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Oliveira ACD, de Souza CMS, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Diniz SA, de Souza Lima E, Blagitz MG, Veras RC, Heinemann MB, Libera AMMPD, De Vliegher S, de Carvalho Fernandes AC, Souza FN. Periparturient blood T-lymphocyte PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression as potential predictors of new intramammary infections in dairy cows during early lactation (short communication). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:146. [PMID: 38641805 PMCID: PMC11031919 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periparturient period in dairy cows is marked by immunosuppression which increases the likelihood of infectious disorders, particularly also mastitis. An in-depth understanding of peripartum leukocyte biology is vital for the implementation of highly successful post-partum disease prevention measures. Immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), are critical inhibitory receptors expressed on immune cells, particularly T cells, that drive immunosuppressive signaling pathways. However, the potential role of immune checkpoint molecules expression in T-cells on udder health has never been explored. Thus, the association between the occurrence of new postpartum intramammary infections (IMIs) and the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) on blood T-cells during the peripartum period was investigated. RESULTS In this study, the incidence of IMIs by any pathogen in early lactation was not associated with a higher expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in the periparturient period. However, the incidence of IMIs by major pathogens throughout the first month of lactation was significantly associated with higher expression of PD-1 at 14 days before calving (P = 0.03) and CTLA-4 at parturition (P = 0.03) by blood T-cells. Also, the expression of CTLA-4 at D0 (P = 0.012) by T-cells was associated with the occurrence of persistent IMIs during the first month of lactation. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 by blood T-lymphocytes during the periparturient period in dairy cows and to explore their relationship with the incidence of new IMIs in the postpartum period. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of leukocyte biology during peripartum would appear to be a prerequisite for the identification of resilient dairy cows or targets innovative (immunological) non-antibiotic approaches in the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Dumont Oliveira
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Carolina Menezes Suassuna de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Núcleo Aplicado à Produção e Sanidade da Glândula Mamária (NAPROSA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Areia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01000, Peru.
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 01000, Peru.
| | - Soraia Araújo Diniz
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Unaí, 38610-000, Brazil
| | - Ewerton de Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Núcleo Aplicado à Produção e Sanidade da Glândula Mamária (NAPROSA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Areia, Brazil
| | - Maiara Garcia Blagitz
- Bem-Estar e Produção Animal Sustentável na Fronteira Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Realeza, 85770-000, Brazil
| | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Artur Cezar de Carvalho Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Núcleo Aplicado à Produção e Sanidade da Glândula Mamária (NAPROSA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Areia, Brazil
| | - Fernando Nogueira Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Núcleo Aplicado à Produção e Sanidade da Glândula Mamária (NAPROSA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Areia, Brazil
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Fazenda São Luiz, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Viçosa, 57700-000, Brazil
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Ladera Gómez ME, Nieto Farias MV, Rodríguez M, Váter A, Ceriani MC, Dolcini GL. Altered apoptosis and proliferation in milk cells and PBMc from BLV-infected bovines with different proviral loads: Possible role of the BCL-2 family proteins, TNF-alpha, and receptors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110703. [PMID: 38154260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bovines infected by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) are characterized by presenting low proviral load (LPL) or high proviral load (HPL). It is reported that animals with HPL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) present a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in viability and the proliferation rate, while animals that maintain an LPL have an intrinsic ability to control the infection, presenting an increased apoptosis rate of their PBMCs. However, there is little information on the effect of BLV on these mechanisms when the virus infects somatic milk cells (SC). This study investigates the mechanisms underlying apoptosis in milk and blood from BLV-infected animals with HPL and LPL. Relative levels of mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor 1 (TNF-RI), TNF receptor 2 (TNF-RII), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) were measured in SC and PBMCs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. A significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α in SC from HPL animals vs non-infected bovines was observed, but the infection in SC with BLV did not show a modulation on the expression of TNF receptors. A significant increase in TNF-RI expression in PBMCs from HPL bovines compared to LPL bovines was observed. No significant differences in PBMCs between HPL and LPL compared to non-infected animals concerning TNF-α, TNF-RI, and TNF-RII expression were found. There was a significant increase of both Bcl-2 and Bax in SC from LPL compared to non-infected bovines, but the Bcl-2/Bax ratio showed an anti-apoptotic profile in LPL and HPL bovines compared to non-infected ones. Reduced mRNA expression levels of Bax were determined in the PBMCs from HPL compared to LPL subjects. In contrast, BLV-infected bovines did not differ significantly in the mRNA expression of Bax compared to non-infected bovines. Our data suggest that the increased mRNA expression of Bax corresponds to the late lactation state of bovine evaluated and the exacerbated increase of mRNA expression of Bcl-2 may be one of the mechanisms for the negative apoptosis regulation in the mammary gland induced by BLV infection. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of mammary cell death in HPL and LPL BLV-infected bovine mammary gland cells during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ladera Gómez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - M V Nieto Farias
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - M Rodríguez
- Área de Bioestadística, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Váter
- Escuela de Educación Secundaria Agraria Nº1 "Dr. Ramón Santamarina", Tandil, Argentina
| | - M C Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G L Dolcini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET/UNCPBA/CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
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