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Lloren KKS, Sivasankar C, Lee JH. Comparative immunogenic and immunoprotective activities of PCV2d Cap and Rep antigens delivered by an efficient eukaryotic expression system engineered into a Salmonella vaccine vector. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110151. [PMID: 38870752 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stands as a predominant etiological agent in porcine circovirus-associated diseases. To manage the spread of the disease, it is necessary to develop a next-generation vaccine expressing PCV2 antigens that target the prevailing genotype such as PCV2d. A bacterial-mediated vaccine delivery by live-attenuated Salmonella has attracted interest for its low-cost production and highly effective vaccine delivery. Thus, in this study, we utilized the advantages of the Salmonella-mediated vaccine delivery by cloning PCV2d cap and rep into a eukaryotic expression plasmid pJHL204 and electroporation into an engineered live-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium JOL2500 (Δlon, ΔcpxR, ΔsifA, Δasd). The eukaryotic antigen expression by JOL2995 (p204:cap) and JOL2996 (p204:rep) was confirmed in vitro and in vivo which showed efficient antigen delivery. Furthermore, vaccination of mice model with the vaccine candidates elicited humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as depicted by high levels of PCV2-specific antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies, especially by JOL2995 (p204:cap) which correlated with the significant decrease in the viral load in PCV2d-challenged mice. Interestingly, JOL2996 (p204:rep) may not have elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protective efficacy, but it elicited considerably higher cell-mediated immune responses. This study demonstrated Salmonella-mediated vaccine delivery system coupled with the eukaryotic expression vector can efficiently deliver and express the target PCV2d antigens for strong induction of immune response and protective efficacy in mice model, further supporting the potential application of the Salmonella-mediated vaccine delivery system as an effective novel approach in vaccine strategies for PCV2d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristine Kaith S Lloren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhang S, Mou C, Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang Q. Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:23. [PMID: 32046726 PMCID: PMC7014726 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and is associated with a number of other diseases. PCV2 is widely distributed in most developed swine industries, and is a severe economic burden. With an eye to developing an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against PCV2-associated diseases, we have constructed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain (B. subtilis-Cap) that expresses the PCV2 capsid protein (Cap). METHODS Electroporation of a plasmid shuttle vector encoding the PCV2 Cap sequence was use to transform Bacillus subtilis. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate in vitro bone marrow derived dendritic cell (BM-DC) maturation and T cell proliferation induced by B. subtilis-Cap. Orally inoculated piglets were used for in vivo experiments; ELISA and western blotting were used to evaluate B. subtilis-Cap induced PCV2-specific IgA and IgG levels, as well as the secretion of cytokines and the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). RESULTS We evaluated the immune response to B. subtilis-Cap in vitro using mouse BM-DCs and in vivo using neonatal piglets orally inoculated with B. subtilis-Cap. Our results showed that the recombinant B. subtilis-Cap activated BM-DCs, significantly increased co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD80) and major histocompatibility complex II, and induced allogenic T cells proliferation. Piglets immunized with B. subtilis-Cap had elevated levels of PCV2-specific IgA in the mucosal tissues of the digestive and respiratory tract, and PCV2-specific IgG in serum (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Ileal immunocompetent cells, such as the IgA-secreting cells (P < 0.01), intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) (P < 0.01), CD3+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and CD4+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.01) increased significantly in the B. subtilis-Cap immunized piglets. Additionally, B. subtilis-Cap inoculation resulted in increased the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 (P < 0.01), and induced the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and β-defensin 2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We constructed a prototype PCV2 vaccine that can be administered orally and elicits a more robust humoral and cellular immunity than inactivated PCV2. B. subtilis-Cap is a promising vaccine candidate that is safe, convenient, and inexpensive. Further in vivo research is needed to determine its full range of efficacy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 People’s Republic of China
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3
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Shappo MOE, Li Q, Lin Z, Hu M, Ren J, Xu Z, Pan Z, Jiao X. SspH2 as anti-inflammatory candidate effector and its contribution in Salmonella Enteritidis virulence. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104041. [PMID: 32027972 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen deploying the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) to transfer effector proteins into host cells to modify its functions and accomplish intracellular replication. To study the effect of SspH2 on immune response induced by S. Enteritidis, we generated a deletion mutant of the effector gene sspH2 and a plasmid mediated complementary strain in S. Enteritidis C50336. The results of LD50 showed that SspH2 has no obvious effect on the virulence of S. Enteritidis. However, deletion of sspH2 decreased the invasion and intercellular colonization of the bacteria in Caco2 BBE cells. Using bacteriological counts from tissue homogenates the result of colonization in internal organs showed that in spleen and liver tissues, at 3rd and 4th day p.i. there is a significance decreased number of C50336-ΔsspH2 compared to the C50336-WT and C50336-ΔsspH2-psspH2, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments clearly showed that the mutant strain C50336ΔsspH2 significantly promoted expression of IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-12, and iNOS cytokines compared to the groups infected with the wild type or complementary strains, while the IL-8 synthesis was decreased in the mutant strain infected group. All of these findings revealed that SspH2 promotes the colonization of S. Enteritidis in host cells, and it is an important anti-inflammatory biased effector in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makarem O E Shappo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Jingwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China.
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Guo K. Enhanced protective immune response to PCV2 adenovirus vaccine by fusion expression of Cap protein with InvC in pigs. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e35. [PMID: 31364320 PMCID: PMC6669209 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The major immunogenic protein capsid (Cap) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is critical to induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immune response against PCV2 infection. This study was conducted to investigate the immune response of recombinant adenovirus expressing PCV2b Cap and C-terminal domain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin (Cap-InvC) fusion protein in pigs. The recombinant adenovirus rAd-Cap-InvC, rAd-Cap and rAd were generated and used to immunize pigs. The phosphate-buffered saline was used as negative control. The specific antibodies levels in rAd-Cap-InvC and ZJ/C-strain vaccine groups were higher than that of rAd-Cap group (p < 0.05), and the neutralization antibody titer in rAd-Cap-InvC group was significantly higher than those of other groups during 21–42 days post-immunization (DPI). Moreover, lymphocyte proliferative level, interferon-γ and interleukin-13 levels in rAd-Cap-InvC group were increased compared to rAd-Cap group (p < 0.05). After virulent challenge, viruses were not detected from the blood samples in rAd-Cap-InvC and ZJ/C-strain vaccine groups after 49 DPI. And the respiratory symptom, rectal temperature, lung lesion and lymph node lesion were minimal and similar in the ZJ/C-strain and rAd-Cap-InVC groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that rAd-Cap-InvC was more efficiently to stimulate the production of antibody and protect pigs from PCV2 infection. We inferred that InvC is a good candidate gene for further development and application of PCV2 genetic engineering vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencang Zhang
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Mudroňová D, Karaffová V, Csank T, Király J, Revajová V, Gancarčíková S, Nemcová R, Pistl J, Vilček Š, Levkut M. Systemic immune response of gnotobiotic mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2 after administration of Lactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol™. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:951-961. [PMID: 30232907 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study we confirmed an antiviral activity of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri L26 which was mediated by stimulation of local intestinal immunity. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of L. reuteri L26 on the systemic immune response in gnotobiotic mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). A total of 30 germ-free mice were divided into 3 groups and animals in noninfected and infected control groups (NC and IC; n=10) received sterile de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broth for 7 days and animals in experimental group L+PCV (n=10) were inoculated with L. reuteri L26. Subsequently, mice in L+PCV and IC groups were infected with PCV2; however, mice in the control group received virus cultivation medium (mock). The results showed an increase of percentage of cytotoxic cells (CD8+ and CD49b+CD8-) and oxidative burst of phagocytes, up-regulation of the gene expression of RANTES, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ and immunoglobulin A in blood above all in the later phase of infection (14 dpi) in L+PCV group accompanied by higher load of PCV2 in the serum. These findings indicate that L. reuteri L26 has a potential to induce systemic immune reaction, but in gnotobiotic mice immune stimulation can increase virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mudroňová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Karaffová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - T Csank
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Király
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Revajová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - S Gancarčíková
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - R Nemcová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Pistl
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Š Vilček
- 3 Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Levkut
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Hu M, Zhao W, Gao W, Li W, Meng C, Yan Q, Wang Y, Zhou X, Geng S, Pan Z, Cui G, Jiao X. Recombinant Salmonella expressing SspH2-EscI fusion protein limits its colonization in mice. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:21. [PMID: 28468643 PMCID: PMC5415771 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of inflammasome contributes to the clearance of intracellular bacteria. C-terminus of E. coli EscI protein can activate NLRC4 (NLR family, CARD domain containing-4) inflammasome in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to determine if activation of NLRC4 inflammasome by EscI can reduce the colonization of Salmonella in mice. Results A recombinant S. typhimurium strain expressing fusion protein of the N-terminal SspH2 (a Salmonella type III secretion system 2 effector) and C-terminal EscI was constructed and designated as X4550(pYA3334-SspH2-EscI). In vitro assay showed that X4550(pYA3334-SspH2-EscI) significantly enhanced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion (P < 0.05) and pyroptotic cell death of mouse peritoneal macrophages, compared with those infected with control strain, X4550(pYA3334-SspH2). In vivo studies showed that colonization of X4550(pYA3334-SspH2-EscI) in both spleen and liver were significantly lower than that of X4550(pYA3334-SspH2) (P < 0.05). The bacterial counts of X4550(pYA3334-SspH2-EscI) in mice decreased, while those of X4550(pYA3334-SspH2) increased over the time after infection. Additionally, X4550(pYA3334-SspH2-EscI) induced a less pathological alteration in spleen and liver than X4550(pYA3334-SspH2). Conclusion Fusion protein SspH2-EscI may be translocated into macrophages and activate NLRC4 inflammasome, which limits Salmonella colonization in spleen and liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhi Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weixin Zhao
- College of Tourism & Cuisine (College of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Tourism & Cuisine (College of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269-3089, CT, USA
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyou Cui
- College of Tourism & Cuisine (College of Food Science and Engineering), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Li D, Xu D, Wang Z, Du Q, Chang L, Zhao X, Huang Y, Tong D. Immunogenicity Evaluation of Modified Adenovirus Vaccines Expressing Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Protein in Pigs. Viral Immunol 2016; 30:111-119. [PMID: 27996636 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) adenovirus vaccine has been reported, but strong immune responses induced by adenovirus vector can decrease vaccine efficacy. To reduce the immunogenicity of adenovirus proteins, in previous study, we constructed the PCV2 adenovirus vaccine either modified with human cytomegalovirus first intron (Intron A) and woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) to increase the expression of Cap, or coexpressed porcine tumor necrosis factor-related activate protein (CD40L) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) to improve the immunogenicity of PCV2 Cap adenovirus vaccine. All these vaccines were evaluated in mice. In the present study, the protective immune responses of Intron A/WPRE-modified recombinant adenovirus Ad-A-C-W and CD40L/GMCSF-modified recombinant adenovirus Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF were evaluated in pigs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assay showed that both Ad-A-C-W and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF could induce a higher specific antibody and neutralizing antibody than Ad-Cap (p < 0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine release assay showed that Ad-A-C-W and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF induced a stronger cellular immune response than Ad-Cap. The PCV2 challenge experiment showed that viral loads of Ad-A-C-W-vaccinated group and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF-vaccinated group were lower than Ad-Cap vaccinated group (p < 0.05) after pigs were oronasally challenged with 5 × 105 TCID50 PCV2. Autopsy and histopathological examination showed that no obvious clinical and microscopic lesions were observed in groups Ad-Cap, Ad-A-C-W, and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF. Taken together, the results demonstrated that two modified recombinant adenovirus vaccines (Ad-A-C-W and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF) induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses and provided better protection than unmodified adenovirus Ad-Cap. Therefore, Ad-A-C-W and Ad-CD40L-Cap-GMCSF would be used as potential vaccines for prevention and control of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wales AD, Davies RH. Salmonella Vaccination in Pigs: A Review. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:1-13. [PMID: 26853216 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The control of Salmonella enterica in pig production is necessary for both public and animal health. The persistent and frequently asymptomatic nature of porcine Salmonella infection and the organism's abilities to colonize other animal species and to survive in the environment mean that effective control generally requires multiple measures. Vaccination is one such measure, and the present review considers its role and its future, drawing on studies in pigs from the 1950s to the present day. Once established in the body as an intracellular infectious agent, Salmonella can evade humoral immunity, which goes some way to explaining the often disappointing performance of inactivated Salmonella vaccines. More recent approaches, using mucosal presentation of antigens, live vaccines and adjuvants to enhance cell-mediated immunity, have met with more success. Vaccination strategies that involve stimulating both passive immunity from the dam plus active immunity in offspring appear to be most efficacious, although either approach alone can yield significant control of Salmonella. Problems that remain include relatively poor control of Salmonella serovars that are dissimilar to the vaccine antigen mix, and difficulties in measuring and predicting the performance of candidate vaccines in ways that are highly relevant to their likely use in commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Wales
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R H Davies
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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Pesciaroli M, Gradassi M, Martinelli N, Ruggeri J, Pistoia C, Raffatellu M, Magistrali CF, Battistoni A, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the Znuabc transporter is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Vaccine 2013; 31:2868-73. [PMID: 23623860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat contamination by Salmonella spp. is emerging as a major cause of human enteric infections in industrialized countries. The attempts to reduce human cases of salmonellosis encompass pre- and post-harvest interventions. In this context, vaccination of pigs may represent an effective instrument in eliminating/reducing Salmonella burden through the food chain. We have previously demonstrated that Salmonella Typhimurium lacking the ZnuABC transporter (S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC) is a promising candidate live vaccine in different mouse models of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. In this study, we confirmed in pigs the attenuation of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC. Moreover, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC administered to pigs by the oral route. We monitored clinical conditions of animals and we conducted a microbiological culture and a quantification of the humoral and cellular immune response, respectively, on fecal and blood samples of pigs. After vaccination with attenuated S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC, pigs showed a modest degree of hyperthermia. In addition, fecal shedding of S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could not be detected 28 days after the inoculum. Furthermore, vaccination with S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC elicited a distinct production of anti-Salmonella antibodies and IFN-γ. Taken together, these results suggest that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC is attenuated and immunogenic in pigs. Although the vaccine dosages do not guarantee complete safety there is ample margin to set up better conditions of use, suggesting that S. Typhimurium ΔznuABC could be a promising attenuated strain to be used as live mucosal vaccine for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pesciaroli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yang K, Li W, Niu H, Yan W, Liu X, Wang Y, Cheng S, Ku X, He Q. Efficacy of single dose of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) whole-virus vaccine with oil adjuvant in piglets. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:67. [PMID: 23171757 PMCID: PMC3539982 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 is one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. The development of effective vaccines against PCV2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of PMWS. Methods In the present study, a PK-15 cell-adapted formalin-inactivated prototype vaccine candidate was prepared using a strain of PCV2 from China. Inactivation of the virus was accomplished using a standard formalin inactivation protocol. The protective properties of the inactivated PCV2 vaccine were evaluated in piglets. Ten 28-day-old pigs were randomly assigned to two groups, each with five. Group 1 was vaccinated intramuscularly with the inactivated virus preparation; Group 2 received sterile PBS as a placebo. By 28 days post-vaccination (DPV), Groups 1 and 2 were challenged intranasally and intramuscularly with 5 × 107 TCID50 of a virulent PCV2 isolate. Results The vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 and had high levels of serum antibodies to PCV2 at 28 days after vaccination, whereas the control pigs remained seronegative. No significant signs of clinical disease were recorded following the challenge with PCV2, but moderate amounts of PCV2 antigen were detected in most lymphoid organs of the control pigs. PCV2 was detected in two out of the five vaccinated pigs. Furthermore, pathological lesions and viremia were milder in the vaccinated group. Conclusions The obtained results indicate that the inactivated PCV2 virus vaccine with an oil adjuvant induce an immunological response in pigs that appears to provide protection from infection with PCV2. The vaccine, therefore, may have the potential to serve as a vaccine aimed to protect pigs from developing PMWS.
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