diet supplemented with HY at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of diet, respectively. Results Piglets fed with 1.0 or 1.5 g/kg HY presented significantly increased BW (p=0.009) and decreased incidence of diarrhea (p=0.001). The final BW (p=0.012), average daily gain (p=0.094), and average daily feed intake (p=0.091) showed a linear improvement with the level of HY inclusion. However, the gain-to-feed ratio was unaffected by dietary treatments. Linear responses to the HY supplementation levels were also observed for blood urea nitrogen (p=0.030), total protein (p=0.017), lymphocyte percentage (p=0.064), catalase activity (p=0.089), malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p=0.001), Salmonella spp. (p=0.024), Escherichia coli (p=0.021), and Lactobacillus spp. (p=0.048). Dietary inclusion of HY at 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg resulted in increased immunoglobulin A and G secretions (p=0.042 and p=0.022, respectively) and decreased MDA concentration (p<0.01) and Salmonella spp. (p=0.026) and E. coli (p=0.050). Conclusion It was concluded that HY inclusion at 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg in the diet of weaning pigs improve BW, immunoglobulin secretion, and antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas it lowers diarrhea occurrence, lipid peroxidation, and pathogenic bacteria in weaning pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waewaree Boontiam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalong Wachirapakorn
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phreerapong Phaengphairee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonilla MC, Fingerhut L, Alfonso-Castro A, Mergani A, Schwennen C, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de Buhr N. How Long Does a Neutrophil Live?-The Effect of 24 h Whole Blood Storage on Neutrophil Functions in Pigs. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080278. [PMID: 32784433 PMCID: PMC7459936 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells of the innate immune system, traditionally regarded to have a short life span. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the whole blood storage on neutrophil functions, e.g., viability, antimicrobial effect, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and phagocytosis. Therefore, fresh porcine whole blood was compared to whole blood stored for 24 h in the dark at room temperature. Different cell parameters in whole blood and in isolated neutrophils were analyzed. The following parameters were analyzed: cell count, band and segmented neutrophil count, viability, cholesterol content, release of free DNA as a marker for cell death, phagocytic activity in whole blood and in isolated neutrophils, the transmigration rate of neutrophils to IL8 stimulus, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the formation of NETs. It was observed that the number of isolated neutrophils decreased over time, indicating cell death occurs during 24 h of blood storage. However, the surviving neutrophils isolated from stored blood reacted comparably or even showed enhanced antimicrobial activity in the case of phagocytosis of Streptococcus (S.) suis, ROS production, and transmigration. The slightly altered cholesterol level of the harvested neutrophils in stored blood when compared to fresh blood partially explains some of the detected differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. Bonilla
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonie Fingerhut
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana Alfonso-Castro
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - AhmedElmontaser Mergani
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schwennen
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.C.B.); (L.F.); (A.A.-C.); (A.M.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-6119
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hohnstein FS, Meurer M, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baums CG, Alber G, Schütze N. Analysis of Porcine Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Induction by S. suis In Vivo and In Vitro. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010040. [PMID: 31947746 PMCID: PMC7168595 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning piglets are susceptible to the invasive Streptococcus (S.) suis infection, which can result in septicemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine profile induced upon S. suis infection of blood, to determine the cellular sources of those cytokines, and to study the potential effects of the induced cytokines on bacterial killing. We measured TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-10 after an experimental intravenous infection with S. suis serotype 2 in vivo, and analyzed whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and separated leukocytes to identify the cytokine-producing cell type(s). In addition, we used a reconstituted whole blood assay to investigate the effect of TNF-α on bacterial killing in the presence of different S. suis-specific IgG levels. An increase in IL-6 and IL-10, but not in IFN-γ or IL-17A, was observed in two of three piglets with pronounced bacteremia 16 to 20 h after infection, but not in piglets with controlled bacteremia. Our results confirmed previous findings that S. suis induces TNF-α and IL-6 and could demonstrate that TNF-α is produced by monocytes in vitro. We further found that IL-10 induction resulted in reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Rapid induction of TNF-α was, however, not crucial for in vitro bacterial killing, not even in the absence of specific IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. Hohnstein
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Marita Meurer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany; (M.M.); (N.d.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph G. Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9731221
| | - Nicole Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.H.); (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sipos W. Shifts in porcine PBMC populations from adolescence to adulthood. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 211:35-37. [PMID: 31084891 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the immune system is undergoing significant changes during development, which has many impacts on the individual's capacity to cope with infectious diseases or other pathologic conditions, where the immune system is involved. Especially in livestock, it is important to know in detail about these changes, including shifts in the composition of systemic leukocyte populations, as this knowledge may help to focus on relevant cell populations when developing novel vaccines for use in juvenile versus adult animals. In this mini-review, a synoptic comparison of published PBMC populations, which were analysed in healthy weaned piglets as well as multiparous non-gestating sows, shows remarkable shifts within leukocyte populations. γδ T cells increase by factor 1.5, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and T helper cells more than double, and cytotoxic T cells as well as regulatory T cells increase more than four fold, whereas NK cells as well as B cells in adult sows comprise only 40% and monocytes 70% of the relative population sizes in weaned piglets. In summary, these insights into age-dependent shifts of porcine leukocyte populations indicate a principal increase of acquired immunity-associated leukocyte populations, whereas primarily innate immunity-associated cell types (NK cells, monocytes) are diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reiter M, Knecht C, Müller A, Schötta AM, Leschnik M, Wijnveld M, Weissenböck H, Stockinger H, Stanek G, Sipos W. The domestic pig as a potential model for Borrelia skin infection. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 8:300-308. [PMID: 27986402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin lesion erythema migrans is a characteristic early manifestation of Lyme borreliosis in humans. However, the pathomechanisms leading to development of this erythema are not fully understood. Models that mimic human skin would enhance research in this field. Human and porcine skin structures strongly resemble each other. Therefore, we attempted to induce erythema migrans lesions in experimental Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in the skin of domestic pigs. The formation of erythema migrans-like lesions was observed after intradermal injection of these spirochetes, with the lesions forming very clearly in 2/6 animals when a strain of B. garinii was used. However, no molecular or clinical proof of systemic infection of the pigs with B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, or B. garinii could be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reiter
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Müller
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Margarita Schötta
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leschnik
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Michiel Wijnveld
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Weissenböck
- Institute for Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerold Stanek
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Álvarez V, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Blázquez R, Tarazona R, Casado JG. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells and leukocytes from Large White and Göttingen Minipigs: Clues for stem cell-based immunomodulatory therapies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:63-9. [PMID: 27590427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising cell types for human and veterinary use and their therapeutic effect is associated with their immunomodulatory properties. Farm animal models, such as pigs, have become a valuable tool to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adoptively transferred MSCs in the setting of veterinary medicine. In order to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of stem cell-based therapies in porcine breeds, a deep analysis and comparison of MSCs and leukocyte subsets are absolutely necessary. Here we provide a detailed analysis of bone-marrow derived MSCs and leukocyte subsets from Large White pigs and Göttingen Minipigs. Significant differences were observed between the two pig breeds in terms of T cell subsets that need to be considered for immune monitoring of stem cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | | | - Rebeca Blázquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Caceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Käser T, Müllebner A, Hartl RT, Essler SE, Saalmüller A, Catharina Duvigneau J. Porcine T-helper and regulatory T cells exhibit versatile mRNA expression capabilities for cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules. Cytokine 2012; 60:400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|