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Teoh YB, Jiang JJ, Yamasaki T, Nagata N, Sugawara T, Hasebe R, Ohta H, Sasaki N, Yokoyama N, Nakamura K, Kagawa Y, Takiguchi M, Murakami M. An inflammatory bowel disease-associated SNP increases local thyroglobulin expression to develop inflammation in miniature dachshunds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192888. [PMID: 37519997 PMCID: PMC10375717 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by granulomatous inflammation that consists of neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the colon. Recently, we identified five MD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely PLG, TCOF1, TG, COL9A2, and COL4A4, by whole-exome sequencing. Here, we investigated whether TG c.4567C>T (p.R1523W) is associated with the ICRP pathology. We found that the frequency of the T/T SNP risk allele was significantly increased in MDs with ICRP. In vitro experiments showed that TG expression in non-immune cells was increased by inducing the IL-6 amplifier with IL-6 and TNF-α. On the other hand, a deficiency of TG suppressed the IL-6 amplifier. Moreover, recombinant TG treatment enhanced the activation of the IL-6 amplifier, suggesting that TG is both a positive regulator and a target of the IL-6 amplifier. We also found that TG expression together with two NF-κB targets, IL6 and CCL2, was increased in colon samples isolated from MDs with the T/T risk allele compared to those with the C/C non-risk allele, but serum TG was not increased. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the T/T SNP is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of TG mRNA in the colon, and local TG expression triggered by this SNP increases the risk of ICRP in MDs via the IL-6 amplifier. Therefore, TG c.4567C>T is a diagnostic target for ICRP in MDs, and TG-mediated IL-6 amplifier activation in the colon is a possible therapeutic target for ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Teoh
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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El-Desoky Mohamady RE, Elwia SK, Abo El Wafa SM, Mohamed MA. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes and green tea polyphenols on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:147-163. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2039825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sania K. Elwia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Abo El Wafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mona Ataya Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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NAGATA N, OHTA H, YOKOYAMA N, TEOH YB, SASAKI N, NAKAMURA K, TAKIGUCHI M. Characterization of mucin gene expression and goblet cell proportion in inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:872-876. [PMID: 35527018 PMCID: PMC9246683 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperplastic goblet cells and abundant mucus are significant characteristics of
inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds. In this study, selected
mucin gene expressions and goblet cell proportions were evaluated in miniature dachshunds
with ICRPs and in healthy dogs. Mucin 2 (MUC2) gene
expression was not significantly different among the groups, whereas mucin
5AC (MUC5AC) gene expression was significantly higher in the
polypoid lesions than in healthy colonic mucosa. Although the percentage of goblet cells
in the upper crypt regions did not significantly differ between the groups, that in the
lower crypt regions was significantly decreased in polypoid lesions. In conclusion,
increased MUC5AC gene expression and goblet cell proportion changes may
be associated with the pathogenesis of ICRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki NAGATA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroshi OHTA
- Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Nozomu YOKOYAMA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yong Bin TEOH
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Noboru SASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Kensuke NAKAMURA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
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4
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Daldaban F, Karaca Bekdik İ, Aslan Ö, Akyüz B, Akçay A, Arslan K. Investigation of TLR1-9 genes and miR-155 expression in dogs infected with canine distemper. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 79:101711. [PMID: 34601173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship of toll-like receptor (TLR) 1-9 genes and microRNA (miR) -155 expression levels with hematologic parameters in dogs diagnosed with canine distemper. In the study, two groups were used pre-treatment and post-treatment. Infected dogs were diagnosed with canine distemper with the help of a rapid test kit and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Based on the correlation coefficients between the expression levels of the genes examined within the scope of the study and hematologic values, a positive correlation was found between the TLR2 gene and the monocyte (MON) value and between the TLR4 gene and the platelet (PLT) value in the pre-treatment group. A strong positive correlation was identified between TLR3 and TLR9 genes and erythrocyte (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) values; between TLR5 gene and RBC, HGB and hematocrit (HCT) values and between TLR9 gene and RBC and HGB values in the post-treatment group, on the other hand, a positive correlation was found between TLR1 gene and MON and neutrophil (GRAN) values; between TLR3 gene and HCT value and between TLR9 gene and MON and HCT values. The study concluded that miR-155 and TLR8 gene were upregulated at a statistically significant level (P < 0.05) Post-treatment in dogs infected with canine distemper and there was a positive correlation between the upregulation of miR-155 and the upregulation of TLR8 in the same period. This result suggests that the upregulated miR-155 expression post-treatment increased TLR8 gene expression. In the light of these findings, it miR-155 may have the potential to be used in clinical practice in the treatment or prognosis of dogs infected with canine distemper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Daldaban
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Karaca Bekdik
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Öznur Aslan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Aytaç Akçay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey.
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5
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Ohta H, Tamura Y, Yokoyama N, Nagata N, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Kagawa Y, Morishita K, Takiguchi M. Gene expression of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein in the polypoid lesion of inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1445-1449. [PMID: 32759576 PMCID: PMC7653302 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) are speculated to be a breed-specific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) has been identified as a novel biomarker of human IBD. The aim of this study was to examine LRG gene expression in the polypoid lesions of ICRPs. Polypoid lesion specimens were collected from 24 MDs with ICRPs. Nonpolypoid colonic mucosa was collected from 18 MDs with ICRPs and 10 controls. The gene expression of LRG, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-22 was examined. The expression of LRG gene was significantly increased in the polypoid lesions of ICRPs and correlated with that of the four cytokines. In conclusion, the LRG gene was expressed within the polypoid lesions of ICRPs and might be associated with local cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yu Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Present address: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- NORTH LAB, Hondori 2-chome, kita8-35, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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6
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Konishi K, Igarashi H, Maeda S, Uchida E, Hanazono K, Tamamoto T, Uchida K, Endoh D, Ohno K. Distribution of regulatory T cells in inflammatory colorectal polyps of miniature dachshunds. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 218:109938. [PMID: 31518913 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP) is an emerging disease in Miniature Dachshunds (MDs). Animals with this disease exhibit multiple polyps with severe neutrophil infiltration that respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Macrophages in polypoid lesions have been described to play an important role in neutrophil infiltration in the lesion by producing IL-8. In contrast, IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was also reported to be upregulated in polypoid lesions, but its significance in the pathogenesis of ICRP has not been clarified. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main source of IL-10 production and contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, the objective of this research was to compare the distribution of Tregs in polypoid lesions of ICRPs and the association between the distribution and expression of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Tissue biopsy specimens of polypoid lesions were collected from 28 MDs with ICRP. Those of macroscopically non-polypoid colonic mucosa from 24 MDs with ICRPs and 21 control dogs were further included as controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify gene expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) in each tissue sample. The numbers of Foxp3-positive cells (Tregs) and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells (macrophages) were determined by immunohistochemistry. The gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β, and Foxp3 was significantly upregulated in polypoid lesions relative to control levels. The numbers of Foxp3-positive Tregs and Iba-1-positive macrophages were significantly increased in polypoid lesions compared to those in the non-polypoid colonic mucosa of MDs with ICRPs and control dogs. The upregulation of IL-10 was moderately correlated with the distribution of Tregs in polypoid lesions from MDs with ICRPs. In addition, the relative upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in polypoid lesions, compared to expression in non-polypoid colonic mucosa of MDs with ICRPs, was significantly greater than that of IL-10. These results indicate that increases in Treg numbers and anti-inflammatory cytokines in polypoid lesions comprise reactive changes in response to the inflammation, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Konishi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Igarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daiji Endoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Aono K, Azuma YT, Nabetani T, Hatoya S, Furuya M, Miki M, Hirota K, Fujimoto Y, Nishiyama K, Ogata Y, Mochizuki T, Tani H. Correlation between toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and pathological severity in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 210:15-22. [PMID: 30947975 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), and TNF-α play important roles in human inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 4, NOD2, and TNF-α and the severity of chronic gastrointestinal diseases in dogs. We examined the expression levels of TLR4, NOD2, and TNF-α in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum obtained from 21 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, high-grade lymphoma, food responsive enteropathy, chronic pancreatitis, low-grade lymphoma, inflammatory colorectal polyp, and chronic colitis. Next, we demonstrated whether there is good correlation between the expression levels of TLR4, NOD2, and TNF-α and the histopathological analysis of each sample. We found that the level of TLR4 expression in the ileum of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease was positively associated with the histopathological severity. We also found that the level of NOD2 expression in the duodenum, stomach, and rectum was positively associated with the histopathological severity. However, there was no correlation between TNF-α expression in the 5 regions tested in this study and the histopathological severity. These findings indicate that TLR4 and NOD2 are remarkably associated with the severity of chronic gastrointestinal disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Aono
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Nabetani
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University College of Life, Environmental, and Advanced Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Laboratory of Cell Pathobiology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Miki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Course of Integrated Bioscience, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Course of Plant Production Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
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Eissa N, Kittana H, Gomes-Neto JC, Hussein H. Mucosal immunity and gut microbiota in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:156-164. [PMID: 30504001 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs is a chronic and relapsing immunopathology, of unknown etiology, that usually manifests with a plethora of clinical signs reflecting the underlying heterogeneity in its pathogenesis. Alterations of the mucosal immune responses and the gut microbiota composition are thought to play an essential role in CE. Similar to humans, it is hypothesized that the breakdown in mucosal tolerance leads to aberrant and pathological immune responses toward the gut microbiota, that in turn, may contribute to the severity of disease, at least for certain CE subsets. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some of the most relevant and recent insights microbiological and immunological aspects characterizing CE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - João Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Saito T, Chambers JK, Nakashima K, Uchida E, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Histopathologic Features of Colorectal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma Developing Within Inflammatory Polyps in Miniature Dachshunds. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:654-662. [PMID: 29852840 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818777798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biopsy samples of colorectal polyps were collected and examined from 67 Miniature Dachshund dogs (including 35 cases with an additional biopsy). Histopathologic diagnoses of the initial biopsy samples were "inflammatory polyp" in 52 cases (78%), "adenoma" in 10 cases (15%), and "adenocarcinoma" in 5 cases (8%). Eight of 10 cases (80%) diagnosed as adenoma also had inflammatory polyp lesions in the same specimen. A second biopsy was performed in 25 cases (48%) initially diagnosed with inflammatory polyp. Pathologic diagnoses for the second biopsy were inflammatory polyp in 11 cases (44%), adenoma in 9 cases (36%), and adenocarcinoma in 5 cases (20%). The number of beta-catenin-positive nuclei in epithelial cells was significantly higher in adenoma (46%) and adenocarcinoma (75%) as compared with inflammatory polyp (6%). Normal epithelial cells and hyperplastic goblet cells in inflammatory polyps showed homogeneous positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) antigen. However, APC expression was decreased in areas of intense nuclear beta-catenin expression in adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions. Foci of cytokeratin 5/6-positive squamous cell-like neoplastic cells showed intense beta-catenin nuclear expression that was similar to squamous morules described in human colorectal tumors. The results of the present study suggest that the inflammatory polyp in Miniature Dachshunds is a progressive disease that may develop into adenoma and/or adenocarcinoma. In addition, immunohistochemical findings suggest that aberrations of APC and beta-catenin expression may be involved in tumor development within the inflammatory polyp lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Saito
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Nakashima
- 2 Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- 3 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- 3 Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
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Murakami A, Shibahashi A, Iwasaki R, Kawabe M, Murakami M, Sakai H, Mori T. Combination Chlorambucil/Firocoxib or Chlorambucil/Prednisolone Treatment for Inflammatory Colorectal Polyps in Miniature Dachshunds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:161-166. [PMID: 29558217 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRP), which are more commonly recognized in miniature dachshunds, are thought to represent an immune-mediated disease. This retrospective case series describes six miniature dachshunds with refractory ICRP, who were treated with chlorambucil (CLB) combined with firocoxib or prednisolone. Improvement in clinical manifestations was seen in five of the six dogs by the end of the study period; four were treated with CLB/firocoxib and one with CLB/prednisolone. One dog had nonregenerative anemia after 23 mo of treatment with CLB, but whether there was a causative relationship was unclear. No severe adverse events were observed during treatment in the remaining five dogs. CLB in combination with firocoxib or prednisolone appears to be an effective alternative treatment for ICRP in dogs. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and long-term complications of CLB treatment for ICRP in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayami Shibahashi
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwasaki
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Heilmann RM, Allenspach K. Pattern-recognition receptors: signaling pathways and dysregulation in canine chronic enteropathies—brief review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:781-787. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717728545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed by innate immune cells and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules. With a large potential for synergism or convergence between their signaling pathways, PRRs orchestrate a complex interplay of cellular mediators and transcription factors, and thus play a central role in homeostasis and host defense. Aberrant activation of PRR signaling, mutations of the receptors and/or their downstream signaling molecules, and/or DAMP/PAMP complex–mediated receptor signaling can potentially lead to chronic auto-inflammatory diseases or development of cancer. PRR signaling pathways appear to also present an interesting new avenue for the modulation of inflammatory responses and to serve as potential novel therapeutic targets. Evidence for a dysregulation of the PRR toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–containing protein (NOD)2, and the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) exists in dogs with chronic enteropathies. We describe the TLR, NOD2, and RAGE signaling pathways and evaluate the current veterinary literature—in comparison to human medicine—to determine the role of TLRs, NOD2, and RAGE in canine chronic enteropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany (Heilmann)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Allenspach)
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany (Heilmann)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Allenspach)
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12
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Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Kagawa Y, Nagata N, Nisa K, Morita T, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Stimulation of colorectal biopsies from miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps with toll-like receptor ligands: A pilot study. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 188:78-83. [PMID: 28615131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) are a possible novel form of breed-specific canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of different Toll like receptor (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9) ligands on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) gene expression in ex vivo-cultured colorectal samples from four MDs with ICRPs and four healthy MDs. At baseline, no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of TLRs and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed between cases and control MDs. After 4-h incubation, the relative ratios of TNF-α mRNA expression in the TLR2- or TLR4-stimulated colorectal samples, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the TLR9-stimulated colorectal samples form cases showed higher tendency compared with healthy MDs (P<0.05), although statistically not significant. The results of this pilot study using small number of cases indicated that reactivity against TLR2, TLR4 or TLR9 ligand in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines might be enhanced in the colorectal mucosa of ICRPs. Further research is needed to perform the functional analysis of TLRs in the sole cell population using intestinal epithelial primary culture and the mononuclear cells isolated from colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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13
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Soy protein concentrate mitigates markers of colonic inflammation and loss of gut barrier function in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 40:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Yamazaki J, Kagawa Y, Ichii O, Khoirun N, Morita T, Osuga T, Lim SY, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Takiguchi M. Localization of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 mRNA in the Colorectal Mucosa of Miniature Dachshunds with Inflammatory Colorectal Polyps. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:183-190. [PMID: 28089357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) are characterized by the formation of multiple or solitary polyps with marked neutrophil infiltration in the colorectal area, and are speculated to be a novel form of breed-specific canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human IBD, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the colorectal mucosa of dogs with ICRPs by in-situ hybridization using an RNAscope assay. Samples of inflamed colorectal mucosa (n = 5) and non-inflamed mucosa (n = 5) from miniature dachshunds (MDs) with ICRPs and colonic mucosa from healthy beagles (n = 5) were examined. TLR2 and TLR4 hybridization signals were localized to the colorectal epithelium, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the inflamed colorectal mucosa of affected dogs. The signals were significantly greater in inflamed colorectal epithelium compared with non-inflamed epithelium of MDs with ICRPs and healthy beagles (P <0.05). These results suggest that increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the inflamed colorectal mucosa results from not only inflammatory cell infiltration, but also the upregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - J Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Kagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sapporo, Japan
| | - O Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Khoirun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Y Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Igarashi H, Ohno K, Horigome A, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Odamaki T, Tsujimoto H. Fecal dysbiosis in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:41-6. [PMID: 27033906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic gastrointestinal disease is associated with the alteration of gastrointestinal microbiota. Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) are commonly observed in miniature dachshunds (MDs) in Japan and are characterized by multiple polyps that are restricted in the colorectal mucosa with severe neutrophil infiltration. This study was aimed to compare the fecal microbiota of ICRP-affected MDs with that of healthy MDs. High-throughput sequencing of amplicons derived from the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was applied using the Illumina MiSeq system. Principal coordinates analysis revealed that fecal microbiota of ICRP-affected MDs was significantly altered compared with that of healthy MDs. Proportions of Fusobacteriaceae, Helicobacteraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Turicibacteraceae were significantly more abundant in ICRP-affected MDs, while those of Lachnospiraceae were significantly less abundant in ICRP-affected MDs compared with healthy MDs. These results suggest that the dysbiosis is associated with ICRPs and is a potential therapeutic target, though further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Ayako Horigome
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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16
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Fukushima K, Eguchi N, Ohno K, Kanemoto H, Takahashi M, Igarashi H, Ohmi A, Nakashima K, Tsujimoto H. Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of refractory inflammatory colorectal polyps in 15 Miniature Dachshunds. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:265-9. [PMID: 26460312 PMCID: PMC4785116 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP), common in miniature dachshunds, presents with hematochezia, tenesmus
and mucoid feces. Although an 80% response rate has been reported when treated with prednisolone and
cyclosporine, effective treatment is needed for the remaining 20% of ICRP dogs. Leflunomide is an
immunosuppressive drug reported as effective in several immune-mediated diseases. In the present study, we
retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide in 15 ICRP dogs that were refractory
to treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporine. Treatment efficacy was assessed by endoscopy, clinical
symptoms and rectal palpation. Adverse effects were determined by clinical symptoms and blood testing during
follow-up. The leflunomide treatment response rate was 93.3%. The median dosage of leflunomide and the median
response time were 3 mg/kg (range: 1.7–4.0 mg/kg) and 35 days (range: 20–119 days), respectively. Adverse
effects observed included lethargy (3 dogs), anorexia (1 dog), respiratory symptoms (1 dog), leukocytopenia (2
dogs), thrombocytopenia (1 dog), anemia (1 dog) and liver enzyme elevation (8 dogs). Most of the adverse
effects improved with symptomatic treatment and leflunomide discontinuation or dosage reduction. In
conclusion, leflunomide treatment is effective in ICRP dogs refractory to treatment with prednisolone and
cyclosporine. Because several adverse effects were observed, close monitoring is needed during leflunomide
treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Igarashi H, Ohno K, Uchida E, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Uchida K, Tsujimoto H. Polymorphisms of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:160-9. [PMID: 25746347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) frequently occur in miniature dachshunds (MDs) in Japan, typically form multiple polyps with severe neutrophil infiltration. ICRPs are speculated as a novel, breed-specific canine inflammatory bowel disease. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play an important role in the differentiation of pathogens from commensal bacteria and food antigens, and polymorphisms of various PRRs have been shown to be associated with human and canine IBD. We recently reported that the reactivity of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR2, and TLR2/6 are greater in ICRP-affected MDs than that in controls. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRRs associated with ICRPs in MDs. Mutational analysis of canine NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 genes was performed with six ICRP-affected MDs, five control MDs, and five healthy beagles. The mutational analysis identified 13 non-synonymous SNPs in NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 genes, of which six SNPs in NOD2 exon 3 were further analyzed in an association study using 63 ICRP-affected MDs, 82 control MDs, and 237 control dogs of various breeds. Four of the SNPs (A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A of the NOD2 gene) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and in complete linkage disequilibrium in MDs, and their minor allele frequencies were significantly lower in ICRP-affected MDs than in control MDs (0.016 vs. 0.140, P=0.0002). The calculated inheritance model was an additive model (odds ratio=0.10, 95% confidence interval=0.02-0.45, P=0.0001), which indicates that the haplotype with minor alleles in these SNPs (A, T, C, and G in A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A) possess a protective effect regarding the development of ICRPs. However, these SNPs were not specific for MDs, although the minor allele frequencies of these SNPs in control MDs were significantly lower than in other breed dogs. These results suggest that the identified four SNPs (A1532G, T1573C, C1688G, and G1880A in the NOD2 gene) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICRPs in MDs. Because the majority of MDs and other breed dogs do not have the protective alleles, their absence may not be a specific cause of ICRPs in MDs but rather contribute to the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Eri Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Igarashi H, Ohno K, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Uchida K, Tsujimoto H. Inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature Dachshunds frequently develop ventrally in the colorectal mucosa. Vet J 2014; 203:256-8. [PMID: 25576139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the hypothesis that inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) in miniature Dachshunds are more likely to occur ventrally in the colorectum. Angle-fixed colonoscopic images were collected from 11 miniature Dachshunds with ICRPs and randomly rotated. Macroscopic severity at 12 divided angles was scored by four veterinarians blinded to the rotation angle. Mean prevalence and severity scores of ICRPs were significantly higher ventrally than dorsally (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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