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Chen J, Han P, Liu X, Wang X. Characterization of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) STAT members: An immune-related gene family involved in Edwardsiella tarda and temperature stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108818. [PMID: 37201733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members are not only the transcriptional activators, but also play important roles in regulating inflammatory response. Some members have been reported to be involved in innate bacterial and antiviral immunity in aquatic organisms. However, no systematic research on STATs has been found in teleost. In this present study, we characterized six STAT genes in Japanese flounder based on bioinformatics methods, namely PoSTAT1, PoSTAT2, PoSTAT3, PoSTAT4, PoSTAT5 and PoSTAT6. The phylogenetic analysis of STATs in fish indicated that STATs were highly conserved and revealed an absence of STAT5 in a few species. Further analysis of gene structures and motifs showed STAT proteins shared a similar structure and probably had similar functionality in Japanese flounder. The expression profiles of different development stages and tissues demonstrated that PoSTATs exhibited specificity in temporality and spatiality as well as PoSTAT4 was highly expressed in gill. The transcriptome data analysis of E. tarda and temperature stress showed that PoSTAT1 and PoSTAT2 were more respective to these two kinds of stress. In addition, the results also demonstrated that these PoSTATs might regulate immune response in different ways, manifested by up-regulation in E. tarda infection and down-regulation in temperature stress. In a word, this systematic analysis of PoSTATs would provide valuable information about the phylogenetic relationship of STATs in fish species and help understand the role of STAT genes in the immune response of Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Dai M, Radhakrishnan S, Li R, Tan R, Yan K, Fan G, Liu M. Targeted Protein Degradation: An Important Tool for Drug Discovery for "Undruggable" Tumor Transcription Factors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221095950. [PMID: 35466792 PMCID: PMC9047787 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221095950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional small-molecule drugs (SMDs) are compounds characterized by low
molecular weight, high cell permeability, and high selectivity. In clinical
translation, SMDs are regarded as good candidates for oral drug formulation. SMD
inhibitors play an important role in cancer treatment; however, resistance and
low effectiveness have been major bottlenecks in clinical application.
Generally, only 20% of cell proteins can potentially be targeted and have been
developed as SMDs; thus, some types of tumor targets are considered
“undruggable.” Among these are transcription factors (TFs), an important class
of proteins that regulate the occurrence, formation, and development of tumors.
It is difficult for SMDs and macromolecular drugs to identify bioactive sites in
TFs and hence for use as pharmacological inhibitors in targeting TF proteins.
For this reason, technologies that enable targeted protein degradation, such as
proteolysis-targeting chimera or molecular glues, could serve as a potential
tool to solve these conundrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Dai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 598782Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuo Yan
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,477382The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pathology, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hillion S, Arleevskaya MI, Blanco P, Bordron A, Brooks WH, Cesbron JY, Kaveri S, Vivier E, Renaudineau Y. The Innate Part of the Adaptive Immune System. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:151-154. [PMID: 31154567 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response provides a first line of defense against common microorganisms and, for more complex and/or recurring situations where pathogens must be eliminated, an adaptive immune response has emerged and evolved to provide better protection against subsequent infections. However, such dichotomy has to be reevaluated because innate B cells (e.g., B1 and marginal zone B cells) and the newly described innate lymphoid cells (iLC) have been found to exhibit innate-like properties, such as antigen internalization, regulatory B cell functions, and helper T cell activities. In addition, the production and function of natural antibodies (nAbs) by innate B cells and their capacity to activate the classical complement pathway constitute additional important mechanisms at the junction of innate and adaptive immunity as well as the recent integration of platelets into the innate immune spectrum. There is no doubt that these mechanisms present an advantage in immunity and homeostasis particularly during the first years of life, but arguments are arising to consider that these precursors may have detrimental effects in a variety of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, allergies and cancers, as well as in response to immunotherapy. Accordingly, and as presented in this special issue of Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, a better comprehension of the key molecular and cellular actors implicated at the crossroads of the innate and adaptive immune response represents a new challenge in our understanding of the immunological and immunopathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Patrick Blanco
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Srini Kaveri
- INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Brest, France. .,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, BP 824, F-29609, Brest, France.
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Du L, Zhou H, Qin L, Wei H, Zhang A, Yang K, Wang X. Identification and functional evaluation of two STAT3 variants in grass carp: Implication for the existence of specific alternative splicing of STAT3 gene in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:326-333. [PMID: 28698048 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A STAT family member, STAT3, becomes activated as a DNA binding protein in response to cytokines and growth factors. In teleost, STAT3 cDNA has been cloned and identified in a few species, but only a single STAT3 transcript is revealed in these studies. In the present study, two variants of STAT3 gene generated by alternative splicing were isolated from grass carp and nominated as STAT3α1 and STAT3α2 based on the homology with their mammalian orthologs. In particular, the homologs of STAT3α1/2 were also found in various fish species, including zebrafish, takifugu, tilapia, medaka and goldfish. Intriguingly, sequence alignment and genomic structure analysis revealed that fish STAT3α1/2 are generated through similar alternative splicing events, implying the potential physiological significance of generating STAT3 variants in fish. Grass carp STAT3α1/2 (gcSTAT3α1/2) were ubiquitously expressed although the transcript levels of STAT3α2 were markedly higher than STAT3α1 in all examined tissues. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that the expression patterns of these two variants were similar under the stimulation of immune stimuli. To reveal the role of gcSTAT3α1/2 in fish immunity, their phosphorylation and involvement in IL-17A/F1 mRNA expression were demonstrated in grass carp peripheral blood lymphocytes upon LPS or PHA challenge, providing evidence for the functional conservation of STAT3 signaling in fish. These findings also raise a question of whether both gcSTAT3α1/2 participate in transcriptional regulation in fish. Actually, our results showed that both of them had the ability to translocate into the nucleus upon activation, and to amplify IL-10 signaling, indicating the existence of STAT3 isoforms with functional redundancy in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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