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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ning Q, Wang J. Growth characteristics and metabonomics analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract medium. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Francés-Cuesta C, Ansari I, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Gibello A, González-Candelas F. Comparative genomics and evolutionary analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from human endocarditis. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35196218 PMCID: PMC8942021 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is a well-known pathogen of fish, but is rarely involved in infections in humans and other mammals. In humans, the main clinical manifestation of L. garvieae infections is endocarditis usually related to the ingestion of contaminated food, such as undercooked fish and shellfish. This study presents the first complete genomic sequence of a clinical L. garvieae strain isolated from a patient with endocarditis and its comparative analysis with other genomes. This human isolate contains a circular chromosome of 2 099 060 bp and one plasmid of 50 557 bp. In comparison with other fully sequenced L. garvieae strains, the chromosomal DNA of L. garvieae Lg-Granada carries a low proportion of insertion sequence elements and a higher number of putative prophages. Our results show that, in general, L. garvieae is a highly recombinogenic species with an open pangenome in which almost 30 % of its genome has undergone horizontal transfers. Within the genus Lactococcus, L. lactis is the main donor of genetic components to L. garvieae but, taking Lg-Granada as a representative, this bacterium tends to import more genes from Bacilli taxa than from other Lactococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Francés-Cuesta
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Ansari
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,VISAVET Animal Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Joint Research Unit Infection and Public Health FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, UV-CSIC) and CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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Use of Corn-Steep Water Effluent as a Promising Substrate for Lactic Acid Production by Enterococcus faecium Strain WH51-1. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various challenges facing the industrial production of bio-based lactic acid (LA) such as cost of raw materials and nitrogen sources, as well as contamination risk by mesophilic and neutrophilic producers, should be overcome for the commercial production. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of corn steep water (CSW) as a raw material for LA production using a newly thermo-alkali-tolerant lactic acid bacterium. The physicochemical characteristics of CSW were investigated. The high carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, essential elements, minerals, and non-protein nitrogenous compounds content confirmed that the CSW is a promising substrate for LA production. Out of 67 bacterial isolates, Enterococcus faecium WH51-1 was selected based on its tolerance to high temperatures and inhibitory compounds (sodium metabisulfate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, and formic acid). Fermentation factors including sugar concentration, temperature, inoculum size, and neutralizing agents were optimized for LA production. Lactic acid concentration of about 44.6 g/L with a high yield (0.89 ± 0.02 g/g) was obtained using 60 g/L of CSW sugar, inoculum size 10% (v/v), 45 °C, and sodium hydroxide or calcium carbonate as a neutralizing agent. These results demonstrated the potential of strain WH51-1 for LA production using CSW effluent as raw material.
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Qiao Y, Liu G, Leng C, Zhang Y, Lv X, Chen H, Sun J, Feng Z. Metabolic profiles of cysteine, methionine, glutamate, glutamine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine and glutathione in Streptococcus thermophilus during pH-controlled batch fermentations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12441. [PMID: 30127376 PMCID: PMC6102215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the amino acid (AA) metabolism patterns of Streptococcus thermophilus has important effects on the precise design of nitrogen sources for high-cell-density culture. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were combined to reveal the cysteine, methionine, glutamate, glutamine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine and alanine metabolic pathways in S. thermophilus MN-ZLW-002, including glutathione. The changes in the synthesis, consumption and concentration of AAs and their metabolites, as well as regulatory genes with time were revealed. The metabolism of L-cysteine, L-glutamate, L-aspartate and L-alanine generated some potential functional metabolites. The metabolism of methionine and glutamate generated potential harmful metabolites. S. thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 can synthesize glutathione. Some potential functional metabolites have similar biological functions, indicating that S. thermophilus can resist environmental stresses through multiple mechanisms. The expression of some key genes in synthesis pathway of AA indicated that cysteine, methionine, asparagine, aspartate, arginine and lysine were insufficient or imbalance between nutrient components. The accumulation of large amounts of AA metabolites might be the primary cause of the overconsumption of AAs and influence the growth of S. thermophilus. The present study revealed the metabolic profiles of abovementioned AAs as well as those of regulatory genes and metabolites. These results were beneficial to the precise design of nitrogen sources and regulation of functional metabolites for the high-cell-density culture of S. thermophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Gefei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuepeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Ferrario C, Ricci G, Borgo F, Rollando A, Fortina MG. Genetic investigation within Lactococcus garvieae revealed two genomic lineages. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 332:153-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrario
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche; Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche; Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche; Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
| | - Alessandro Rollando
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche; Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche; Sezione di Microbiologia Industriale; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
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The Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function σ factor σ(V) is induced by lysozyme and provides resistance to lysozyme. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:6215-22. [PMID: 21856855 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05467-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria encounter numerous environmental stresses which can delay or inhibit their growth. Many bacteria utilize alternative σ factors to regulate subsets of genes required to overcome different extracellular assaults. The largest group of these alternative σ factors are the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. In this paper, we demonstrate that the expression of the ECF σ factor σ(V) in Bacillus subtilis is induced specifically by lysozyme but not other cell wall-damaging agents. A mutation in sigV results in increased sensitivity to lysozyme killing, suggesting that σ(V) is required for lysozyme resistance. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, we show that the previously uncharacterized gene yrhL (here referred to as oatA for O-acetyltransferase) is in a four-gene operon which includes sigV and rsiV. In quantitative RT-PCR experiments, the expression of oatA is induced by lysozyme stress. Lysozyme induction of oatA is dependent upon σ(V). Overexpression of oatA in a sigV mutant restores lysozyme resistance to wild-type levels. This suggests that OatA is required for σ(V)-dependent resistance to lysozyme. We also tested the ability of lysozyme to induce the other ECF σ factors and found that only the expression of sigV is lysozyme inducible. However, we found that the other ECF σ factors contributed to lysozyme resistance. We found that sigX and sigM mutations alone had very little effect on lysozyme resistance but when combined with a sigV mutation resulted in significantly greater lysozyme sensitivity than the sigV mutation alone. This suggests that sigV, sigX, and sigM may act synergistically to control lysozyme resistance. In addition, we show that two ECF σ factor-regulated genes, dltA and pbpX, are required for lysozyme resistance. Thus, we have identified three independent mechanisms which B. subtilis utilizes to avoid killing by lysozyme.
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Abstract
As the genomics era matures, the availability of complete microbial genome sequences is facilitating computational approaches to understand bacterial genomes and DNA structure/function relationships. From the genome of pathogens, we can derive invaluable information on potential targets for new antimicrobial agents. Advancements in high-throughput 'omics' technologies and the availability of multiple isolates of the same species have significantly changed the time frame and scope for identifying novel therapeutic targets. This article aims to discuss selected aspects of the bacterial genome, and advocates 'omics'-based techniques to advance the discovery of new therapeutic targets against extracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagathihalli S Nagaraj
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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