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Mollerup IM, Bjørneset J, Krock B, Jensen TH, Galatius A, Dietz R, Teilmann J, van den Brand JMA, Osterhaus A, Kokotovic B, Lundholm N, Olsen MT. Did algal toxin and Klebsiella infections cause the unexplained 2007 mass mortality event in Danish and Swedish marine mammals? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169817. [PMID: 38184244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
An unusual mass mortality event (MME) of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) occurred in Denmark and Sweden in June 2007. Prior to this incident, the region had experienced two MMEs in harbour seals caused by Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) in 1988 and 2002. Although epidemiology and symptoms of the 2007 MME resembled PDV, none of the animals examined for PDV tested positive. Thus, it has been speculated that another - yet unknown - pathogen caused the June 2007 MME. To shed new light on the likely cause of death, we combine previously unpublished veterinary examinations of harbour seals with novel analyses of algal toxins and algal monitoring data. All harbour seals subject to pathological examination showed pneumonia, but were negative for PDV, influenza and coronavirus. Histological analyses revealed septicaemia in multiple animals, and six animals tested positive for Klebsiella pneumonia. Furthermore, we detected the algal Dinophysis toxin DTX-1b (1-115 ng g-1) in five seals subject to toxicology, representing the first time DTX-1b has been detected in marine vertebrates. However, no animals tested positive for both Klebsiella and toxins. Thus, while our relatively small sample size prevent firm conclusions on causative agents, we speculate that the unexplained MME may have been caused by a chance incidence of multiple pathogens acting in parallel in June 2007, including Dinophysis toxin and Klebsiella. Our study illustrates the complexity of wildlife MMEs and highlights the need for thorough sampling during and after MMEs, as well as additional research on and monitoring of DTX-1b and other algal toxins in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Marie Mollerup
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Juni Bjørneset
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Trine Hammer Jensen
- Aalborg Zoo/Section of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Galatius
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Osterhaus
- Research Center Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Branko Kokotovic
- Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Seruminstitut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Morten Tange Olsen
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Section for Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Wang X, Li S, Du M, Liu N, Shan Q, Zou Y, Wang J, Zhu Y. A novel glycine-rich peptide from Zophobas atratus, coleoptericin B, targets bacterial membrane and protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced mastitis in mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:417-428. [PMID: 38267384 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The growing occurrence of bacterial resistance has spawned the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides, a class of small molecules with antimicrobial activity, have been regarded as the ideal alternatives to antibiotics. METHODS In this study, we amplified a new type of Zophobas atratus coleoptericin (denoted coleoptericin B) through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR and expressed recombinant Z. atratus coleoptericin B (rZA-col B) by prokaryotic expression. Subsequently, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility of rZA-col B in vivo, investigated its antimicrobial mechanism, and assessed its therapeutic effect in a murine model of mastitis caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. RESULTS The in vivo studies demonstrated that rZA-col B possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It exhibited less than 1.5% haemolysis and 10% cytotoxicity, even at a concentration of 128 μM. Additionally, rZA-col B had a minimal risk of inducing drug resistance. Furthermore, rZA-col B could disrupt the integrity of bacterial membranes, induce membrane permeabilization and ultimately lead to bacterial death. Importantly, rZA-col B also alleviated mastitis caused by MDR K. pneumoniae in a murine model by enhancing bacterial clearance, reducing neutrophil infiltration, decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β expression, and protecting the mammary barrier. CONCLUSIONS rZA-col B may be a promising antibacterial agent to combat MDR bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Mengze Du
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yunjing Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
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Liao W, Wei D, Liu M, Huang L, Li B, Wei Y, Han S, Huang S, Yu Q, Li P. Phenotypic characteristics and immune response of Procypris merus following challenge with aquatic isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13875. [PMID: 37881099 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, aquaculture is a relatively mature industry; however, disease problems are continuously threatening the industry and hindering its development to a certain extent. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the zoonotic bacteria widely present in different hosts and has caused some degree of harm to the aquaculture industry, posing a potential threat to the water environment and indirectly also affecting human food safety issues. In this study, K. pneumoniae was isolated from the aquaculture environment, named as ELD, and subjected to pathogenic and immunological related studies. The results of the study showed that the strain carries at least four virulence-related genes, magA, wabG, ureA and uge, and has developed resistance to at least seven antibacterial drugs, such as amoxicillin, doxycycline, rifampicin, and so on. Moreover, the strain is highly pathogenic and is capable of causing systemic clinical foci in Procypris merus. In addition, after infection with K. pneumoniae, the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, HSP70 and C2 was upregulated in P. merus as a whole, whereas the expression of TNF-α did not change significantly in any of the tissues, which might be a kind of immune response of P. merus against K. pneumoniae infection. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the in-depth exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of K. pneumoniae in fish and the immune response that occurs after the disease is contracted in fish, as well as theoretical support for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against K. pneumoniae-infected aquatic animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Bingzheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Han
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, P.R. China
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Wang X, Zhao J, Ji F, Wang M, Wu B, Qin J, Dong G, Zhao R, Wang C. Genomic Characteristics and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Carried by Wild Birds. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0269122. [PMID: 36840587 PMCID: PMC10101063 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02691-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between wild birds and the transmission of multidrug-resistant strains. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from fresh feces of captured wild birds and assessed by the broth microdilution method and comparative genomics. Four Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed different resistance phenotypes; S90-2 and S141 were both resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cefazolin, while M911-1 and S130-1 were sensitive to most of the 14 antibiotics tested. S90-2 belongs to sequence type 629 (ST629), and its genome includes 30 resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-14 and blaSHV-11, while its plasmid pS90-2.3 (IncR) carries qacEdelta1, sul1, and aph(3')-Ib. S141 belongs to ST1662, and its genome includes a total of 27 resistance genes, including blaSHV-217. M911-1 is a new ST, carrying blaSHV-1 and fosA6, and its plasmid pM911-1.1 (novel) carries qnrS1, blaLAP-2, and tet(A). S130-1 belongs to ST3753, carrying blaSHV-11 and fosA6, and its plasmid pS130-1 [IncFIB(K)] carries only one resistance gene, tet(A). pM911-1.1 and pS90-2.3 do not have conjugative transfer ability, but their resistance gene fragments are derived from multiple homologous Enterobacteriaceae strain chromosomes or plasmids, and the formation of resistance gene fragments (multidrug resistance region) involves interactions between multiple mobile element genes, resulting in a complex and diverse resistance plasmid structure. The homologous plasmids related to pM911-1.1 and pS90-2.3 were mainly from isolated human-infecting bacteria in China, namely, K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates carried by wild birds in this study had drug resistance phenotypes conferred primarily by multidrug resistance plasmids that were closely related to human-infecting bacteria. IMPORTANCE Little is known about the pathogenic microorganisms carried by wild animals. This study found that the multidrug resistance phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carried by wild birds was mainly attributed to multidrug resistance plasmids, and these multidrug resistance plasmids from wild birds were closely related to human-infecting bacteria. Wild bird habitats overlap to a great extent with human and livestock habitats, which further increases the potential for horizontal transfer of multidrug-resistant bacteria among humans, animals, and the environment. Therefore, wild birds, as potential transmission hosts of multidrug-resistant bacteria, should be given attention and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Guoying Dong
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Lin H, Ma J, Sun J, Qin Z, Jiang B, Li W, Wang Q, Su Y, Lin L, Liu C. Identification and Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Farmed American Bullfrogs ( Rana catesbeiana). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0357922. [PMID: 36602331 PMCID: PMC9927386 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03579-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of nosocomial infection and is considered a clinically important bacterium with antibiotic-resistant strains. There are few reports of K. pneumoniae infections in cultured aquatic animals, and no natural infection has been reported in amphibians. From September to October 2021, a high-mortality disease outbreak occurred in a pond-raised American bullfrog farm in Guangzhou, China. The infected bullfrogs were characterized by multiple organ congestive enlargement and inflammation. A pathogenic bacterium was isolated from the viscera of infected bullfrogs and confirmed to be K. pneumoniae by morphological, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses. Infection experiments confirmed the virulence of the pathogenic strain against bullfrogs and tadpoles. A histopathological examination showed that the strain was harmful to multiple organs. Antibiotic resistance experiments indicated the isolate was a carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR-KP) strain. This study is the first report of K. pneumoniae infected American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and amphibians. These results will shed light on the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae and help prevent and control K. pneumoniae infections in bullfrogs. IMPORTANCE Klebsiella pneumoniae is recognized as the most common multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen in humans, and little is known about its pathogenicity in aquatic animals. Recently, K. pneumoniae was found to cause substantial mortality and morbidity in American farm frogs. This was the first report of K. pneumoniae infecting amphibians. In this study, we analyzed the biochemical, growth, and phylogenetic characteristics of the K. pneumoniae strain and described the symptoms and pathological features of infected bullfrogs and tadpoles; this will provide useful data for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, which has been suggested to decrease economic losses in bullfrog farming and reduce the potential threat to public health posed by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province and Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Hildebrand CB, Welte T, Brandenberger C, Maus UA. Neutrophilic Pleuritis Is a Severe Complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia in Old Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2172-2180. [PMID: 36426980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pathomechanisms underlying the frequently observed fatal outcome of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in elderly patients are understudied. In this study, we examined the early antibacterial immune response in young mice (age 2-3 mo) as compared with old mice (age 18-19 mo) postinfection with K. pneumoniae. Old mice exhibited significantly higher bacterial loads in lungs and bacteremia as early as 24 h postinfection compared with young mice, with neutrophilic pleuritis nearly exclusively developing in old but not young mice. Moreover, we observed heavily increased cytokine responses in lungs and pleural spaces along with increased mortality in old mice. Mechanistically, Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion contributed to the observed hyperinflammation, which decreased upon caspase-1 inhibitor treatment of K. pneumoniae-infected old mice. Irradiated old mice transplanted with the bone marrow of young mice did not show hyperinflammation or early bacteremia in response to K. pneumoniae. Collectively, the accentuated lung pathology observed in K. pneumoniae-infected old mice appears to be due to regulatory defects of the bone marrow but not the lung, while involving dysregulated activation of the Nlrp3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Pinpimai K, Banlunara W, Roe WD, Dittmer K, Biggs PJ, Tantilertcharoen R, Chankow K, Bunpapong N, Boonkam P, Pirarat N. Genetic characterization of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for acute death in captive marmosets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:940912. [PMID: 36016808 PMCID: PMC9397405 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.940912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium implicated as the causative pathogen in several medical health issues with different strains causing different pathologies including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis and infections from wounds or surgery. In this study, four captive African marmosets housed in Thailand were found dead. Necropsy and histology revealed congestion of hearts, kidneys and adrenal glands. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from these four animals with all isolates yielding identical phenotypes indicative of K. pneumoniae based on classical identification schema. All the isolates show the susceptibility to amikacin, cephalexin, doxycycline, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin with intermediate susceptibility to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. One isolate (20P167W) was chosen for genome analysis and determined to belong to sequence type 65 (ST65). The genome of 20P167W possessed multiple virulence genes including mrk gene cluster and iro and iuc gene cluster (salmochelin and aerobactin, respectively) as well as multiple antibiotic resistance genes including blaSHV−67, blaSHV−11, oqxA, oqxB, and fosA genes resembling those found in human isolates; this isolate has a close genetic relationship with isolates from humans in Ireland, but not from Thailand and California sea lions. Phylogenetic studies using SNP show that there was no relation between genetic and geographic distributions of all known strains typing ST65, suggesting that ST65 strains may spread worldwide through multiple international transmission events rather than by local expansions in humans and/or animals. We also predict that K. pneumoniae ST65 has an ability to acquire genetic mobile element from other bacteria, which would allow Klebsiella to become an even greater public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komkiew Pinpimai
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Komkiew Pinpimai
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wendi D. Roe
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keren Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachod Tantilertcharoen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Katriya Chankow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napawan Bunpapong
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases in Animals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongthai Boonkam
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Wildlife Exotic and Aquatic Pathology Research Unit (WEAP RU), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nopadon Pirarat
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Håkonsholm F, Hetland MA, Svanevik CS, Lunestad BT, Löhr IH, Marathe NP. Insights into the genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the Norwegian marine environment using whole-genome analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Chang EK, Miller M, Shahin K, Batac F, Field CL, Duignan P, Struve C, Byrne BA, Murray MJ, Greenwald K, Smith WA, Ziccardi M, Soto E. Genetics and pathology associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella spp. isolates from North American Pacific coastal marine mammals. Vet Microbiol 2022; 265:109307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Grünzweil OM, Palmer L, Cabal A, Szostak MP, Ruppitsch W, Kornschober C, Korus M, Misic D, Bernreiter-Hofer T, Korath ADJ, Feßler AT, Allerberger F, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Müller E, Braun SD, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Walzer C, Smodlaka H, Loncaric I. Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115905. [PMID: 34072783 PMCID: PMC8199236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Grünzweil
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Lauren Palmer
- Marine Mammal Care Center, Los Angeles, CA 90731, USA;
| | - Adriana Cabal
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Michael P. Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Christian Kornschober
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), National Reference Centre for Salmonella, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maciej Korus
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Dusan Misic
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna D. J. Korath
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (W.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.T.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York City, NY 10460, USA
| | - Hrvoje Smodlaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA;
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.G.); (M.P.S.); (T.B.-H.); (A.D.J.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-125-077-2115
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11
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Cheng J, Zhou M, Nobrega DB, Cao Z, Yang J, Zhu C, Han B, Gao J. Virulence profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from 2 large dairy farms in China. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9027-9036. [PMID: 33985773 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported on the diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dairy herds in China. In our previous work, isolates from subclinical mastitis (SCM) had lower indices of diversity when compared with bacteria from other sources, possibly due to a contagious-like spread of udder adapted strains. Here we explored the virulence profile and capsular types of K. pneumoniae isolated from different sources on 2 dairy farms in China. Our overarching goal was to gain insights on the role of virulence genes toward the severity of mastitis caused by K. pneumoniae. A total of 1,484 samples were collected from clinical mastitis (CM; n = 355), SCM (n = 561), bulk tank milk (BTM; n = 130), and environmental and extramammary (EE) sites (n = 438). From those, 431 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained, including 129, 77, 66, and 159 isolates from CM, SCM, BTM, and EE samples, respectively. Polymerase chain reactions were used to determine the capsular types and to detect potential virulence genes in all isolates. No significant farm effects were observed when comparing the distribution of most virulence genes in K. pneumoniae isolated from each source. K57 was the most prevalent capsular type in K. pneumoniae from all sources, but with increased detection rate in isolates from CM. entB, kfu, fimH1, mrkD, and β-d-lacZ were frequently detected in K. pneumoniae from all sources. β-d-lacZ, entB, and ituA were more prevalent in isolates from CM, whereas kfu, allS, and nif were more frequently detected in isolates from SCM. ybtS, aerobactin, and rpmA had increased prevalence in K. pneumoniae from BTM when compared with bacteria from other sources. No association was detected between virulence genes and the severity of CM. K57 and the nif gene had the highest discriminatory power to classify isolates from CM and SCM, respectively. Based on our findings, it is likely that K57 is the dominant capsular type in K. pneumoniae causing CM in large Chinese dairy herds. Likewise, we demonstrated that β-d-lacZ is disseminated in K. pneumoniae isolated from large Chinese dairy farms, irrespectively of the source of bacteria. Our results also suggest a low contribution of the virulence profile of K. pneumoniae toward CM severity. Finally, the role of nif in increasing the adaptability to the udder and promoting a contagious-like spread of K. pneumoniae warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Diego B Nobrega
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Agri-Products Quality and Safety Testing Center of Shanghai, No. 28, Ln 1528, Xinfu Zhonglu Rd, Huaxin Town, Qinpu District, Shanghai, China 201708
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Darniati D, Setiyaningsih S, Agungpriyono DR, Handharyani E. First evidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in Aceh cattle: Pathomorphology and antigenic distribution in the lungs. Vet World 2021; 14:1007-1013. [PMID: 34083953 PMCID: PMC8167520 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1007-1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen worldwide. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) was reported as the causative agent of bovine mastitis. This is the first study in Indonesia that has been conducted to determine the capsular serotype of K. pneumoniae, pulmonary gross pathology and histopathology, and distribution of hvKp in the lungs of Aceh cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence of K. pneumoniae in Aceh cattle was investigated in two slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Lung tissues with gross pathological lesions were collected from 15 cattle presenting with depression, dehydration, or cachexia. The confirmation and capsular serotyping of K. pneumoniae isolates were performed using polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry to observe the histopathological lesions and the distribution of the hvKp antigens. RESULTS The pneumonic lesions identified in the lungs of Aceh cattle included hyperemia, hemorrhage, consolidation, and atelectasis. K. pneumoniae was isolated in all 15 lung tissues with pathological pneumonic lesions. Two patterns of infection were observed histopathologically. Acute infection was characterized by hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia, bronchial and bronchiolar obstruction with purulent exudates, edema, and atelectasis. On the other hand, chronic infection was defined by macrophage infiltration, emphysema, bronchial dilatation, pleural fibrosis, and alveolar wall thickening by interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining using monospecific antisera induced by the hvKp isolate confirmed the presence of K. pneumoniae-specific antigens in the acute infection, predominantly in the bronchiolar, vascular, and alveolar areas. In contrast, generally diffuse infiltrates were found in the pleura and interstitial alveolar areas in chronic infection. CONCLUSION hvKp can be detected in the lungs of Aceh cattle, representing acute and chronic infections. The distribution of Klebsiella antigens in the lung tissue was consistent with the histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darniati Darniati
- Animal Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Surachmi Setiyaningsih
- Department of Animal Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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13
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Yibin Y, Yuhua C, Yongtao L, Yi S, Xiaohui A. Klebsiella pneumoniae: A pathogenic bacteria transmitted through Hirudo nipponia that may cause illness in humans. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2051-2058. [PMID: 32979252 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia, or the leech, is not only an important economic pillar for farmers, but is also a precious raw material for medicinal materials. However, in recent years, H. nipponia has suffered from disease with symptoms including systemic oedema and hyperaemia. It has not yet been demonstrated which pathogen causes this disease and whether this could be transmitted to humans. In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and identified and the pathogenicity of the isolated strain was confirmed. Furthermore, by comparing the sequence of the pathogen isolated from leeches to the same pathogen infecting humans, we identified that the isolated strain is a threat to human health. This work emphasizes the importance of the first discovery of pathogenic bacteria from leeches similar to human pathogens, as well as the need for identifying zoonosis for both humans and aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yibin
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yuhua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yongtao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yi
- The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Xiaohui
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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14
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Vendl C, Slavich E, Nelson T, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Montgomery K, Ferrari B, Thomas T, Rogers T. Does sociality drive diversity and composition of airway microbiota in cetaceans? ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:324-333. [PMID: 32162479 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The number of social contacts of mammals is positively correlated with the diversity of their gut microbes. There is some evidence that sociality also affects microbes in the respiratory tract. We tested whether the airway microbiota of cetacean species differ depending on the whales' level of sociality. We sampled the blow of blue (Balaenoptera musculus), grey (Eschrichtius robustus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and long-finned pilot whales (PWs) (Globicephala melas) and analysed the blow microbiota by barcode tag sequencing targeting the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Humpback whales (HWs) show higher levels of sociality than blue (BW) and grey (GW), while PWs are the most gregarious among the four species. The blow samples of the HWs showed the highest richness and diversity. HWs were also the only species with a species-specific clustering of their microbial community composition and a relatively large number of core taxa. Therefore, we conclude that it cannot be sociality alone shaping the diversity and composition of airway microbiota. We suggest the whale species' lung volume and size of the plume of exhaled air as an additional factor impacting the transmission potential of blow microbiota from one individual whale to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Vendl
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eve Slavich
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, UNSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tiffanie Nelson
- Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Building G40, Level 9, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Kate Montgomery
- The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Belinda Ferrari
- The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre of Marine Bio-Innovation (CMB), School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tracey Rogers
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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15
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Cheng J, Zhang J, Han B, Barkema HW, Cobo ER, Kastelic JP, Zhou M, Shi Y, Wang J, Yang R, Gao J. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bovine mastitis is cytopathogenic for bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3493-3504. [PMID: 32037181 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common cause of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, can cause severe clinical symptoms. However, its pathogenicity in the bovine mammary gland is not well understood. Our objectives were to establish an in vitro infection model of K. pneumoniae on bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) to assess (1) cytopathogenicity (adhesive and invasive ability, damage and apoptosis, pro-inflammatory effects) of K. pneumoniae on bMEC and (2) the role of hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype on cytopathogenicity. Two K. pneumoniae isolates from CM cows, 1 HMV and 1 non-HMV, were used to infect bMEC. Adhesion and invasion ability, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ultrastructural morphology, apoptosis, transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory genes and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were characterized at various intervals. Both K. pneumoniae isolates rapidly adhered to and invaded bMEC within 1 h post infection (pi), causing ultrastructural damage (swelling of mitochondria and vesicle formation on cell surface) after 3 h pi and apoptotic death after 9 h pi. In addition, K. pneumoniae promoted transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and production of IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α cytokines. Compared with non-HMV K. pneumoniae, the HMV isolate had lower adhesive and invasive abilities but caused more serious cellular damage. In conclusion, K. pneumoniae was cytopathogenic on bMEC and induced a pro-inflammatory response; however, the HMV phenotype did not have a key role in pathogenicity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to milk loss, and targeted prevention and treatment strategies should be implemented in Klebsiella mastitis episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jv Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Man Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 056038, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
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16
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Environmental persistence and disinfectant susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from pinnipeds stranded on the California Coast. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108554. [PMID: 31928701 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae (HMV) are emergent zoonotic pathogens associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in terrestrial and marine mammals. In this study, HMV and non-HMV isolates recovered from stranded pinnipeds were used to investigate: 1) their persistence in sea and fresh water microcosms at 10 and 20°C, 2) their capacity to form biofilms, and 3) the biocide efficacy of four disinfectants on their planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. Results indicated that although HMV isolates were significantly more mucoviscous, non-HMV isolates displayed significantly greater capacity to form biofilms (p < 0.05). Additionally, non-HMV isolates persisted in greater numbers in both sea- and freshwater, particularly at 20°C. These two phenomena could be associated with the greater growth observed for non-HMV isolates in in-vitro growth-curve assays (p < 0.05). Similar susceptibility to disinfectants was detected in HMV and non-HMV isolates when exposed for 24 h; however, the minimal biofilm disinfectant eradication concentration for HMV isolates was significantly higher than that for non-HMV when exposed to disinfectants for 0.5 h. This information should be taken into consideration when developing biosecurity protocols in facilities holding marine mammals in captivity.
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17
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Michael SA, Hayman DTS, Gray R, Zhang J, Rogers L, Roe WD. Pup mortality in New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) at Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, 2013-18. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225461. [PMID: 31751414 PMCID: PMC6874089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) are an endemic and endangered species. Pup mortality at Enderby Island (50.5°S, 166.28°E) in the New Zealand sub-Antarctic has been well studied, with subsequent investigations yielding more intricate detail of the causes of mortality, as new diagnostic methods become available. Klebsiella pneumoniae was first reported in 2001-02 at this site, causing a pup mortality epizootic and is now known to be present at several colonies. This bacterium is a common mucosal commensal of humans and animals, however the agent found in pups at necropsy is a hypervirulent strain, readily recognised in microbial culture as being hypermucoviscous. Infection causes septicaemia with a common syndrome of subsequent meningitis and polyarthritis. This investigation uses histopathology and microbiology, with new modalities such as matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry to show that Klebsiella septicaemia could have historically been, and continues to be, the most important cause of pup mortality, but has been previously underrepresented due to the often cryptic presentation and sometimes peracute course of disease. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae should be considered a serious threat to pup survival in the species, causing on average 60.2% of pup deaths annually at Enderby Island between 2013 and 2018, with likely more continuing mortality following pup dispersal and the cessation of the summer monitoring season. Less common causes of death included starvation (14.8%), trauma/asphyxiation (9.9%) and other infections (7%). This study forms the basis for further evaluation of risk factors for pup mortality in the species, with a view to developing active mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Michael
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David T. S. Hayman
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Gray
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Rogers
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wendi D. Roe
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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18
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Gao J, Li S, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Xu S, Barkema HW, Nobrega DB, Zhu C, Han B. Prevalence of Potential Virulence Genes in Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Cows with Clinical Mastitis on Large Chinese Dairy Farms. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:856-863. [PMID: 31545094 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. is a common cause of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows. However, relatively less information is available about distribution of virulence factors of Klebsiella spp. isolated from cows with CM. Objectives of this study were, therefore, to determine the prevalence of hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotype, capsule serotypes, and potential virulence genes in Klebsiella spp. from cows in China with CM. A total of 241 Klebsiella spp. isolates were recovered from cows with CM on 123 dairy farms (each had >500 lactating cows) located in 13 provinces of China. Of the isolates, 124 (51%) and 117 (49%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, respectively. The prevalence of HMV was 16% for K. pneumoniae and 11% for K. oxytoca; entB (78%), fimH1 (55%), kfu (31%), and mrkD (24%) were the prevalent virulence genes among K. pneumoniae, whereas entB (50%), fimH1 (30%), and mrkD (22%) were prevalent in K. oxytoca. Prevalence of the lac gene was higher for K. pneumoniae (78%) than for K. oxytoca (13%), whereas the nif gene was more prevalent in K. oxytoca than in K. pneumoniae (12% and 1%, respectively). Fifty-six K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed as K57, the most prevalent capsule serotype (45%). Twenty-one (18%), 20 (10%), and 9 (8%) of 117 K. oxytoca isolates were positive for K57, K5, and K54 serotypes, respectively. As the predominant serotype, K. pneumoniae K57 isolates had a higher prevalence of the HMV phenotype and fimH1 than non-K57 K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, virulence factors were commonly detected for both K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae causing CM in Chinese dairy herds. HMV isolates were commonly identified, irrespective of species. In addition, as the predominant capsule in bovine K. pneumoniae, the K57 serotype may be better adapted to the udder environment; therefore, further studies targeting pathogenicity to mammary tissue should contribute new knowledge for vaccine development using this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Li
- Beijing Laboratory Animal Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jv Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Diego B Nobrega
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Agri-Products Quality and Safety Testing Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Abstract
Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype that is more virulent than classical K. pneumoniae (cKp). hvKp usually infects individuals from the community, who are often healthy. Infections are more common in the Asian Pacific Rim but are occurring globally. hvKp infection frequently presents at multiple sites or subsequently metastatically spreads, often requiring source control. hvKp has an increased ability to cause central nervous system infection and endophthalmitis, which require rapid recognition and site-specific treatment. The genetic factors that confer hvKp's hypervirulent phenotype are present on a large virulence plasmid and perhaps integrative conjugal elements. Increased capsule production and aerobactin production are established hvKp-specific virulence factors. Similar to cKp, hvKp strains are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobials via acquisition of mobile elements carrying resistance determinants, and new hvKp strains emerge when extensively drug-resistant cKp strains acquire hvKp-specific virulence determinants, resulting in nosocomial infection. Presently, clinical laboratories are unable to differentiate cKp from hvKp, but recently, several biomarkers and quantitative siderophore production have been shown to accurately predict hvKp strains, which could lead to the development of a diagnostic test for use by clinical laboratories for optimal patient care and for use in epidemiologic surveillance and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Russo
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- The Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Candace M Marr
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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20
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Das A, Behera BK, Acharya S, Paria P, Chakraborty HJ, Parida PK, Das BK. Genetic diversity and multiple antibiotic resistance index study of bacterial pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from diseased Indian major carps. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:875-887. [PMID: 31020632 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intensive fish farming systems have led to increase in disease incidence, due to higher stocking density, high organic matter levels, and poor quality of the aquatic environment. Diseased fish samples showing hemorrhages and reddish lesions were collected from different freshwater fish farms located at three different districts of West Bengal, India (Burdwan, North 24 Parganas, and Nadia). The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of ten different Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from different infected freshwater fish samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Primarily, Klebsiella-specific media was used for the isolation and characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further, through a biochemical test, all the strains were confirmed as K. pneumoniae. PCR analysis of 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (PCR ribotyping) was carried out to study the species variation within different Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. For all the isolates, a conserved PCR ribotype pattern was observed while differing from other bacterial species. Phylogenetic study showed the high degree of homology with diverse source of other strains. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) values of the present study for the isolates were found to be 0.468. MAR value above 0.2 indicates that the source of isolation was highly contaminated with antibiotics. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the present study revealed the genetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the different diseased fish farms of West Bengal. All the strains were found to be hypermucoviscous and multidrug-resistant, thus making it pathogenic towards the host organisms. Further, the study revealed a high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in aquaculture farms, representing a risk towards successful aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.,Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - B K Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - S Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - P Paria
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - H J Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - P K Parida
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - B K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
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21
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Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Seven Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from New Zealand Sea Lions. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01270-18. [PMID: 30533818 PMCID: PMC6256617 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01270-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause infection in a broad range of hosts. We report here the genome sequences of seven K. pneumoniae isolates from New Zealand sea lions. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause infection in a broad range of hosts. We report here the genome sequences of seven K. pneumoniae isolates from New Zealand sea lions.
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22
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Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01328-18. [PMID: 30533811 PMCID: PMC6256610 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01328-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can be found in the environment, as well as on mucosal surfaces of humans and animals. Here, we report the genome sequence of five K. pneumoniae isolates from substrate samples and bird feces collected in the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can be found in the environment, as well as on mucosal surfaces of humans and animals. Here, we report the genome sequence of five K. pneumoniae isolates from substrate samples and bird feces collected in the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand.
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23
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HYPERMUCOVISCOUS KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES FROM STRANDED AND WILD-CAUGHT MARINE MAMMALS OF THE US PACIFIC COAST: PREVALENCE, PHENOTYPE, AND GENOTYPE. J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:659-670. [PMID: 29733766 DOI: 10.7589/2017-07-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emergent hypermucoviscous (HMV) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been reported in multiple marine mammal species; however, there is limited information regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this infection in these species. We determined the prevalence of HMV K. pneumoniae in wild-caught and stranded marine mammal populations on the US Pacific Coast. Samples were collected from 270 free-ranging California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus) captured at three discrete sampling sites and from 336 stranded marine mammals of various species. We recovered HMV K. pneumoniae only from CSLs, with a prevalence of 1.5% (4 of 275) in stranded animals, compared with 1.1% (3 of 270) in wild-caught animals. We assessed the phenotypic and genotypic variability of recovered HMV K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from CSLs ( n=11) and of archival HMV and non-HMV isolates from stranded marine mammals ( n=19). All but two HMV isolates were of the K2 serotype, whereas none of the non-HMV isolates belonged to this serotype. Of the HMV isolates, 96% (24 of 25) were PCR positive for the HMV-associated gene p- rmpA, whereas 92% (23 of 25) were PCR positive for p- rmpA2. Genetic fingerprinting by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR showed four discrete clusters, demonstrating genotypic variability that loosely correlated with phenotype. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed all isolates from stranded CSLs were susceptible to ceftiofur, indicating this antimicrobial agent is an appropriate choice for treatment of HMV K. pneumoniae infections in stranded CSLs. Our culture assay could reliably detect HMV K. pneumoniae from concentrations as low as 102 colony-forming units per milligram of feces. We identified the presence of HMV K. pneumoniae in both wild-caught and stranded CSLs from the US Pacific Coast and highlight the need for further studies to evaluate the potential impact of this pathogen on marine mammal health.
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24
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Colegrove KM, Burek-Huntington KA, Roe W, Siebert U. Pinnipediae. PATHOLOGY OF WILDLIFE AND ZOO ANIMALS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150363 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805306-5.00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews common diseases of pinnipeds, including species in the Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions), Phocidae (true seals), and Odobenidae (walrus) families. Much of the knowledge on pathologic conditions of pinnipeds comes from necropsies of stranded animals and those housed in captivity. As such, disease knowledge is biased toward species frequently housed in zoos and aquaria, those that strand more commonly, or those in which free-ranging populations are more easily accessible. Though historically systematic evaluations of wild populations have rarely been accomplished, in the past 10 years, with advances in marine mammal medicine and anesthesia, biologists and veterinarians more frequently completed live animal health field investigations to evaluate health and disease in free-ranging pinniped populations.
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25
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Anzai EK, de Souza Júnior JC, Peruchi AR, Fonseca JM, Gumpl EK, Pignatari ACC, Hirano ZMB, Silveira ACDO. First case report of non-human primates (Alouatta clamitans) with the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 strain ST 23: A possible emerging wildlife pathogen. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:337-342. [PMID: 28809435 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypervirulent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae genotype K1 isolates have recently emerged, causing severe pyogenic liver abscess complicated by devastating metastatic infections in humans. METHODS We describe a short outbreak of the non-human primate (NHP) research center, associated with a hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. The genetic similarity of the strains was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques, and virulence encoding genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The isolates were phenotypically like strains causing community-acquired invasive liver abscess syndrome in humans. All strains exhibited identical PFGE patterns and were found to belong to ST23 and presented a hypermucovisity phenotype and possessed magA and rmpA gene. CONCLUSION This is the first case report of NHPs caused by K. pneumoniae displaying a hypermucoviscosity phenotype and belonging to capsular serotypes K1 and ST23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleine Kuroki Anzai
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Rezende Peruchi
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mello Fonseca
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elke Kreuscher Gumpl
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Campos Pignatari
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Seguel M, Gottdenker NL, Colegrove K, Johnson S, Struve C, Howerth EW. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in California Sea Lions ( Zalophus californianus): Pathologic Findings in Natural Infections. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:846-850. [PMID: 28494709 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817705172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissues of stranded California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus) naturally infected with a hyperviruluent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry against the K. pneumoniae K2 capsular antigen. In 7 of 8 animals, there was severe purulent bronchopneumonia, sometimes complicated by fibrinonecrotizing pleuritis with pyothorax. In affected areas of lung, large numbers of degenerate neutrophils and macrophages were admixed with rare large extracellular and intracellular gram-negative bacilli surrounded by a prominent capsule. Through serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and immunohistochemistry, these bacteria were confirmed to be a K2 serotype of K. pneumoniae. The same bacteria were identified through double immunolabeling within macrophages in blood vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Intact K. pneumoniae were identified on epithelial surfaces of the nasopharyngeal, tracheal, and small intestine mucosae and within distal renal tubules. Our findings indicate that hypervirulent K. pneumoniae causes severe respiratory disease and intrahistiocytic bacteremia in California sea lions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Seguel
- 1 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- 1 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen Colegrove
- 2 Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Carsten Struve
- 4 Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- 1 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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27
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Catalán-Nájera JC, Garza-Ramos U, Barrios-Camacho H. Hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity: Two different but complementary Klebsiella spp. phenotypes? Virulence 2017; 8:1111-1123. [PMID: 28402698 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1317412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the hypermucoviscous variants of Klebsiella pneumoniae were first reported, many cases of primary liver abscesses and other invasive infections caused by this pathogen have been described worldwide. Hypermucoviscosity is a phenotypic feature characterized by the formation of a viscous filament ≥5 mm when a bacterial colony is stretched by a bacteriological loop; this is the so-called positive string test. Hypermucoviscosity appears to be associated with this unusual and aggressive type of infection, and therefore, the causal strains are considered hypervirulent. Since these first reports, the terms hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence have often been used synonymously. However, new evidence has suggested that hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence are 2 different phenotypes that should not be used synonymously. Moreover, it is important to establish that a negative string test is insufficient in determining whether a strain is or is not hypervirulent. On the other hand, hypervirulence- and hypermucoviscosity-associated genes must be identified, considering that these phenotypes correspond to 2 different phenomena, regardless of whether they can act in synergy under certain circumstances. Therefore, it is essential to quickly identify the genetic determinants behind the hypervirulent phenotype to develop effective methodologies that can diagnose in a prompt and effective way these hypervirulent variants of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Catalán-Nájera
- a Departamento de Diagnostico Epidemiologico, Centro de Investigacion sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI) , Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) , Cuernavaca, Morelos , México
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- a Departamento de Diagnostico Epidemiologico, Centro de Investigacion sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI) , Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) , Cuernavaca, Morelos , México
| | - Humberto Barrios-Camacho
- a Departamento de Diagnostico Epidemiologico, Centro de Investigacion sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI) , Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) , Cuernavaca, Morelos , México
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28
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Soto E, Dennis MM, Beierschmitt A, Francis S, Sithole F, Halliday-Simmons I, Palmour R. Biofilm formation of hypermucoviscous and non-hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from clinically affected African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Microb Pathog 2017; 107:198-201. [PMID: 28366827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an emergent Klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. The HMV phenotype is characterized by different capsular serotypes, associated with several genes including the rmpA (regulator of mucoid phenotype) and magA (mucoviscosity-associated) genes. In African green monkeys (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) serotypes K1 and K5 have been implicated in fatal multisystemic abscesses. In order to better understand the epizootiology of this pathogen, the capacity of biofilm production of K. pneumoniae isolates presenting the HMV was compared to non-HMV isolates at three different temperatures (25, 30 and 37 °C). The results indicate that HMV and non-HMV isolates display similar capacity to form biofilms at the three different evaluated temperatures. Temperature appears to play a role in the formation of biofilms by K. pneumoniae presenting the HMV phenotype, where larger biofilms were formed at 37 °C than at 25 °C. Knowledge regarding local environmental sources of K. pneumoniae and the possible role of wildlife in the maintenance of this agent in the area is necessary to develop effective recommendations for the prevention and management of this disease in captive AGM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of California, Davis-School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Michelle M Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts, West Indies; Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Saint Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Stewart Francis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Fortune Sithole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Iona Halliday-Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Roberta Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Saint Kitts, West Indies; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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29
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Evolution and Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United Kingdom and Ireland. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01976-16. [PMID: 28223459 PMCID: PMC5358916 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01976-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen that has become a leading causative agent of hospital-based infections over the past few decades. The emergence and global expansion of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of K. pneumoniae have been increasingly reported in community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Despite this, the population genomics and epidemiology of MDR K. pneumoniae at the national level are still poorly understood. To obtain insights into these, we analyzed a systematic large-scale collection of invasive MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals across the United Kingdom and Ireland. Using whole-genome phylogenetic analysis, we placed these in the context of previously sequenced K. pneumoniae populations from geographically diverse countries and identified their virulence and drug resistance determinants. Our results demonstrate that United Kingdom and Ireland MDR isolates are a highly diverse population drawn from across the global phylogenetic tree of K. pneumoniae and represent multiple recent international introductions that are mainly from Europe but in some cases from more distant countries. In addition, we identified novel genetic determinants underlying resistance to beta-lactams, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracyclines, indicating that both increased virulence and resistance have emerged independently multiple times throughout the population. Our data show that MDR K. pneumoniae isolates in the United Kingdom and Ireland have multiple distinct origins and appear to be part of a globally circulating K. pneumoniae population. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that has been implicated in infections in healthcare settings over the past few decades. Antimicrobial treatment of K. pneumoniae infections has become increasingly difficult as a consequence of the emergence and spread of strains that are resistant to multiple antimicrobials. To better understand the spread of resistant K. pneumoniae, we studied the genomes of a large-scale population of extensively antimicrobial-resistant K. pneumoniae in the United Kingdom and Ireland by utilizing the fine resolution that whole-genome sequencing of pathogen genomes provides. Our results indicate that the K. pneumoniae population is highly diverse and that, in some cases, resistant strains appear to have spread across the country over a few years. In addition, we found evidence that some strains have acquired antimicrobial resistance genes independently, presumably in response to antimicrobial treatment.
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30
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Duff JP, Bidewell CA, Williamson SM, Teale CJ, Stidworthy MF, Bexton S, AbuOun M, Randall L, Rogers JP. Klebsiella pneumoniae
of suspected human origin from free-living common seals on the east coast of England. Vet Rec 2016; 179:652. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Paul Duff
- APHA Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre; Penrith Cumbria CA11 9RR
| | - C. A. Bidewell
- APHA Bury St Edmunds Veterinary Investigation Centre; Rougham Hill Bury St Edmunds IP33 2RX UK
| | - S. M. Williamson
- APHA Bury St Edmunds Veterinary Investigation Centre; Rougham Hill Bury St Edmunds IP33 2RX UK
| | - C. J. Teale
- APHA Shrewsbury Veterinary Investigation Centre; Kendal Road Harlescott Shrewsbury SY1 4HD UK
| | - M. F. Stidworthy
- International Zoo Veterinary Group, Station House; Parkwood Street Keighley West Yorkshire BD21 4NQ UK
| | - S. Bexton
- RSPCA Norfolk Wildlife Hospital; Station Road, East Winch Kings Lynn Norfolk PE32 1NR UK
| | - M. AbuOun
- Department of Bacteriology; APHA; Weybridge KT15 3NB UK
| | - L. Randall
- Department of Bacteriology; APHA; Weybridge KT15 3NB UK
| | - J. P. Rogers
- APHA Bury St Edmunds Veterinary Investigation Centre; Rougham Hill Bury St Edmunds IP33 2RX UK
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31
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Soto E, Marchi S, Beierschmitt A, Kearney M, Francis S, VanNess K, Vandenplas M, Thrall M, Palmour R. Interaction of non-human primate complement and antibodies with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vet Res 2016; 47:40. [PMID: 26951091 PMCID: PMC4782414 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. In this study, we investigated the interaction of African green monkeys (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) complement and antibody with HMV and non-HMV isolates as in vitro models of primate infection. Significantly greater survival of HMV isolates was evident after incubation in normal serum or whole blood (p < 0.05) of AGM donors when compared to non-HMV strains. Greater survival of HMV strains (p < 0.05) was found after incubation in whole blood and serum from seropositive donors when compared to seronegative donor samples. Additionally, significantly greater amounts of K. pneumoniae were phagocytozed by AGM leukocytes when complement was active (p < 0.05), but no difference in uptake was observed when serum from seropositive or seronegative animals was used in challenged cells utilizing flow cytometry. Results demonstrate that interaction of cellular and humoral immune elements play a role in the in vitro killing of K. pneumoniae, particularly HMV isolates. Neither AGM serum, nor washed whole blood effectively killed HMV isolates; however, assays using heparinized whole blood of seronegative donors significantly reduced viability of HMV and non-HMV strains. The lack of bacterial killing observed in seropositive donors treatments could be at least partially associated with low IgG2 present in these animals. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of klebsiellosis in primates and host immune response is necessary to identify surface molecules that can induce both opsonizing and bactericidal antibody facilitating killing of Klebsiella, and the development of vaccines in human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of California, Davis-School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Sylvia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies. .,Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Michael Kearney
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Stewart Francis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Kimberly VanNess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Michel Vandenplas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - MaryAnna Thrall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Roberta Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
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Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3574-81. [PMID: 26100894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501049112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is now recognized as an urgent threat to human health because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains associated with hospital outbreaks and hypervirulent strains associated with severe community-acquired infections. K. pneumoniae is ubiquitous in the environment and can colonize and infect both plants and animals. However, little is known about the population structure of K. pneumoniae, so it is difficult to recognize or understand the emergence of clinically important clones within this highly genetically diverse species. Here we present a detailed genomic framework for K. pneumoniae based on whole-genome sequencing of more than 300 human and animal isolates spanning four continents. Our data provide genome-wide support for the splitting of K. pneumoniae into three distinct species, KpI (K. pneumoniae), KpII (K. quasipneumoniae), and KpIII (K. variicola). Further, for K. pneumoniae (KpI), the entity most frequently associated with human infection, we show the existence of >150 deeply branching lineages including numerous multidrug-resistant or hypervirulent clones. We show K. pneumoniae has a large accessory genome approaching 30,000 protein-coding genes, including a number of virulence functions that are significantly associated with invasive community-acquired disease in humans. In our dataset, antimicrobial resistance genes were common among human carriage isolates and hospital-acquired infections, which generally lacked the genes associated with invasive disease. The convergence of virulence and resistance genes potentially could lead to the emergence of untreatable invasive K. pneumoniae infections; our data provide the whole-genome framework against which to track the emergence of such threats.
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Roe WD, Rogers L, Pinpimai K, Dittmer K, Marshall J, Chilvers BL. Septicaemia and meningitis caused by infection of New Zealand sea lion pups with a hypermucoviscous strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2015; 176:301-8. [PMID: 25682024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a syndrome of neonatal septicemia and meningitis in New Zealand sea lions, caused by a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae that is phenotypically similar to strains causing environmentally-acquired septicemia and neuro-invasive disease in humans. Between late 2006 and early 2010, 123 pups from the Enderby Island breeding colony died of K. pneumoniae infection, with lesions including fibrinous to fibrinosuppurative meningitis, subdural hemorrhage, septic arthritis, herniation and hemorrhage of the cerebellar vermis, lymphadenitis and cellulitis. This infection was responsible for 58% of observed pup mortality over this time period, with most deaths occurring in the latter part of the breeding season (mid February onwards). The results of this study suggest that the pattern of this disease has changed since it was first described in 2002, when most deaths occurred early in the season (early to mid-January), and that it is an important and consistent cause of pup mortality in this population. In addition, a similar disease syndrome and bacterial strain was diagnosed in a single pup in a fragile recolonizing New Zealand sea lion population on mainland New Zealand, and the potential effect on this population is unknown but could have a negative impact on recolonisation at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Roe
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - L Rogers
- mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Pinpimai
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Dittmer
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Marshall
- mEpiLab, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B L Chilvers
- Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
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Cox BL, Schiffer H, Dagget G, Beierschmitt A, Sithole F, Lee E, Revan F, Halliday-Simmonds I, Beeler-Marfisi J, Palmour R, Soto E. Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the innate immune system of African green monkeys. Vet Microbiol 2015; 176:134-42. [PMID: 25614101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an emergent Klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. In this project, bacteria recovered from infected African green monkeys (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) were screened for HMV phenotype, and were compared to non-HMV isolates in in vitro, serum, and oxidative-mediated killing assays. Complement-mediated killing was assessed utilizing freshly collected serum from healthy AGM. Oxidative-mediated killing was investigated utilizing sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. Compared to non-HMV isolates, HMV isolates were more resistant to serum-mediated and oxidative killing (p<0.05). Phagocytosis resistance was evaluated using AGM peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), and results indicated that non-HMV isolates associated with the AGM PBMC to a greater extent than HMV isolates (p<0.001). Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release showed that HMV isolates were more cytotoxic to AGM PBMC than non-HMV isolates (p<0.001). Thus, the hypermucoid phenotype appears to be an important virulence factor that promotes evasion of innate immune defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Holly Schiffer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Gregory Dagget
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis; Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Fortune Sithole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Elise Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Floyd Revan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Iona Halliday-Simmonds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Janet Beeler-Marfisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis; Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roberta Palmour
- Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Lowenstine LJ, Osborn KG. Respiratory System Diseases of Nonhuman Primates. NONHUMAN PRIMATES IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158299 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381366-4.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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