1
|
Barker EN, O'Halloran C, Gunn-Moore DA. Review canine tuberculosis - An emerging concern. Vet J 2024; 305:106111. [PMID: 38604331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Canine mycobacterial disease was first recognised over 100 years ago but is now an emerging concern. All reported cases of tuberculous disease in dogs have been caused by infection with one of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC) organisms (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium microti). Molecular PCR and interferon-gamma release assays offer alternative or complementary diagnostic pathways to that of specialist culture, which is limited by availability, sensitivity, and the time it takes to get a result. Optimised triple antimicrobial protocols offer an excellent chance of a successful outcome in dogs where treatment can be considered and is attempted. In this review, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of canine tuberculosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi N Barker
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, United Kingdom; Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
| | - Conor O'Halloran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Danièlle A Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Apostolopoulos N, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Wildermuth B, Moser I, Hillemann D, Nobach D, Herden C, Ewers C, Thom N. Mycobacterium setense isolated from a cat with atypical mycobacterial panniculitis. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:390-396. [PMID: 34169497 DOI: 10.1055/a-1528-1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atypical mycobacterial panniculitis was diagnosed in a cat. Mycobacterium setense was identified as causative agent by 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This a gram-positive rod-shaped acid-fast bacterium belonging to Mycobacterium fortuitum group was never reported before in diseased animals. Resistance to doxycycline and clarithromycin was detected. During treatment with pradofloxacin, additional resistance to fluoroquinolones developed which was due to a mutation in the gyrase gene gyrA (S90W exchange). Despite of antimicrobial treatment for 33 months the patient did not fully recover. Species identification and susceptibility testing for choosing adequate antimicrobial treatment is recommended in cases of feline mycobacterial panniculitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irmgard Moser
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, National Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Doris Hillemann
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Daniel Nobach
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Thom
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian S, Yang D, Long Q, Ling M. Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666191218112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium (MA) are intracellular
parasitic bacteria. The biological characteristics of MA and MTB are very similar and need
to be identified.
Objective:
The study aims to better understand how MTB survives in macrophages and the different
pathogenic mechanisms of MTB and MA.
Methods:
The Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/
MS) were used for analysis of the differentially expressed proteins in MTB-infected macrophages
and MA-infected macrophages.
Results:
A total of 682 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in MTB-infected cells in
comparison with MA-infected cells. Among these, 10 proteins (O60812, P06576, O43660-2, E9PL10,
O00442, M0R050, Q9H8H0, Q9BSJ8, P41240 and Q8TD57-3) were down-regulated in MTB-infected
cells, and M0R050, O00442, Q9H8H0, O60812 and O43660 are interactive proteins which participate
in a multitude of cellular RNA processing.
Conclusion:
The five down-regulated proteins (M0R050, O00442, Q9H8H0, O60812 and O43660)
might repress the synthesis of some resistant proteins in MTB-infected cells to promote MTB survival
in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine, Research of Guangxi University, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongjun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine, Research of Guangxi University, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine, Research of Guangxi University, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Ling
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine, Research of Guangxi University, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Munro MJL, Byrne BA, Sykes JE. Feline mycobacterial disease in northern California: Epidemiology, clinical features, and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:273-283. [PMID: 33346952 PMCID: PMC7848370 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial infections in cats are challenging to treat and incompletely described. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe the features of mycobacterial infections in cats from northern California. ANIMALS Nineteen cats, all with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections; 4 with Mycobacterium avium infection, 15 with rapid-growing mycobacterial (RGM) infection. METHODS Retrospective study. Cases with positive mycobacterial culture, species identification, and susceptibility testing were included. Descriptive statistics were used. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons between M avium and RGM infections (P ≤ .05). RESULTS Rapid-growing mycobacterial cases included Mycobacterium smegmatis (9), Mycobacterium fortuitum (4), Mycobacterium abscessus (1), and Mycobacterium thermoresistibile (1). Mycobacterium avium infections were more likely than RGM infections to be disseminated (3/4 vs 0/15; P = .004). Disease of the skin/subcutis (15/15 vs 0/4; P < .001) and outdoor access (14/15 vs 0/4; P = .001) were primary features of RGM infections. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was common among M avium isolates. A high prevalence of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was noted in RGM species. Death/euthanasia was noted only in M avium cases (3/4). Twelve of 15 cats with RGM infection had available follow-up; 4 of these cats achieved remission. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The most prevalent RGM species isolated from cats from northern California are M smegmatis and M fortuitum. Susceptibility to prescribed antimicrobials does not appear to guarantee treatment success. Combination drug treatment is recommended. Repeat culture and susceptibility testing should be performed when disease is persistent/relapsing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J L Munro
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jane E Sykes
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palomar AM, Premchand-Branker S, Alberdi P, Belova OA, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Kahl O, Bell-Sakyi L. Isolation of known and potentially pathogenic tick-borne microorganisms from European ixodid ticks using tick cell lines. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:628-638. [PMID: 30819609 PMCID: PMC6446187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ticks harbour and, in many cases transmit to their vertebrate hosts, a wide variety of pathogenic, apathogenic and endosymbiotic microorganisms. Recent molecular analyses have greatly increased the range of bacterial species potentially associated with ticks, but in most cases cannot distinguish between surface contaminants, microorganisms present in the remains of the previous blood meal and truly intracellular or tissue-associated bacteria. Here we demonstrate how tick cell lines, primary cell cultures and organ cultures can be used to isolate and propagate bacteria from within embryonic and adult Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks originating from different parts of Europe. We isolated and partially characterised four new strains of Spiroplasma from The Netherlands, Spain and Poland, two new strains of Rickettsia raoultii from Russia and Poland, one strain of Rickettsia slovaca from Spain and a species of Mycobacterium from the UK. Comparison with published sequences showed that the Spiroplasma strains were closely related to Spiroplasma ixodetis and the Mycobacterium isolate belonged to the Mycobacterium chelonae complex, while the R. raoultii and R. slovaca strains were similar to previously-validated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Palomar
- Centre of Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, CIBIR, C/ Piqueras, 98, Logroño 26006, La Rioja, Spain; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Shonnette Premchand-Branker
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Oxana A Belova
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS), prem. 8, k.17, pos. Institut Poliomyelita, poselenie Moskovskiy, Moscow 108819, Russia; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 20-1 Malaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119435, Russia.
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Olaf Kahl
- Tick-radar GmbH, 10555 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niederhäuser S, Klauser L, Bolliger J, Friedel U, Schmitt S, Ruetten M, Greene CE, Ghielmetti G. First report of nodular skin lesions caused by Mycobacterium nebraskense in a 9-year-old cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918792685. [PMID: 30186616 PMCID: PMC6113737 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918792685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 9-year-old cat was referred with multiple, raised, ulcerative skin nodules in the region of the neck and dorsal head. Histopathological findings of a biopsied nodule were granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis without multinucleated giant cells or caseous necrosis. In addition, by Ziehl–Neelsen staining numerous acid-fast intracellular bacilli were observed within the lesions. Mycobacterial culture showed growth of rough scotochromogenic colonies after 3 weeks of incubation. Molecular characterisation of the isolate identified Mycobacterium nebraskense as the cause of the infection. No phenotypic resistance was detected for the antimycobacterial agents tested. The cat was successfully treated with a combination of surgical excision and a 12 week course of antimicrobial therapy, including rifampicin combined with clarithromycin. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of mycobacterial granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to M nebraskense infection in a cat. The successful surgical and antimycobacterial treatment regimen is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ute Friedel
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Craig E Greene
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Major A, O’Halloran C, Holmes A, Lalor S, Littler R, Spence S, Schwarz T, Gunn-Moore D. Use of computed tomography imaging during long-term follow-up of nine feline tuberculosis cases. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:189-199. [PMID: 29366400 PMCID: PMC11129261 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17699476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Case series summary Feline tuberculosis is an increasingly recognised potential zoonosis of cats. Treatment is challenging and prognosis can vary greatly between cases. Pulmonary infection requires extended courses of antibiotics, but methodologies for sensitively monitoring response to treatment are currently lacking. In this case series, we retrospectively examined the serial computed tomography (CT) findings in nine cats that had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. Changes in pathology (where applicable to tuberculosis) were correlated with the clinical presentation of each of the cats, the treatment protocol, and previous and contemporary diagnostic investigations. This study found that changes in CT findings during the medium- to long-term management of feline tuberculosis were highly variable between cats. The majority of cats had reduced pathology at re-examination during anti-tuberculous therapy, but pathology only resolved in a minority of cases. In some cases recurrence of pathology detected by CT imaging preceded clinical deterioration, allowing for rapid therapeutic intervention. Relevance and novel information When considered in combination with clinical findings, CT studies can aid in decision making regarding tapering of antibiotic protocols, or reintroduction of therapy in cases of recurrence or reinfection. This series also highlights that, in some cases, persistent abnormalities can be detected by CT, so complete resolution of CT pathology should not always be a goal in the management of feline tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Major
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol/Langford Veterinary Services, Bristol, UK
- Alison Major and Conor O’Halloran should be considered joint first authors
| | - Conor O’Halloran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
- Alison Major and Conor O’Halloran should be considered joint first authors
| | - Andrea Holmes
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol/Langford Veterinary Services, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephanie Lalor
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - Rebecca Littler
- Northwest Surgeons, Delamere House, Sutton Weaver, Cheshire, UK
| | - Susanna Spence
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
- Tobias Schwarz and Danièlle Gunn-Moore should be considered joint last authors
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
- Tobias Schwarz and Danièlle Gunn-Moore should be considered joint last authors
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Halloran C, Dobromylskyj M. Clinical mycobacterial diseases of companion animals: part 2. Management of companion animal mycobacteriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12968/coan.2017.22.11.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor O'Halloran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG
| | - Melanie Dobromylskyj
- Finn Pathologists, Histopathology Department, One Eyed Lane, Weybread, Diss, Norfolk IP21 5TT
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barandiaran S, Martínez Vivot M, Falzoni E, Marfil MJ, Pérez Tort G, Rovatti P, Fernández M, Iachini R, Satek F, Duchene A, Zumárraga MJ. Mycobacterioses in dogs and cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:729-732. [PMID: 28599612 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717713795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterioses can produce nonspecific clinical signs in dogs and cats that make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, the full characterization of mycobacterial agents is not always possible or practical. We characterized mycobacteria detected through cytology in 12 dogs and 7 cats with generalized clinical signs from the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. In dogs, molecular testing confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) in 8 cases and M. fortuitum in 1 case. All dogs were Miniature Schnauzers, suggesting that this breed may be more susceptible to M. avium than other dog breeds. The cat isolates were 2 M. bovis, 1 M. fortuitum, and 1 MAH. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat patterns suggested possible links with cattle, swine, and humans studied previously in Argentina. The results show that pets may act as susceptible hosts with the potential risk of transmitting the infection to humans and other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Marcela Martínez Vivot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Elvira Falzoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - María J Marfil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Gabriela Pérez Tort
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Paula Rovatti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Mónica Fernández
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Ricardo Iachini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Fernanda Satek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Adriana Duchene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| | - Martín J Zumárraga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Barandiaran, Martínez Vivot, Falzoni, Marfil, Pérez Tort, Duchene).,Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Marfil, Zumárraga).,Virreyes Veterinary Hospital, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Pérez Tort).,Private Veterinary Clinic, San Isidro, Argentina (Rovatti).,Zoonosis Luis Pasteur Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fernández, Iachini).,Surgical Veterinary Clinic (EQVET), Buenos Aires, Argentina (Satek)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woerde DJ, Martin PA, Govendir M. Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria isolated from Australian cats to ivermectin, moxidectin, ceftiofur and florfenicol. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:1065-8. [PMID: 25572306 PMCID: PMC10816349 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14565497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) infections in cats typically manifest as a panniculitis, requiring long-term antimicrobial therapy for resolution. The search for novel antimicrobial therapies to reduce treatment duration and improve the rate of clinical resolution is imperative. Accordingly, RGM isolates underwent susceptibility testing to some avermectins and other antibacterial drugs currently available. METHODS Five Mycobacterium fortuitum and six Mycobacterium smegmatis isolates obtained from Australian cats underwent susceptibility testing by microbroth dilution to ivermectin, moxidectin, ceftiofur and florfenicol. RESULTS All isolates were resistant to the highest concentrations of ivermectin, moxidectin and ceftiofur tested (1024 µg/ml, 256 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml, respectively). All isolates of M fortuitum were resistant to the highest concentration of florfenicol tested (128 µg/ml). The minimum inhibitory concentration range of florfenicol that inhibited growth of M smegmatis isolates was 32-64 µg/ml. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE All drugs appear to have no efficacy in vitro for the treatment of RGM infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Woerde
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia A Martin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bennie CJM, To JLK, Martin PA, Govendir M. In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:40-5. [PMID: 25622709 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether selected drug combinations used to treat rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have drug-drug interactions that affect efficacy and to investigate each isolate's susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine, individually. DESIGN In vitro susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates. METHODS Initially, five feline isolates and one canine isolate from both Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. smegmatis clusters (n = 12) underwent microbroth susceptibility testing to individual drugs to establish minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefovecin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfanilamide (the latter two as a combination). Checkerboard assays were then performed for susceptible M. smegmatis isolates for the following combinations: clarithromycin (one isolate only) versus enrofloxacin, clarithromycin vs doxycycline, clarithromycin vs trimethoprim/sulfanilamide; enrofloxacin vs doxycycline (six isolates); enrofloxacin vs trimethoprim/sulfanilamide (six isolates). Susceptible M. fortuitum isolates were tested against enrofloxacin versus doxycycline (four isolates only). RESULTS All six M. fortuitum isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, but only four of six were susceptible to doxycycline. All six M. smegmatis isolates were susceptible to doxycycline, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfanilamide. A single isolate from the 12, a M. smegmatis isolate, was susceptible to clarithromycin. The fractional inhibitory concentration of each drug ranged from 0.64 to 1.84, indicating that neither synergism nor antagonism was evident. All 12 isolates were resistant to cefovecin. The clofazimine MIC50 to inhibit isolate growth was approximately 3.3 μg/mL for both strains. CONCLUSION Drugs commonly used for treatment of RGM, when tested as combinations, do not appear to antagonise one another in vitro. Cefovecin is not efficacious for treatment of RGM infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J M Bennie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, McMaster Building, B14, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Möstl K, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Something old, something new: Update of the 2009 and 2013 ABCD guidelines on prevention and management of feline infectious diseases. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:570-82. [PMID: 26101308 PMCID: PMC11148927 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15588448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OVERVIEW The ABCD has published 34 guidelines in two Special Issues of the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (JFMS): the first in July 2009 (Volume 11, Issue 7, pages 527-620) and the second in July 2013 (Volume 15, Issue 7, pages 528-652). The present article contains updates and new information on 18 of these (17 disease guidelines and one special article 'Prevention of infectious diseases in cat shelters'). For detailed information, readers are referred to the guidelines published in the above-mentioned JFMS Special Issues.
Collapse
|
13
|
Malik R, Smits B, Reppas G, Laprie C, O'Brien C, Fyfe J. Ulcerated and nonulcerated nontuberculous cutaneous mycobacterial granulomas in cats and dogs. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:146-53.e32-3. [PMID: 23331691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial granulomas of the skin and subcutis can be caused by one of a number of pathogens. This review concentrates on noncultivable species that cause diseases characterized by focal granuloma(s), namely leproid granuloma (in dogs) and feline leprosy (in cats). Clinically indistinguishable lesions can be caused by tuberculous organisms (Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium microti) and members of the Mycobacterium avium complex. Rapidly growing mycobacterial species that cause infection of the subcutaneous panniculus associated with draining tracts are not discussed. Disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans is an important emerging differential diagnosis for ulcerated cutaneous nodules in certain localized regions. CLINICAL LESIONS: Lesions comprise one or multiple nodules in the skin/subcutis. These are generally firm and well circumscribed, and typically become denuded of hair. They may or may not ulcerate, depending on the virulence of the causal organisms and the immune response of the host. DIAGNOSIS The most inexpensive, noninvasive means of diagnosis is by submission of methanol-fixed, Romanowsky-stained smears to a Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory after detecting negatively stained or acid-fast bacilli on cytological smears. Scrapings of material from slides usually provide sufficient mycobacterial DNA to enable identification of the causal organism using sequence analysis of amplicons after PCR using specific mycobacterial primers. THERAPY Therapy relies upon a combination of marginal resection of easily accessible lesions and treatment using two or three drugs effective against slowly growing mycobacteria, choosing amongst rifampicin, clarithromycin, clofazimine and pradofloxacin/moxifloxacin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, Conference Centre B22, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Enrofloxacin is able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Infectious Diseases. THE CAT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7161403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Govendir M, Norris J, Hansen T, Wigney D, Muscatello G, Trott D, Malik R. Susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria and Nocardia isolates from cats and dogs to pradofloxacin. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:240-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|