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Pelst M, Höbart C, de Rooster H, Devriendt B, Cox E. Immortalised canine buccal epithelial cells' CXCL8 secretion is affected by allergen extracts, Toll-like receptor ligands, IL-17A and calcitriol. Vet Res 2022; 53:72. [PMID: 36100942 PMCID: PMC9469575 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are known to produce mediators which can influence the behaviour of neighbouring immune cells. Although the oral mucosa has gained increased interest as a route to induce allergy desensitisation and mucosal pathogen immunisation in dogs, there is only limited knowledge on the factors which impact mediator secretion by canine oral epithelial cells. The study’s objective was to enlarge the knowledge on the stimuli that can influence the secretion of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the chemokine CXCL8 by canine buccal epithelial cells. To investigate this, buccal epithelial cells were isolated from a biopsy of a dog and immortalised by lentiviral transduction of the SV40 large T antigen. The cells were stained with a CD49f and cytokeratin 3 antibody to confirm their epithelial origin. Cells were incubated with allergen extracts, Toll-like receptor ligands (TLRL), recombinant cytokines and vitamin A and D metabolites. Subsequently, the secretion of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and the chemokine CXCL8 was assayed by ELISA. Immortalised canine buccal epithelial cells stained positive for CD49f but not for cytokeratin 3. The cells produced detectable amounts of CXCL8 and TGF-β1. A Dermatophagoides farinae extract, an Alternaria alternata extract, Pam3CSK4, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes, FSL-1, flagellin and canine recombinant IL-17A significantly increased CXCL8 secretion, while the vitamin D metabolite calcitriol significantly suppressed the production of this chemokine. This study showed that certain allergens, TLRL, IL-17A and calcitriol modulate CXCL8 secretion in a cell line of canine buccal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pelst
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Clara Höbart
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Chen W, Zhao S, Zhu W, Wu L, Chen X. Retinoids as an Immunity-modulator in Dermatology Disorders. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:355-365. [PMID: 31552446 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest epithelial surface protecting the body from invading microbes. Vitamin A plays vital roles in the host defence of the skin, including promoting epithelial cell integrity, proliferation, and differentiation and even mediating immune responses. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives, retinoid drugs, are widely used to treat skin diseases, such as acne and psoriasis. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of retinoids in dermatology have not been systematically described. In this paper, we discuss the immunological functions of retinoids during disease treatment, especially in skin disorders caused by exogenous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Chermprapai S, Broere F, Schlotter YM, Veldhuizen EJA, Rutten VPMG. A canine keratinocyte cell line expresses antimicrobial peptide and cytokine genes upon stimulation with bacteria, microbial ligands and recombinant cytokines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 206:35-40. [PMID: 30502910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes (KC) are the main cellular components of the stratum corneum that constitutes a solid physical skin barrier representing the first line of defense against pathogens. Moreover, KC are potent producers of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) when activated through their pattern recognition receptors. In atopic dermatitis (AD) the protective skin barrier may be compromised due to barrier disruption, secondary infection and accelerated secretion of inflammatory cytokines which may also affect AMP expression in the skin. In the present study, we addressed the responses of a canine KC cell line upon exposure to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, typically found on canine atopic skin during secondary infections, and stimulation by individual AD-associated ligands and cytokines. All stimuli induced a significant increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8, but with different kinetics. Limited effects were observed on AMP gene expression except for K9CATH which was significantly upregulated upon bacterial infection but with none of the individual AD-associated ligands. Interestingly, K9CATH possessed antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, indicating that K9CATH expression is a specific defense reaction towards bacterial infection and not part of a general pro-inflammatory profile of KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttiwee Chermprapai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands; Department of Companion Animals Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvette M Schlotter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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Asahina R, Maeda S. A review of the roles of keratinocyte-derived cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in humans and dogs. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:16-e5. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Abstract
Itch is the most common clinical problem seen in dogs with skin diseases. Although an etiological classification of canine pruritus does not yet exist, most causes would likely fall into the IFSI class I (dermatological) itch. One of the most common causes of canine itch is that associated with atopic dermatitis, and there is randomized controlled trial grade evidence of the efficacy of several antipruritic interventions. At this time, the mainstay of treatment of canine atopic itch relies principally on the use of topical and/or oral glucocorticoids and oral cyclosporine. Type 1 receptor antihistamines are notorious in their inconsistency in reducing pruritus in atopic dogs. A new Janus kinase (JAK)-1 inhibitor has recently been approved for treatment of allergic itch in dogs, and its onset of efficacy is remarkably fast. Modeling itch in dogs can be achieved by allergen sensitization (fleas, house dust mites), and challenges that elicit pruritic manifestation can be used for mechanistic studies as well as for testing of novel anti-itch modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA,
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White AG, Wolsic CL, Campbell KL, Lavergne SN. Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes express various inflammatory markers, including interleukin-8 and CD40, which are affected by certain antibiotics. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:493-502, e81-2. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G. White
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Wolsic
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Karen L. Campbell
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Sidonie N. Lavergne
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
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Evans NJ, Brown JM, Scholey R, Murray RD, Birtles RJ, Hart CA, Carter SD. Differential inflammatory responses of bovine foot skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes to digital dermatitis treponemes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:12-20. [PMID: 25022220 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a serious infectious inflammatory lameness causing pain and suffering to many cattle worldwide and which has severe economic implications. This study set out to investigate relationships between the treponemes considered causal of BDD and the local inflammatory response of the bovine host. Here we describe, for the first time, the isolation of bovine foot skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts as separate cell lineages. These cell lines were then exposed to treponeme whole-cell sonicates, and the gene expression of selected host inflammatory mediators investigated using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Several genes, including those encoding RANTES/CCL5, MMP12, TNFα, TGFβ and TIMP3 were significantly upregulated in fibroblasts exposed to whole-cell sonicates derived from BDD treponeme phylotypes. For each of the above genes there were similar fibroblast expression increases for all three BDD treponeme phylotypes tested, suggesting common virulence mechanisms. With bovine foot skin keratinocytes, we were unable to detect expression of RANTES/CCL5 and after incubation with BDD treponeme constituents we were unable to observe any significant changes in expression of inflammatory mediators tested. These contrasting results suggest fibroblasts rather than keratinocytes may be an important shared target of pathogenesis for BDD treponemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Evans
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Jennifer M Brown
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Rachel Scholey
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Richard D Murray
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Richard J Birtles
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - C Anthony Hart
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Stuart D Carter
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
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Nuttall T, Reece D, Roberts E. Life-long diseases need life-long treatment: long-term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Rec 2014; 174 Suppl 2:3-12. [PMID: 24682696 PMCID: PMC3995266 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ciclosporin (Atopica; Novartis Animal Health) has been licensed for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) since 2002. Adverse events (AEs) have been reported in 55 per cent of 759 dogs in 15 clinical trials, but are rare in pharmacovigilance data (71.81 AEs/million capsules sold). Gastrointestinal reactions were most common, but were mild and rarely required intervention. Other AEs were rare (≤1 per cent in clinical trials; <10/million capsules sold). Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia and hyperplastic dermatitis were rarely significant and resolved on dose reduction. Ciclosporin decreases staphylococcal and Malassezia infections in AD, and at the recommended dose is not a risk factor for other infections, neoplasia, renal failure or hypertension. The impact on glucose and calcium metabolism is not clinically significant for normal dogs. Concomitant treatment with most drugs is safe. Effects on cytochrome P450 and MDR1 P-glycoprotein activity may elevate plasma ciclosporin concentrations, but short-term changes are not clinically significant. Monitoring of complete blood counts, urinalysis or ciclosporin levels is not justified except with higher than recommended doses and/or long-term concurrent immunosuppressive drugs. Ciclosporin is not a contraindication for killed (including rabies) vaccines, but the licensed recommendation is that live vaccination is avoided during treatment. In conclusion, ciclosporin has a positive risk-benefit profile for the long-term management of canine AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shaw
- UK VetDerm16 Talbot StreetWhitwickLeicestershireLE67 5AWUK
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10
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Kimura T, Sekido M, Iio A, Chimura N, Shibata S, Kamishina H, Kamishina H, Maeda S. Involvement of nuclear factor of activated T cells in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in canine keratinocytes stimulated with a cysteine protease. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:310-4, e69. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Machiko Sekido
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Aki Iio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Naoki Chimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Sanae Shibata
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Harumi Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu; 501-1193; Japan
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Luff JA, Yuan H, Suter MM, Müller EJ, Schlegel R, Moore PF. Canine keratinocytes upregulate type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in response to poly(dA:dT) but not to canine papillomavirus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:177-86. [PMID: 23557936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PV) are double stranded (ds) DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells within the skin or mucosa, most often causing benign neoplasms that spontaneously regress. The immune system plays a key role in the defense against PVs. Since these viruses infect keratinocytes, we wanted to investigate the role of the keratinocyte in initiating an immune response to canine papillomavirus-2 (CPV-2) in the dog. Keratinocytes express a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to distinguish different cutaneous pathogens and initiate an immune response. We examined the mRNA expression patterns for several recently described cytosolic nucleic acid sensing PRRs in canine monolayer keratinocyte cultures using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Unstimulated normal cells were found to express mRNA for melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), DNA-dependent activation of interferon regulatory factors, leucine rich repeat flightless interacting protein 1, and interferon inducible gene 16 (IFI16), as well as their adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, interferon-β promoter stimulator 1, and endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane protein stimulator of interferon genes. When stimulated with synthetic dsDNA [poly(dA:dT)] or dsRNA [poly(I:C)], keratinocytes responded with increased mRNA expression levels for interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-β, RIG-I, IFI16, and MDA5. There was no detectable increase in mRNA expression, however, in keratinocytes infected with CPV-2. Furthermore, CPV-2-infected keratinocytes stimulated with poly(dA:dT) and poly(I:C) showed similar mRNA expression levels for these gene products when compared with expression levels in uninfected cells. These results suggest that although canine keratinocytes contain functional PRRs that can recognize and respond to dsDNA and dsRNA ligands, they do not appear to recognize or initiate a similar response to CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Luff
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Mullin J, Carter S, Williams N, McEwan N, Nuttall T. Transcription of canine toll-like receptor 2, β-defensin 1 and β-defensin 103 in infected atopic skin, non-infected atopic skin, healthy skin and the CPEK cell line. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:700-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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