1
|
Moens C, Filée P, Boes A, Alie C, Dufrasne F, André E, Marché S, Fretin D. Identification of New Mycobacterium bovis antigens and development of a multiplexed serological bead-immunoassay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292590. [PMID: 37812634 PMCID: PMC10561873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis require the use of multiple Mycobacterium bovis specific antigens to ensure the detection of infected animals. In the present study, identification and selection process of antigens, based on data from published proteomic studies and involving the use of bioinformatics tools and an immuno-screening step, was firstly performed for identifying novel antigens that elicit an antibody response in M. bovis infection. Based on this approach, a panel of 10 M. bovis antigens [with known relevance (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, and ESAT6/CFP10) and novel (Mb1961c, Mb1301c, Mb3871, Mb1403, Mb0592, and PE25/PPE41)] were constructed and thenused to develop a new multiplexed serological assay based on Luminex technology. The performance of the Luminex-bTB immunoassay was evaluated using sera from cattle with known tuberculosis status. Among the proteins whose ability to detect bovine tuberculosis was evaluated for the first time, PE25/PPE41 and Mb1403, but not Mb3871, showed good detection capacity. Following multiple antigen combination, the final Luminex-bTB immunoassay included seven antigens (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, ESAT6/CFP10, PE25/PPE41, Mb1403, and Mb0592) and showed better global performance than the immunoassay using the four usual antigens (MPB70, MPB70/83, MPB83 and ESAT6/CFP10). The specificity and sensitivity values were, respectively, of 97.6% and 42.8% when the cut-off of two-positive antigens was used to classify samples as positive. With the use of the more-restrictive criterion of three-positive antigens, the specificity increased to 99.2% but the sensitivity decreased to 23.9%. The analysis of antigen profiles generated with the Luminex-bTB immunoassay showed that mainly serodominant proteins were recognized in samples from infected cattle. The detection of Mb1961c and Mb1301c appeared to be associated with presumed false-positive results. Moreover, sera from cattle originating from bTB-outbreaks but having inconclusive or negative skin test results were identified as positive by the Luminex-bTB immunoassay and showed an antigen pattern associated with M. bovis infection. The Luminex-bTB immunoassay including seven antigens may be useful as adjunct test for the detection of M. bovis-infected herds, and different cut-offs could be applied according to the bovine tuberculosis epidemiological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrice Filée
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | - Adrien Boes
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | | | - François Dufrasne
- Department of Human Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel André
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng C, Liu J, Kang X, Xu Z, Xu S, Li X, Pan Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Discrepancy in Response of Mouse Dendritic Cells against BCG: Weak Immune Effects of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Compared to Classical Dendritic Cells despite the Uptake of Bacilli. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030140. [PMID: 36977141 PMCID: PMC10057906 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a zoonosis characterized by chronic respiratory infections, is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is associated with one of the heaviest disease burdens in the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role and act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses against TB. DCs are divided into distinct subsets. Currently, the response of DCs to mycobacterial infections is poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the responses of splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), subsets to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. Splenic pDC had a significantly higher infection rate and intracellular bacterial count than cDC and the CD8+ and CD8− cDC subsets after BCG infection. However, the expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II molecules were significantly upregulated in splenic cDC and the CD8 cDC subsets compared to pDC during BCG infection. Splenic cDC had a higher expression of IFN-γ and IL-12p70 than pDC, whereas pDC had higher levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 than cDC in mice infected with BCG. At early stages of immunization with BCG containing the Ag85A protein, splenic cDC and pDC could present the Ag85A peptide to a specific T hybridoma; however, cDC had a stronger antigen presenting activity than pDC. In summary, splenic cDC and pDC extensively participate in mouse immune responses against BCG infection in vivo. Although pDC had a higher BCG uptake, cDC induced stronger immunological effects, including activation and maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alvarez AH. Revisiting tuberculosis screening: An insight to complementary diagnosis and prospective molecular approaches for the recognition of the dormant TB infection in human and cattle hosts. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126853. [PMID: 34536677 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is defined as a chronic infection in both human and cattle hosts and many subclinical cases remain undetected. After the pathogen is inhaled by a host, phagocyted bacilli can persist inside macrophages surviving intracellularly. Hosts develop granulomatous lesions in the lungs or lymph nodes, limiting infection. However, bacilli become persister cells. Immunological diagnosis of TB is performed basically by routine tuberculin skin test (TST), and in some cases, by ancillary interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The concept of human latent TB infection (LTBI) by M. tuberculosis is recognized in cohorts without symptoms by routine clinical diagnostic tests, and nowadays IGRA tests are used to confirm LTBI with either active or latent specific antigens of M. tuberculosis. On the other hand, dormant infection in cattle by M. bovis has not been described by TST or IGRA testing as complications occur by cross-reactive immune responses to homolog antigens of environmental mycobacteria or a false-negative test by anergic states of a wained bovine immunity, evidencing the need for deciphering more specific biomarkers by new-generation platforms of analysis for detection of M. bovis dormant infection. The study and description of bovine latent TB infection (boLTBI) would permit the recognition of hidden animal infection with an increase in the sensitivity of routine tests for an accurate estimation of infected dairy cattle. Evidence of immunological and experimental analysis of LTBI should be taken into account to improve the study and the description of the still neglected boLTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel H Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Av. Normalistas 800 C.P. 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia A, Xu Z, Hu T, Li X, Zhu Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Development of a flow cytometry assay for bovine interleukin-2 and its preliminary application in bovine tuberculosis detection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110112. [PMID: 32892112 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), poses a risk of infection for livestock, humans, and wildlife. An interferon (IFN)-γ release assay has been used with tuberculin skin tests to detect bTB; however, infected animals may still be missed. Previous studies have suggested that bovine interleukin-2 (BoIL-2) may act as a potential biological marker for the diagnosis of bovine infectious diseases. However, a detailed evaluation of IL-2 as a diagnostic target for bTB is lacking. Therefore, we established hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing the native BoIL-2 and developed a flow cytometry assay, based on the BoIL-2 mAbs, for detecting M. bovis-specific IL-2. Subsequently, the method was utilized for a preliminary investigation of bTB in cattle; significantly (P < 0.0001) more CD4+IL-2+ T cells were detected in infected cattle than in healthy animals when a specific mycobacterial antigen CFP-10-ESAT-6 fusion protein was used. Moreover, our method demonstrated high coincidence rates with the BOVIGAM® test and an IFN-γ flow cytometry assay for the diagnosis of bTB. These findings show that the present method may be useful for detecting bTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhaocheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Ruan Q, Shen Y, Wang S, Shao L, Zhang W. Assessing and screening for T-cell epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD2 proteins for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:462-471. [PMID: 30528601 PMCID: PMC9425668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.10.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Region of D eletion 2 (RD2) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes reserved antigens that contribute to bacterial virulence. Among these antigens, Rv1983, Rv1986, Rv1987, and Rv1989c have been shown to be immunodominant in infected cattle; however, their diagnostic utility has not been evaluated in humans. In this study, we screened 87 overlapping synthetic peptides encoded by five RD2 proteins for diagnosing tuberculosis epitopes in 50 active tuberculosis (TB) cases, 31 non-tuberculosis patients and 36 healthy individuals. A pool of promising epitopes was then assessed for their diagnostic value in 233 suspected TB patients using a whole blood IFN-γ release assay. Only 10 peptides were recognized by more than 10% of active tuberculosis patients. The IFN-γ release responses to Rv1986-P9, P15, P16, Rv1988-P4, P11, and Rv1987-P11 were significantly higher in the active TB group than in the control groups (p < 0.05). The whole blood IFN-γ release assay based on these epitopes yielded a sensitivity of 51% and a specificity of 85% in diagnosing active tuberculosis, and the corresponding results using the T-SPOT.TB assay were 76% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that the six epitopes from the RD2 of M. tuberculosis have potential diagnostic value in TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Chen
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoling Ruan
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaojie Shen
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alvarez A, Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Gómez-Entzin V, Pérez-Mayorga G, Naranjo-Bastién J, González-Martínez V, Milián-Suazo F, Martínez-Velázquez M, Herrera-Rodríguez S, Hinojoza-Loza E. Assessment of antigenic supplementation of bovine purified protein derivative for diagnosis of subclinical infection with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Elnaggar MM, Abdellrazeq GS, Elsisy A, Mahmoud AH, Shyboub A, Sester M, Khaliel SA, Singh M, Torky HA, Davis WC. Evaluation of antigen specific interleukin-1β as a biomarker to detect cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 105:53-59. [PMID: 28610788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major world-wide health problem that has been difficult to control, due to the lack of an effective vaccine and limited ability of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the ancillary whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) to detect all infected animals. A 6 h cytokine flow cytometric IFN-γ (CFC) assay was developed in effort to overcome these limitations and expand methods for studying the mechanisms of bTB immunopathogenesis. The present study was conducted to evaluate IL-1β as a biomarker to use in conjunction with the IFN-γ CFC assay to improve the diagnostic accuracy for bTB. Three animal groups with predefined Mbv infection status were used for analysis of IL-1β in plasma from whole blood cultures stimulated with ESAT-6/CFP-10 for 20-24 h. Parallel stimulations were performed for enumeration of IFN-γ producing T cells. Data analysis showed that Mbv infected animals have a higher frequency of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells and plasma IL-1β than animals exposed to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or uninfected control animals, with a significant correlation between the two readouts, thus allowing differentiation between the three animal groups. IL-1β has the potential to serve as an additional biomarker for detecting cattle infected with Mbv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Gaber S Abdellrazeq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Alaa Elsisy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa H Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq Shyboub
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Institutes for Infection Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Samy A Khaliel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helmy A Torky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - William C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serrano M, Elguezabal N, Sevilla IA, Geijo MV, Molina E, Arrazuria R, Urkitza A, Jones GJ, Vordermeier M, Garrido JM, Juste RA. Tuberculosis Detection in Paratuberculosis Vaccinated Calves: New Alternatives against Interference. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169735. [PMID: 28072845 PMCID: PMC5224860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis vaccination in cattle has been restricted due to its possible interference with the official diagnostic methods used in tuberculosis eradication programs. To overcome this drawback, new possibilities to detect Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle in paratuberculosis vaccinated animals were studied under experimental conditions. Three groups of 5 calves each were included in the experiment: one paratuberculosis vaccinated group, one paratuberculosis vaccinated and M. bovis infected group and one M. bovis infected group. The performance of the IFN-gamma release assay (IGRA) and the skin test using conventional avian and bovine tuberculins (A- and B-PPD) but also other more specific antigens (ESAT-6/CFP10 and Rv3615c) was studied under official and new diagnostic criteria. Regarding the IGRA of vaccinated groups, when A- and B-PPD were used the sensitivity reached 100% at the first post-challenge sampling, dropping down to 40–80% in subsequent samplings. The sensitivity for the specific antigens was 80–100% and the specificity was also improved. After adapting the diagnostic criteria for the conventional antigens in the skin test, the ability to differentiate between M. bovis infected and non-infected animals included in paratuberculosis vaccinated groups was enhanced. Taking for positive a relative skin thickness increase of at least 100%, the single intradermal test specificity and sensitivity yielded 100%. The comparative intradermal test was equally accurate considering a B-PPD relative skin increase of at least 100% and greater than or equal to that produced by A-PPD. Using the specific antigens as a proteic cocktail, the specificity and sensitivity reached 100% considering the new relative and absolute cut-offs in all experimental groups (Δ≥30% and Δmm ≥ 2, respectively). Results suggest that the interference caused by paratuberculosis vaccination in cattle could be completely overcome by applying new approaches to the official tuberculosis diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Serrano
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María V. Geijo
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rakel Arrazuria
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Gareth J. Jones
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology, Department of Bacteriology, APHA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology, Department of Bacteriology, APHA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- SERIDA, Agri-food Research and Development Regional Service, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|