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Mühlberger M, Janko C, Unterweger H, Friedrich RP, Friedrich B, Band J, Cebulla N, Alexiou C, Dudziak D, Lee G, Tietze R. Functionalization Of T Lymphocytes With Citrate-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles For Magnetically Controlled Immune Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8421-8432. [PMID: 31749616 PMCID: PMC6817714 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s218488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune activation with T cell tumor infiltration is beneficial for the prognosis of patients suffering from solid cancer. Depending on their immune status, solid tumors can be immunologically classified into three groups: "hot" tumors are infiltrated with T lymphocytes, "cold" tumors are not infiltrated and "immune excluded" tumors are only infiltrated in the peripheral tumor tissue. Checkpoint inhibitors provide new therapeutic options for "hot" tumors by triggering the immune response of T cells. In order to enable this for cold tumors as well, T cells must be enriched in the tumor. Therefore, we use the principle of magnetic targeting to guide T cells loaded with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONCitrate) to the tumor by an externally applied magnetic field. METHODS SPIONCitrate were produced by alkaline coprecipitation of iron(II) and iron(III) chloride and in situ coating with sodium citrate. The concentration-dependent cytocompatibility of the particles was determined by flow cytometry and blood stability assays. Atomic emission spectroscopy was used for the quantification of the particle uptake into T lymphocytes. The attractability of the loaded cells was observed by live-cell imaging in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. RESULTS SPIONCitrate displayed good cytocompatibility to T cells and did not show any sign of aggregation in blood. Finally, SPIONCitrate-loaded T cells were strongly attracted by a small external magnet. CONCLUSION T cells can be "magnetized" by incorporation of SPIONCitrate for magnetic targeting. The production of the particle-cell hybrid system is straightforward, as the loading process only requires basic laboratory devices and the loading efficiency is sufficient for cells being magnetically controllable. For these reasons, SPIONCitrate are potential suitable candidates for magnetic T cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mühlberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Band
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Cebulla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Huang G, Liu X, Duszynski DW, Tang X, El-Ashram S, Liu Z, Suo X, Li Q. Improved Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Vaccination with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in 4-1BB Transgenic Pigs. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1846. [PMID: 29326720 PMCID: PMC5741594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most reliable measure to prevent infectious diseases in domestic animals. Development of novel vaccines demands extensive studies with new technologies, such as using novel adjuvants and immunomodulatory molecules. The co-stimulatory molecule 4-1BB provides a key signal that directs the fate of T cells during activation, and thus is important to their function in immune protection. To determine whether host immune responses to viral infection could be promoted by enhancing 4-1BB co-stimulation, in this study, we produced transgenic pig clones expressing an extra copy of the 4-1BB gene by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated gene 9-mediated homologous recombination at the Rosa26 locus. The immune responses of transgenic pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine were determined on day 14. We show that peripheral blood lymphocytes of transgenic pigs expressed around twice the level of 4-1BB mRNA than those of control pigs. We also found IL-2, TNF-α, and granzyme B mRNA levels as well as PRRSV-specific IFN-γ response were significantly upregulated in 4-1BB transgenic pigs, leading to more efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing, whereas the expressions of IL-4, IL-17, and Foxp3 were not affected. These results indicate that higher levels of 4-1BB expression involve in promoting Th1 differentiation and enhancing specific CTL responses to PRRSV, and provide a novel approach to increase the efficacy of current vaccines to control the infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Donal W Duszynski
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzhu Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Mucosal IgA and IFN-γ + CD8 T cell immunity are important in the efficacy of live Salmonella enteria serovar Choleraesuis vaccines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46408. [PMID: 28406162 PMCID: PMC5390296 DOI: 10.1038/srep46408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis, a disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella strains which can be transmitted from swine to humans, is one of the leading public health problems around the world. Paratyphoid of swine is controlled by vaccinating swine with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) live vaccine strain C500 in China. Although the vaccine has good prophylactic efficacy, the mechanism of immunogenicity is unclear. Using a C500-derived paratyphoid thermo-stable live vaccine (PTSL vaccine), we demonstrated that the PTSL vaccine induces strong primary and memory immune responses in piglets. Mucosal IgA and IFN-γ+/CD8+ T cells induced by the PTSL vaccine play key roles in the protection of the host from Salmonella infection. Our findings have important implications on the development of new and improved vaccines against salmonellosis and using live-attenuated Salmonella as vaccine carriers.
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Zhao X, Su H, Huang X, Xie L, Liu Z, Liu X, Suo X. Molecular cloning and protein characterization of swine 4-1BB. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:35-44. [PMID: 23453329 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
4-1BB is expressed on activated T cells and other immune and non-immune cells. It plays important roles in human and mouse T cell function. However, the swine 4-1BB sequence remains unknown and its role in swine T cell response has not been studied. In the present study, we for the first time described the cloning of the swine 4-1BB gene and the property of the protein. Two 4-1BB variants were detected in swine. The coding sequences of variant 1 and variant 2 were 768 and 726 nucleotides in length, respectively, and both variants were coded by 7 exons in the swine genome. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that both swine 4-1BB variants were more closely related to bovine and human sequences than to either the mouse or rat sequence. Prediction analysis showed that swine 4-1BB belonged to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily like human and mouse 4-1BB and the tertiary structures of the swine 4-1BB variants were much more similar to mouse 4-1BB than to human 4-1BB. The 1556bp 5' regulatory sequence cloned by nested PCR efficiently induced green fluorescent protein expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) post nucleofection. Moreover, 4-1BB protein was widely expressed in pig tissues and both variants of swine 4-1BB protein were transmembrane proteins and expressed on the membrane of porcine PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Su H, Zhao X, Huang X, Liu X, Suo X. Molecular cloning and characterization of the full-length cDNA encoding the porcine CD28. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 146:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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