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Ning Y, Yang Y, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Luo W, Wen Y, Zhou Y, Ding H. Porcine antibody profiles of 33 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae fusion proteins from M. hyopneumoniae natural infection but not vaccination. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:203-216. [PMID: 36520664 PMCID: PMC9857121 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen responsible for porcine enzootic pneumonia, reduces average daily weight gain and causes substantial economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Vaccination is the most common strategy to control this disease but offers partial protection. Therefore, developing next-generation vaccines by screening protective antigens is crucial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to 33 recombinant proteins in pigs naturally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. METHODS The genes encoding 33 (hypothetical) membrane proteins or secretory proteins were ligated into pGEX-6P-1, pGEX-6P-2, pGEX-5X-3 or pGEX-4T-3 vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli XL-1 Blue to construct recombinant bacteria and to express the recombinant proteins. The recombinant bacteria expressing the target proteins reacted with porcine convalescent sera and negative sera to screen immunodominant proteins by ELISA. Then, recombinant bacteria expressing immunodominant proteins were used to identify the discriminating immunodominant proteins that were recognised by convalescent sera nut not hyperimmune sera. RESULTS All recombinant bacteria could express the target recombinant proteins in soluble form. Twenty-one proteins were shown to present immunodominant antigens, and four proteins were not recognised by convalescent sera. Moreover, six proteins were considered discriminating and reacted with convalescent sera but not with hyperimmune sera. CONCLUSIONS The identified immunodominant proteins were antigenic and expressed during bacterial infection, suggesting that these proteins, especially those capable of discriminating between sera, can be used to identify protective antigens with the view to develop more effective vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujiao Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenyi Luo
- The 181st Group of the Tenth DivisionXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsBeitunXinjiangChina
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Garcia-Morante B, Maes D, Sibila M, Betlach AM, Sponheim A, Canturri A, Pieters M. Improving Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae diagnostic capabilities by harnessing the infection dynamics. Vet J 2022; 288:105877. [PMID: 35901923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae remains one of the most problematic bacterial pathogens for pig production. Despite an abundance of observational and laboratory testing capabilities for this organism, diagnostic interpretation of test results can be challenging and ambiguous. This is partly explained by the chronic nature of M. hyopneumoniae infection and its tropism for lower respiratory tract epithelium, which affects diagnostic sensitivities associated with sampling location and stage of infection. A thorough knowledge of the available tools for routine M. hyopneumoniae diagnostic testing, together with a detailed understanding of infection dynamics, are essential for optimizing sampling strategies and providing confidence in the diagnostic process. This study reviewed known information on sampling and diagnostic tools for M. hyopneumoniae and summarized literature reports of the dynamics of key infection outcomes, including clinical signs, lung lesions, pathogen detection, and humoral immune responses. Such knowledge could facilitate better understanding of the performance of different diagnostic approaches at various stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia-Morante
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unit Porcine Health Management, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, 133 B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marina Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alyssa M Betlach
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Swine Vet Center, 1608 S Minnesota Ave, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
| | - Amanda Sponheim
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd NW, Duluth, GA 30096, USA
| | - Albert Canturri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Maria Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St Paul, 55108 MN, USA; Swine Disease Eradication Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Development of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Evaluation of Its Immune Responses in Mice and Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147899. [PMID: 35887246 PMCID: PMC9318870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), the primary pathogen causing Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS), brings massive economic losses worldwide. Genomic variability and post-translational protein modification can enhance the immune evasion of Mhp, which makes MPS prone to recurrent outbreaks on farms, even with vaccination or other treatments. The reverse vaccinology pipeline has been developed as an attractive potential method for vaccine development due to its high efficiency and applicability. In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine for Mhp was developed, and its immune responses were evaluated in mice and piglets. Genomic core proteins of Mhp were retrieved through pan-genome analysis, and four immunodominant antigens were screened by host homologous protein removal, membrane protein screening, and virulence factor identification. One immunodominant antigen, AAV27984.1 (membrane nuclease), was expressed by E. coli and named rMhp597. For epitope prioritization, 35 B-cell-derived epitopes were identified from the four immunodominant antigens, and 10 MHC-I and 6 MHC-II binding epitopes were further identified. The MHC-I/II binding epitopes were merged and combined to produce recombinant proteins MhpMEV and MhpMEVC6His, which were used for animal immunization and structural analysis, respectively. Immunization of mice and piglets demonstrated that MhpMEV could induce humoral and cellular immune responses. The mouse serum antibodies could detect all 11 synthetic epitopes, and the piglet antiserum suppressed the nuclease activity of rMhp597. Moreover, piglet serum antibodies could also detect cultured Mhp strain 168. In summary, this study provides immunoassay results for a multi-epitope vaccine derived from the reverse vaccinology pipeline, and offers an alternative vaccine for MPS.
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Ding H, Wen Y, Xu Z, Zhou B, Tlili C, Tian Y, Wang Z, Ning Y, Xin J. Development of an ELISA for distinguishing convalescent sera with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection from hyperimmune sera responses to bacterin vaccination in pigs. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1831-1840. [PMID: 34021737 PMCID: PMC8464267 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with inactivated bacterin is the most popular and practical measure to control enzootic pneumonia. After immunisation with inactivated bacterin, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonised on the respiratory tract and lung stimulates the humoural immune responses and produces IgG and IgA antibodies. ELISA is a widely used serological method to detect M. hyopneumoniae antibodies. However, commercial IgG‐ELISA kit cannot distinguish between inactivated bacterin‐induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera stimulated by natural infection. SIgA‐ELISA method needs to collect nasal swabs, but collecting nasal swabs is not easy to operate. Establishment of a discriminative ELISA detecting humoural IgG from convalescent sera but not hyperimmune sera facilitates to evaluate the natural infection of M. hyopneumoniae after inactivated bacterin vaccination. We expressed and purified a recombinant protein named Mhp366‐N which contains an epitope recognised by the convalescent sera but not hyperimmune sera. The developed discriminative IgG‐ELISA could discriminate between inactivated bacterin‐induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera and was reproducible, sensitive and specific to M. hyopneumoniae antibody produced by natural infection. Compared to SIgA‐ELISA method, discriminative IgG‐ELISA was more convenient to detect IgG antibody from sera than IgA from nasal swabs, although it has limited sensitivity in the early stages of infection. Additionally, to some extent, it has a potential to avoid the interference of maternally derived IgG antibodies. The established discriminative IgG‐ELISA was efficient to judge the serological IgG antibodies induced from natural infection or inactivated vaccine stimulation and provided a useful method to investigate and evaluate the live organism infection after the application of inactivated bacterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuobo Xu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaker Tlili
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Maes D, Boyen F, Devriendt B, Kuhnert P, Summerfield A, Haesebrouck F. Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs. Vet Res 2021; 52:67. [PMID: 33964969 PMCID: PMC8106180 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Filip Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tian Y, Xu Z, Wen Y, Yang M, Ning Y, Wang Z, Ding H. Development of an indirect ELISA for detection of anti-Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IgG in naturally infected pathogen-induced convalescent sera. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:123. [PMID: 33726780 PMCID: PMC7968261 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization of pigs with an inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (bacterin) generates hyperimmune serum that contains high concentrations of anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG. Commercially available IgG-ELISA kits cannot distinguish between anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG in inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera resulting from natural M. hyopneumoniae infection. Establishment of an ELISA to detect anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG in convalescent sera will facilitate the evaluation of the M. hyopneumoniae status of pig farms. RESULTS In this study, we expressed and purified recombinant Mhp366-N protein, which contains an epitope recognized by M. hyopneumoniae convalescent sera but not hyperimmune sera, for use as a coating antigen. For the M. hyopneumoniae convalescent serum IgG-ELISA, the optimal antigen concentration, blocking buffer, blocking time, dilution of serum, incubation time with serum, secondary antibody dilution, secondary antibody incubation time and colorimetric reaction time were 0.25 µg/mL, 2.5 % skim milk, 1 h, 1:500, 0.5 h, 1:10,000, 1 h and 15 min, respectively. Validation of the M. hyopneumoniae convalescent serum IgG-ELISA showed a cut-off value of 0.323, the intra-assay CV ranged from 3.27 to 7.26 %, the inter-assay CV ranged from 3.46 to 5.93 %, and the assay was able to differentiate convalescent sera from antibodies to 7 other porcine respiratory pathogens. The convalescent serum IgG-ELISA detected no anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG in hyperimmune serum samples while a commercial IgG-ELISA identified 95/145 of these sera as positive. The accuracy of the M. hyopneumoniae convalescent serum IgG-ELISA was comparable to the sIgA-ELISA but better than the commercial IgG-ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The convalescent serum IgG-ELISA is a reproducible, sensitive, and specific indirect ELISA to detect anti-M. hyopneumoniae IgG in naturally infected pathogen-induced convalescent sera. This ELISA could be used to carry out large scale surveillance of M. hyopneumoniae infection in pig farms regardless of vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuobo Xu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China. .,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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Ning Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wen Y, Xu Z, Tian Y, Yang M, Wang X, Yang Y, Ding H. Elevated Mhp462 antibody induced by natural infection but not in vitro culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04832. [PMID: 32923730 PMCID: PMC7476235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the respiratory pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory infectious disease that causes substantial pecuniary losses to pig husbandry worldwide. Commercial bacterins only provide incomplete protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. Identification of new protective antigens is a key imperative for the development of more effective novel vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibody responses of 27 recombinant proteins in convalescent sera obtained from pigs that were naturally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Fifteen proteins were identified as serological immunodominant antigens, while 3 proteins were not recognized by any convalescent serum. Moreover, Mhp462, a leucine aminopeptidase, was found to be a discriminative serological immunodominant antigen which reacted with convalescent sera but not with hyperimmune sera. The serological immunodominant proteins were antigenic and were expressed during infection; this suggests that these proteins (especially the discriminative one) are potential candidate antigens for the development of next generation vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zuobo Xu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujiao Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Ding H, Zhou Y, Wang H. Development of an indirect ELISA for detecting humoral immunodominant proteins of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:327. [PMID: 31511007 PMCID: PMC6739915 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, which has been associated with economic losses due to reduced daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Although it has a small genome and no more than 1000 genes, M. hyopneumoniae can be cultured in cell free media. However, some proteins were not expressed or were only expressed in negligible amounts under culture conditions. Nevertheless, some of these proteins can be expressed at a high level and induce a strong and rapid immune response after M. hyopneumoniae infection. The unexpressed or less expressed proteins may play critical roles in pathogenesis and/or immune response. In order to find the differentially expressed proteins of M. hyopneumoniae between culture condition and infected animals, we established an indirect ELISA for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera by using Mhp366 protein which did not react with sera from bacterin-immunized pigs, but revealed a strong immunoreaction with porcine convalescent sera. Results The checkerboard titration method was done by using porcine convalescent sera as positive sera and inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera as negative sera. The bacterial lysates of fusion proteins and free GST protein without dilution were the optimal coating antigens. The optimal blocking buffer was PBS with 10% FBS and 2.5% skimmed milk. In the checkboard ELISAs, when the sera were diluted at 1:500 and the HRP-labeled rabbit anti-pig IgG were diluted at 1:20000, most positive result was obtained for the assay. Conclusions This established indirect ELISA can be used as a tool for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins of M. hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China.
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
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Bai Y, Gan Y, Hua LZ, Nathues H, Yang H, Wei YN, Wu M, Shao GQ, Feng ZX. Application of a sIgA-ELISA method for differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infected from vaccinated pigs. Vet Microbiol 2018; 223:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Feng ZX, Bai Y, Yao JT, Pharr GT, Wan XF, Xiao SB, Chi LZ, Gan Y, Wang HY, Wei YN, Liu MJ, Xiong QY, Bai FF, Li B, Wu XS, Shao GQ. Use of serological and mucosal immune responses to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens P97R1, P46 and P36 in the diagnosis of infection. Vet J 2014; 202:128-33. [PMID: 25066030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently available ELISAs used to diagnose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs have high specificity but low sensitivity. To develop more sensitive assays, the kinetics of specific serum IgG and respiratory mucosal sIgA responses against three M. hyopneumoniae antigens, namely, P97R1 (an adhesin protein), P46 (a membrane protein), and P36 (a cytosolic protein), were characterised over 133 days following experimental infection. Immunoglobulin G against the three proteins remained at high concentrations from 28 to 133 days post-infection (dpi), although IgG against P97R1 was detected earlier and was more reactive than the other two antigens under assessment. Mucosal sIgA appeared earlier than serum IgG but did not persist as long; sIgA concentrations against P97R1 were the highest. Seroconversion was detected 2 weeks earlier with the P97R1-based ELISA than with a commercially available ELISA. On analysis of serum samples from five pig farms that did not use a M. hyopneumoniae vaccine, the P97R1-based IgG ELISA demonstrated a 73.6% coincidence rate with the commercial kit. Moreover, this more specific P97R1-based ELISA detected more positive samples than the commercial kit (52.8% vs. 39.2%). It was concluded that the systemic immune response to M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs was delayed in onset but persistent whereas the mucosal response developed more rapidly but was less sustained. The P97R1 antigen was identified as a suitable serological marker for diagnosing M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, particularly early stage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing-Ting Yao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - G Todd Pharr
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Shao-Bo Xiao
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural, Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Chi
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan-Na Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mao-Jun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi-Yan Xiong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bai
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu-Su Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guo-Qing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture National Centre for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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12
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Induction of matrix metalloproteinases and TLR2 and 6 in murine colon after oral exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:545-53. [PMID: 22289202 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is suspected to be a causative agent in Crohn's disease. Recent evidence suggests that MAP can induce the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are the main proteases in the pathogenesis of mucosal ulcerations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Within the present study, we analysed whether oral MAP exposure can induce colonic MMP expression in vivo. In MAP exposed mice MAP and spheroplasts were visualized in intramucosal leukocyte aggregates. MAP exposed mice exhibited a higher colonic expression of Mmp-2, -9, -13, -14, Timp-1, Tlr2, Tlr6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α. Cell clusters of MMP-9 positive cells adjacent to intramucosal leukocyte aggregates and CD45(+) leukocytes were identified as the major cellular sources of MMP-9. Enhanced TLR2 expression was visualized on the luminal side of colonic enterocytes. Although MAP exposure did not lead to macroscopic intestinal inflammation, the observed MAP spheroplasts in intramucosal leukocyte aggregates together with increased colonic expression of toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs upon MAP exposure represents a part of the host immune response towards MAP.
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13
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Halperin RF, Stafford P, Emery JS, Navalkar KA, Johnston SA. GuiTope: an application for mapping random-sequence peptides to protein sequences. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13:1. [PMID: 22214541 PMCID: PMC3280184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Random-sequence peptide libraries are a commonly used tool to identify novel ligands for binding antibodies, other proteins, and small molecules. It is often of interest to compare the selected peptide sequences to the natural protein binding partners to infer the exact binding site or the importance of particular residues. The ability to search a set of sequences for similarity to a set of peptides may sometimes enable the prediction of an antibody epitope or a novel binding partner. We have developed a software application designed specifically for this task. RESULTS GuiTope provides a graphical user interface for aligning peptide sequences to protein sequences. All alignment parameters are accessible to the user including the ability to specify the amino acid frequency in the peptide library; these frequencies often differ significantly from those assumed by popular alignment programs. It also includes a novel feature to align di-peptide inversions, which we have found improves the accuracy of antibody epitope prediction from peptide microarray data and shows utility in analyzing phage display datasets. Finally, GuiTope can randomly select peptides from a given library to estimate a null distribution of scores and calculate statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS GuiTope provides a convenient method for comparing selected peptide sequences to protein sequences, including flexible alignment parameters, novel alignment features, ability to search a database, and statistical significance of results. The software is available as an executable (for PC) at http://www.immunosignature.com/software and ongoing updates and source code will be available at sourceforge.net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Halperin
- Center for Innovations in Medicine, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, PO Box 875901, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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14
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Marchioro SB, Simionatto S, Galli V, Conceição FR, Brum CB, Fisch A, Gomes CK, Dellagostin OA. Production and characterization of recombinant transmembrane proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2011; 155:44-52. [PMID: 21890287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease which causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. More efficient strategies for controlling this disease are necessary. In this study, we cloned17 genes coding for transmembrane proteins from M. hyopneumoniae, among which six were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and had their immunogenic and antigenic properties evaluated. All proteins were immunogenic in mice and sera from naturally infected pigs reacted with the recombinant proteins, suggesting that they are expressed during infection. These antigens may contribute for the development of new recombinant vaccines and diagnostic tests against EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Marchioro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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