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Lisiecka U, Brodzki P, Śmiech A, Michalak K, Winiarczyk S, Żylińska B, Adaszek Ł. The diagnostic value of selected immune parameters in peripheral blood of dogs with malignant mammary tumours - a preliminary study. J Vet Res 2024; 68:271-278. [PMID: 38947156 PMCID: PMC11210351 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The main adaptive immune cells are T and B lymphocytes and they play key roles in the induction of immune responses against canine mammary tumours. Investigating these cell subpopulations may lead to more precise diagnosis of these malignancies. Material and Methods The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and of CD21+ B cells in the peripheral blood of bitches with malignant mammary tumours were compared with those in the blood of healthy animals. The phenotypic features of peripheral blood leukocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results There was a significant difference in the mean percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes between healthy (66.7%) and metastatic dogs (46.1%), and between tumour-bearing non-metastatic (66.6%) and metastatic dogs. There was also a significant difference in CD4+ T helper cell percentages between healthy dogs (40.4%) and dogs with metastases (23.2%), and between the latter and dogs without them (35.5%). In the case of CD21+ lymphocyte subsets, a significant difference was noted between healthy animals (10.9%) and those with metastases (20.1%), and between the latter and patients without metastases (8.5%). There were also significant differences in CD3+/CD21+ ratios between the group with metastases (3.0), the healthy group (7.8), and the group without metastases (8.5). Similarly, a significant difference was noted in CD4+/CD8+ ratios between animals with metastases (1.4), bitches in the control group (2.2), and dogs without metastases (1.9). Conclusion Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypic characteristics are putative novel biomarkers. These findings may be useful in future studies improving mammary tumour diagnostic procedures, especially in metastasis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lisiecka
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Żylińska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
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Farhoodimoghadam M, Reagan KL, Zwingenberger AL. Diagnosis and classification of portosystemic shunts: a machine learning retrospective case-control study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1291318. [PMID: 38638645 PMCID: PMC11024426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1291318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of portosystemic shunts (PSS) in dogs often requires multiple diagnostic tests, and available clinicopathologic tests have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study was to train and validate a machine learning model (MLM) that can accurately predict the presence of a PSS utilizing routinely collected demographic data and clinicopathologic features. Dogs diagnosed with PSS or control dogs tested for PSS but had the condition ruled out (non-PSS) were identified. Dogs were included if a complete blood count and serum chemistry panel were available from PSS diagnostic testing. Dogs with a PSS were subcategorized as having a single intrahepatic PSS, a single extrahepatic PSS, or multiple extrahepatic PSS. An extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) MLM was trained with data from 70% of the cases, and MLM performance was determined on the test set, comprising the remaining 30% of the case data. Two MLMs were created. The first was designed to predict the presence of any PSS (PSS MLM), and the second to predict the PSS subcategory (PSS SubCat MLM). The trained PSS MLM had a sensitivity of 94.3% (95% CI 90.1-96.8%) and specificity of 90.5% (95% CI 85.32-94.0%) for dogs in the test set. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.976 (95% CI; 0.964-0.989). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, and serum globulin concentration were most important in prediction classification. The PSS SubCat MLM had an accuracy of 85.7% in determining the subtype of PSS of dogs in the test set, with variable sensitivity and specificity depending on PSS subtype. These MLMs have a high accuracy for diagnosing PSS; however, the prediction of PSS subclassification is less accurate. The MLMs can be used as a screening tool to increase or decrease the index of suspicion for PSS before confirmatory diagnostics such as advanced imaging are pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Farhoodimoghadam
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Krystle L. Reagan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Allison L. Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Montserrat-Malagarriga M, Castillejos L, Salas-Mani A, Torre C, Martín-Orúe SM. The Impact of Fiber Source on Digestive Function, Fecal Microbiota, and Immune Response in Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:196. [PMID: 38254365 PMCID: PMC10812474 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of different fiber sources on intestinal function, fecal microbiota, and overall health in dogs. Twelve dogs were used in a crossover design, involving three periods of 6 weeks and three diets: a low-fiber diet (CTR), a cereal-fiber and beet-pulp-supplemented diet (BRA), and a fruit-fiber-supplemented diet (FRU). Each period included a digestibility trial and fecal and blood sampling in the last week. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota taxonomy (16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq) and functionality (Shotgun-NovaSeq 6000) were determined in the feces. General biochemistry, complete blood cells, and lymphocyte subsets were also analyzed. The fiber-supplemented diets showed lower digestibility without significant changes in the fecal consistency. The BRA diet showed higher total SCFA concentrations (p = 0.056), with increases in alpha diversity and particular beneficial genera, such as Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium. The BRA microbiota was also associated with an overabundance of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The FRU diet had a distinct impact on the microbiota composition and functionality, leading to higher levels of CD8 lymphocytes. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting the right fiber source when formulating dog diets, as it can have a differential impact on gut microbiota and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Montserrat-Malagarriga
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
| | - Anna Salas-Mani
- Affinity Pet Care, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Celina Torre
- Affinity Pet Care, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08902 Barcelona, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (C.T.)
| | - Susana M. Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.M.M.-O.)
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DeNotta S, McFarlane D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36609345 PMCID: PMC9817422 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The equine population in the United States and worldwide now includes a higher percentage of geriatric horses than ever previously recorded, and as methods to treat and manage elderly equids are developed and refined, this aging population will likely continue to expand. A better understanding of how horses age and the effect of age on immunity and disease susceptibility is needed to enable targeted preventative healthcare strategies for aged horses. This review article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of aging on immunity, vaccine responsiveness, and disease risk in the horse, highlighting similarities and differences to what is observed in aged humans. Horses show similar but milder age-related alterations in immune function to those reported in people. Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and diminished response to vaccination have all been documented in elderly horses, however, increased risk of infectious disease is not commonly reported. Aged horses also show evidence of a proinflammatory state (inflammaging) yet appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of people for which inflammation is a risk factor. Information is currently lacking as to why the horse does not experience the same risk of age-related disease (e.g., cancer, heart disease, neurodegeneration) as people, although a lack of negative lifestyle habits, differences in diet, exercise, genetics and physiology may all contribute to improved health outcomes in the older horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally DeNotta
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Dianne McFarlane
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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SEVİM K, ÇOLAKOĞLU EÇ, KAYA U. The impact of peripheral blood cell ratios in dogs with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.1075126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, pre-chemotherapy hematological values of 14 dogs diagnosed with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma were compared with the hematological data of 26 healthy dogs. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) were evaluated between two groups. Anemia and an increased total leukocyte count were observed in dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy ones. The PNR value was found to be significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma, It was concluded that more comprehensive studies studies are needed to clearly understand the diagnostic and prognostic importance of hematological parameters in B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma of dogs.
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Lee HJ, Hong SJ, Kim SS, Kwon YY, Choi BH, Choi KM, Sheen SH, Lee MJ, Hwang SY, Park K, Joo Y, Song H, Lee CK. CD4+/CD8+ Ratio and Growth Differentiation Factor 8 Levels in Peripheral Blood of Large Canine Males Are Useful Parameters to Build an Age Prediction Model. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:316-329. [PMID: 35021315 PMCID: PMC8987144 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To build an age prediction model, we measured CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and humoral components in canine peripheral blood. Materials and Methods Large Belgian Malinois (BGM) and German Shepherd Dog (GSD) breeds (n=27), aged from 1 to 12 years, were used for this study. Peripheral bloods were obtained by venepuncture, then plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated immediately. Six myokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and GDF11 were measured from plasma and CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes ratio were measured from PBMC. These parameters were then tested with age prediction models to find the best fit model. Results We found that the T-lymphocyte ratio (CD4+/CD8+) was significantly correlated with age (r=0.46, p=0.016). Among the six myokines, only GDF8 showed a significant correlation with age (r=0.52, p=0.005). Interestingly, these two markers showed better correlations in male dogs than females, and BGM breed than GSD. Using these two age biomarkers, we could obtain the best fit in a quadratic linear mixed model (r=0.77, p=3×10-6). Conclusions Age prediction is a challenging task because of complication with biological age. Our quadratic linear mixed model using CD4+/CD8+ ratio and GDF8 level showed a meaningful age prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Kim
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Yon Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Choi
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeong Sheen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Younghun Joo
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hwayoung Song
- Military Working Dog Training Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Effect of anaesthesia for mastectomy on cell-mediated immunity in dogs with mammary cancer. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:265-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Druzhaeva N, Nemec Svete A, Ihan A, Pohar K, Domanjko Petrič A. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes in dogs with different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2112-2122. [PMID: 34236111 PMCID: PMC8478039 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subtypes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is lacking. Objectives To investigate PBL subtypes and their correlation with parameters of inflammation and MMVD progression markers in dogs with different stages of MMVD. Animals Seventy‐eight client‐owned dogs: 65 with MMVD (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine [ACVIM] classification stages B2, C, and D) and 13 healthy controls. Methods Prospective cross‐sectional study. Complete cardiac assessment, flow cytometry (T lymphocytes [CD3+], their subtypes [CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD4−CD8−], and B lymphocytes [CD45+CD21+]) and measurement of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I, and C‐reactive protein concentrations were performed. Results The percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .003), the percentage of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .01), CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte concentration was significantly higher in unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .05), and the CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .01) compared with healthy controls. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ PBL and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were altered in MMVD dogs with congestive heart failure (ACVIM C, D), but not in ACVIM B2, suggesting involvement of these PBL subtypes in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure in dogs with MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Druzhaeva
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katka Pohar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell cycle arrest in damaged or aged cells. Although this represents a critical mechanism of tumor suppression, persistence of senescent cells during aging induces chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction through the adoption of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This has been shown to promote the progression of age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. As the global population ages, the role of cellular senescence in disease is becoming a more critical area of research. In this review, mechanisms, biomarkers, and pathology of cellular senescence and SASP are described with a brief discussion of literature supporting a role for cellular senescence in veterinary diseases. Cell culture and mouse models used in senescence studies are also reviewed including the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone (SAMP), senescence pathway knockout mice (p53, p21 [CDKN1A], and p16 [CDKN2A]), and the more recently developed senolysis mice, which allow for direct visualization and elimination (or lysis) of senescent cells in live mice (p16-3MR and INK-ATTAC). These and other mouse models have demonstrated the importance of cellular senescence in embryogenesis and wound healing but have also identified a therapeutic benefit for targeting persistent senescent cells in age-associated diseases including neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, 313611National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Marchetti C, Borghetti P, Cacchioli A, Ferrari L, Armando F, Corradi A, Cantoni AM. Profile of gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of crossbreed dogs during stages of life and implication in aging. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:278. [PMID: 32771003 PMCID: PMC7414535 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs are scant, related only to healthy pure breed dogs and limited to a restricted age range. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulation of the γδ T lymphocyte (TCRγδ+) subpopulation in peripheral blood of crossbreed healthy dogs according to five identified stages of life: Puppy, Junior, Adult, Mature, Senior and to determine its implication in aging. A rigorous method of recruitment was used to minimize the influence of internal or external pressure on the immune response. Twenty-three intact female and twenty-four intact male dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and γδ T cell subpopulations was performed. Results The percentage of γδ T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes was comparable with the value of 2.5% published by Faldyna and co-workers (2001), despite the percentage reported was investigated in less arranged age range groups and coming from four different dog pure breeds, whereas our data were recorded on wider age range groups and coming from crossbreed dogs. Therefore, the γδ T cell percentage (2.5%) is consistent and points out that such value is breed-independent. Statistical analysis highlighted differences in both percentage and absolute γδ T cells according to the stage of life. γδ T cells decreased significantly in the peripheral blood of elder dogs (Senior group) in comparison with previous stages of life (Puppy, Junior, and Adult groups). Differences in γδ T cells are significant and they are reported, for the first time, related to dog aging. Conclusions The study confirms dogs to be among the animals with a low TCRγδ+ cell profile. A decrease of the TCRγδ+ subpopulation percentage was observed in elder dogs. TCRγδ+ cells of group S were different from those of groups P, J, and A. The differences are reported for the first time in dog aging. Identifying the stage of life when the decrease of γδ T lymphocytes starts can be useful for providing a rationale for drafting a wellness plan trial to support thymus immune functions and mitigate its functional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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11
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Chiti LE, Martano M, Ferrari R, Boracchi P, Giordano A, Grieco V, Buracco P, Iussich S, Giudice C, Miniscalco B, Zani DD, Proverbio D, Morello E, Stefanello D. Evaluation of leukocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of local recurrence of feline injection site sarcoma after curative intent surgery. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:105-116. [PMID: 31441996 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Local recurrence (LR) is the major concern in the treatment of feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS). Pretreatment leukocyte counts and ratios have been reported as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in human and canine oncology. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the prognostic impact on LR and overall survival time (OST) of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophil count (NC) and lymphocyte count (LC) in cats with surgically excised FISS. Eighty-two cats with histologically confirmed FISS at first presentation, without distant metastases, and with available pretreatment haematological analyses were retrospectively enrolled. The correlation of NLR, WBCC, NC, LC with tumour variables and patient variables was explored. NLR was correlated with tumour size (P = .004), histological pattern of tumour growth (P = .024) and histotype (P = .029), while WBCC and NC were associated with ulceration (P = .007, P = .011) and pattern of growth (P = .028, P = .004). No significant relationships emerged between LC and any of the considered variables. The impact of NLR, WBCC, NC, LC on LR and OST was then estimated in univariate and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, NLR, WBCC and NC were significant prognostic factors for both LR and OST. NLR, WBCC and NC remained prognostic in multivariate analysis for LR but not for OST. When NLR, WBCC and NC were jointly analysed, WBCC was the marker with the greater impact on LR. Preoperative NLR, WBCC and NC may aid in identifying cats at higher risk of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Martano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - R Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Buracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - S Iussich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Miniscalco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D D Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Morello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Rejec A, Butinar J, Gawor J, Petelin M. Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in Healthy Dogs, Dogs With Periodontitis, and Dogs With Oropharyngeal Tumors as Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammatory Response. J Vet Dent 2017; 34:231-240. [PMID: 28936913 DOI: 10.1177/0898756417731775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess complete blood count (CBC) indices of dogs with periodontitis (PD; n = 73) and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors (OT; n = 92) in comparison to CBC indices of healthy dogs (HD; n = 71). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume to platelet ratio, and platelet large cell ratio index (PLCRi) were evaluated as biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response provoked by PD and OT. Results of multivariable polytomous logistic regression analysis indicated no significant associations between CBC indices and PD. Both NLR and PLCRi were significantly higher in dogs with OT when compared to HD and dogs with PD and could, therefore, indicate a tumor-associated systemic inflammatory response. Additional studies of CBC indices, along with other biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response, are recommended to validate them as reliable indicators of clinical disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rejec
- 1 Animal Hospital Postojna, Postojna, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Milan Petelin
- 3 Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Karayannopoulou M, Anagnostou T, Margariti A, Kostakis C, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Psalla D, Savvas I. Evaluation of blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations involved in host cellular immunity in dogs with mammary cancer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 186:45-50. [PMID: 28413049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-bearing patients are often immunosuppressed. In dogs with mammary or other cancers, various alterations in blood cell populations involved in host cellular immunity have been reported; among these cell populations some T-lymphocyte subsets play an important role against cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate any alterations in circulating T-lymphocyte subpopulations involved in cellular immunity in bitches with mammary cancer, in comparison to age-matched healthy intact bitches. Twenty eight dogs with mammary cancer and 14 control dogs were included in this study. Twelve out of the 28 bitches had mammary cancer of clinical stage II and 16/28 of stage III. Histological examination revealed that 23/28 animals had carcinomas, 3/28 sarcomas and 2/28 carcinosarcomas. White blood cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte absolute numbers were measured by complete blood count. Furthermore, blood T-lymphocyte population (CD3+) and the subpopulations CD4+, CD8+ and CD5low+ were assessed by flow cytometry. White blood cell and neutrophil but not lymphocyte absolute numbers were higher (P=0.003 and P=0.001, respectively) in cancer patients than controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the relative percentage of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and of CD4+, CD8+ subpopulations was lower (the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher), whereas the percentage of CD5low+ T-cells was higher, in dogs with cancer compared to controls; however, a statistically significant difference was found only in the case of CD8+ T-cells (P=0.014), whereas in the case of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio the difference almost reached statistical significance (P=0.059). Based on these findings, it can be suggested that, although the absolute number of blood lymphocytes is unchanged, the relative percentages of T-lymphocyte subpopulations involved in host cell-mediated immunity are altered, but only cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells are significantly suppressed, in dogs with mammary cancer of clinical stage II or III compared to age-matched healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayannopoulou
- Department of Clinical Studies-Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Tilemachos Anagnostou
- Department of Clinical Studies-Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolia Margariti
- Biologist, Postgraduate student, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kostakis
- Department of Clinical Studies-Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Department of Clinical Studies-Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Savvas
- Department of Clinical Studies-Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
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T lymphocyte immunophenotypes in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol 2016; 232:12-20. [PMID: 27890077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease causing several clinical manifestations in dogs, including neurological disorders. Nevertheless, there are few studies related to the evaluation of the brain alterations during VL. Evidences of the involvement of cerebral barriers in infected dogs was reported, including the presence of brain inflammatory infiltrate, with a predominance of CD3+ T cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotypes of T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in peripheral blood, and to correlate with brain alterations in dogs with VL. We detected elevated percentages of double negative (DN) and double positive (DP) T cells in the CSF, with a predominance of TCRαb. In the histopathological analysis, we observed a predominance of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, mainly in leptomeninges, ranging from mild to intense, and we observed a positive correlation between the intensity of inflammation in the subependymal area and the DN T cells of the CSF. Thus, the DN T cells seem be acting as villains of the immune system through pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Further, the proportion of the different population of CSF T cells did not differ from those observed in the blood, which provides us with more evidence of blood-CSF barrier breakdown. Together, the results provide more explanation to the inflammation observed in the brain of dogs with VL, which the DN T cells contribute to the origin and progression of the neurological disease. This study provides insight into the immunophenotypes of T lymphocytes in the CSF during canine visceral leishmaniasis.
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Change in peripheral blood lymphocyte count in dogs following adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine-activated T killer cells combined with palliative tumor resection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 177:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Rout ED, Avery PR. Lymphoid Neoplasia: Correlations Between Morphology and Flow Cytometry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 47:53-70. [PMID: 27542692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytology is commonly used to diagnose lymphoma and leukemia. Frequently, a diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease can be obtained via cytology, and some of the common subtypes of canine lymphoma and leukemia can have characteristic cytologic features. Flow cytometry is a critical tool in the objective diagnosis and further characterization of lymphoma and leukemia. Features of the immunophenotype, such as expression of certain cell surface proteins or cell size, can provide important prognostic information. This review describes the cytologic features, flow cytometry immunophenotype, and immunophenotypic prognostic information for 6 major types of canine lymphoma and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 314-4 Diagnostic Medicine Center, 200 West Lake Street, 1644 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1644, USA
| | - Paul R Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 309 Diagnostic Medicine Center, 200 West Lake Street, 1644 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1644, USA.
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Abstract
The aging process in people is associated with changes in adaptive and innate immune responses. Similar changes occur in aged horses. Age-related progressive impairment in the ability to respond to pathogen challenge and an increased inflammatory reactivity may predispose geriatric horses to many diseases of old age. Specific recommendations for immune modification of older horses, including an age-appropriate vaccination schedule, are not currently available. In addition, the effect of old age on risk of infectious disease is poorly documented. More work is needed to better understand the interactions of age on immunity, vaccine response, and disease risk in horses.
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Mucha J, Rybicka A, Dolka I, Szymańska J, Manuali E, Parzeniecka-Jaworska M, Kluciński W, Król M. Immunosuppression in Dogs During Mammary Cancer Development. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1147-1153. [PMID: 27106740 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816634808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunosuppression that facilitates tumor progression and metastasis evolves by development of an immunosuppressive network. The aim of this study was to assess this network in dogs with benign or malignant tumors with or without confirmed metastasis. The authors showed that the number of various T cell subpopulations was constant during tumor development; however the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in tumor-bearing dogs than in healthy individuals. The number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their p-STAT3 expression (which is a negative regulator of hematopoiesis and regulates VEGF expression) were higher in cancer patients than in control dogs, however their number increased significantly in late-stage cancer patients. Canine mammary carcinomas with confirmed metastases to either lymph nodes or internal organs had greater MDSCs and Treg infiltration than benign mammary tumors or malignant mammary tumors for which metastases had not been detected. Similarly, expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C was the highest in tumors with confirmed metastases. This research shows changes occurring in the blood (n = 30 patients) and tumor tissue of patients (n = 100) during canine mammary tumor development. The findings should be considered preliminary because of the small number of samples. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that a high level of Tregs and MDSCs as well as high expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C may significantly contribute to mammary tumor progression and metastasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Szymańska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Umbria e Delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Parzeniecka-Jaworska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kluciński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Macfarlane L, Morris J, Pratschke K, Mellor D, Scase T, Macfarlane M, Mclauchlan G. Diagnostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte and albumin-globulin ratios in canine soft tissue sarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 57:135-41. [PMID: 26712718 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio to differentiate soft tissue sarcoma from benign soft tissue tumours. METHODS A retrospective study of pretreatment haematology and biochemistry in dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma or benign soft tissue tumours. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio were compared between the two groups. In dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma, the relationship of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to-globulin ratio to histological tumour grade (I to III) was assessed. RESULTS In the dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (n=22), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly increased and the albumin-to-globulin ratio decreased compared to those with benign soft tissue tumours (n=14). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to globulin ratio were not useful as predictors of tumour grade in dogs diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin-to globulin ratio may aid with diagnosis and optimal treatment planning. Further investigation into their prognostic implications is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Macfarlane
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - J Morris
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - K Pratschke
- North East Veterinary Referrals, Northumberland Business Park West, Cramlington, NE23 7RH
| | - D Mellor
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Horfield, Bristol, BS7 0BJ
| | - M Macfarlane
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - G Mclauchlan
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
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Mongillo P, Bertotto D, Pitteri E, Stefani A, Marinelli L, Gabai G. Peripheral leukocyte populations and oxidative stress biomarkers in aged dogs showing impaired cognitive abilities. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9778. [PMID: 25905581 PMCID: PMC4408299 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypes, lymphocyte subset populations, and oxidative stress parameters were studied in cognitively characterized adult and aged dogs, in order to assess possible relationships between age, cognitive decline, and the immune status. Adult (N = 16, 2-7 years old) and aged (N = 29, older than 8 years) dogs underwent two testing procedures, for the assessment of spatial reversal learning and selective social attention abilities, which were shown to be sensitive to aging in pet dogs. Based on age and performance in cognitive testing, dogs were classified as adult not cognitively impaired (ADNI, N = 12), aged not cognitively impaired (AGNI, N = 19) and aged cognitively impaired (AGCI, N = 10). Immunological and oxidative stress parameters were compared across groups with the Kruskal-Wallis test. AGCI dogs displayed lower absolute CD4 cell count (p < 0.05) than ADNI and higher monocyte absolute count and percentage (p < 0.05) than AGNI whereas these parameters were not different between AGNI and ADNI. AGNI dogs had higher CD8 cell percentage than ADNI (p < 0.05). Both AGNI and AGCI dogs showed lower CD4/CD8 and CD21 count and percentage and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte and CD3/CD21 ratios (p < 0.05). None of the oxidative parameters showed any statistically significant difference among groups. These observations suggest that alterations in peripheral leukocyte populations may reflect age-related changes occurring within the central nervous system and disclose interesting perspectives for the dog as a model for studying the functional relationship between the nervous and immune systems during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mongillo
- />Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- />Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Elisa Pitteri
- />Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- />Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Lieta Marinelli
- />Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gabai
- />Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
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21
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O'Connor CM, Wilson-Robles H. Developing T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy in the Dog with Lymphoma. ILAR J 2014; 55:169-81. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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22
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García-Sancho M, Villaescusa A, Rodríguez-Franco F, Sainz Á. Comparative study of peripheral blood leukocytes in healthy dogs and in dogs with cancer and inflammatory diseases. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:282-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714522464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the peripheral blood lymphocyte subset distribution was compared between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease, dental and skin conditions, and cancer. The immunophenotype of the group with chronic gastrointestinal disease and the group with dental and skin conditions showed no statistically significant differences with other groups of healthy or diseased dogs. When compared with healthy dogs, animals with cancer showed significantly lower absolute values of T cytotoxic cells (CD3+, CD8+) and lymphocytes that express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II+) in peripheral blood. The results suggest that peripheral blood immunophenotype is mainly altered in dogs with cancer but not in other diseases. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Sancho
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Villaescusa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mutz M, Boudreaux B, Kearney M, Stroda K, Gaunt S, Shiomitsu K. Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi-centric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:337-47. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mutz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - B. Boudreaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - M. Kearney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - K. Stroda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - S. Gaunt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - K. Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
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Kol A, Christopher M, Skorupski K, Tokarz D, Vernau W. B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation, atypical cytoplasmic inclusions, and secondary leukemia in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kol
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - M.M. Christopher
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - K.A. Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - D. Tokarz
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis; CA; USA
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Villaescusa A, García-Sancho M, Rodríguez-Franco F, Sainz Á. Early-life longitudinal survey of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in Beagle dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fujiwara M, Yonezawa T, Arai T, Yamamoto I, Ohtsuka H. Alterations with age in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine synthesis in beagles. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2012; 3:79-84. [PMID: 30101087 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s32590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The immune system is considered to be affected by aging, which is linked to various immune pathogeneses. The purpose of this study was to determine age-associated changes in immune function of healthy dogs (beagles), specifically those of naive and memory T lymphocytes, based on cytokine synthesis. Patients and methods Blood samples were obtained from 44 healthy beagles that were divided into three age-groups: young (<4 years), middle-aged (4-8 years), and older dogs (>8 years). Subpopulations of T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Transcriptional (mRNA) levels of cytokines were determined for primary-cultured leukocytes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results There were negative correlations between dogs' ages and the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells, and B cells. In particular, the number of naive CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells and CD8+ CD45RA+ T cells significantly decreased with age. The mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-2Rα, and interferon-gamma were significantly higher in young or middle-aged dogs (P < 0.05), whereas IL-4 mRNA expression was not significantly different over the different age-groups. IL-2Rγ mRNA expression tended to decrease with age. Conclusion Decreases of naive CD4+ and naive CD8+ T cells may be related to age-related immunosenescence in dogs. With regard to cytokine production, leukocyte IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels did not change with age, whereas IL-2, IL-2Rα, and IL-2Rγ mRNA levels decreased with age. These altered cytokine mRNA expression patterns may contribute to decreased naive T-cell function(s) with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Large Animal Internal Medicine,
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in family-owned dogs naturally infected by Ehrlichia canis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Watabe A, Hanazono K, Komatsu T, Fu DR, Endo Y, Kadosawa T. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets as a prognostic indicator of mortality and morbidity in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:937-43. [PMID: 22382731 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship among immune status and increased morbidity and mortality, peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD21(+) cells) from 32 healthy dogs over 8 years of age were analyzed. Twenty-five of the 32 dogs were followed-up for 3 years after the analysis; and 14 dogs were found to be diseased, and nine dogs died. There was no notable difference between the ages of the dogs that died compared with the ones that survived. The relative percentage of CD4(+) and the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio decreased notably in dogs falling ill compared with healthy dogs. The relative percentage of CD3(+) lymphocytes showed a notable decrease in dogs that died within 3 years in comparison with dogs that survived. In a discriminant analysis of morbidity and mortality, most patients were correctly classified as diseased or not and surviving or dead, respectively. These results indicate that the immunophenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes in older dogs offer promise as parameters for evaluating mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Watabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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